Штрихи к лингвистическому портрету А. М. Пешковского в контексте научной полемики его времени

Author(s): Oleg Victorovich Nikitin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2019

This paper reveals little-known episodes from A. Peshkovsky’s scientific biography and analyses some fragments of his books and articles in the 1920s and 1930s that became the focus of linguistic discussions and showed ambiguous ideological situation in the science of that time. Special attention is paid to the formation of A. Peshkovsky as a linguist and methodist. His first works on “school and scientific grammar” that laid the foundations of the modern approach to the study of the theory and practice of syntax are analysed. It is noted that the studies by A. Peshkovsky teetered at the level of implementing the ideas of the old Moscow linguistic school of academicians Fortunatov and Shakhmatov, while gravitating toward the insight of A. Potebnya and yet showing at the same time a different way of understanding grammatical ideas. The author claims that A. Peshkovsky went from the traditional diachronic analysis in the direction of the formal approach, while not abandoning “the psychological perception of the word”. A. Peshkovsky, a reformer taking a stand in his search and linguistic experiments against the Marrist and tunnel-visioned understanding of the tasks of Soviet linguistics and methodological science, was subjected to unfair criticism for his stance. The discussions that took place at that time testify to the consistency and scientific integrity of the scientist’s views in the era of the struggle against “eclecticism”, “formalism”, and “incorrigible Indo-Europeanism”. The paper presents some instances of correspondence disputes by V. Voloshinov and M. Bakhtin with A. Peshkovsky on the issues in relationship of grammar and stylistics. His opponents believed that “grammar detached from the semantic and stylistic side of speech inevitably degenerates into scholasticism”. Drawing on materials from archives and personal collection, the author of this paper gives unique facts of the lexicographical activity of A. Peshkovsky in the early 1920s related to his work on the explanatory dictionary of the Russian literary language (not published). The closing part of the paper analyses the dispute between L. Timofeev and A. Peshkovsky. It is stated that “the new theory of the rhythm of prose” by A. Peshkovsky and his works on psychophonetics caused an ambiguous reaction in the philological community and contributed to the activation of research seeking for a “system of division of prose into units” and other experiments on the study of literary texts. Consideration is also given to the works by A. Peshkovsky in the 1930s, in which the scientist solved new problems in the field of formal characteristics of words and word combinations, wrote about the functioning of literary speech as well as the role of intonation in the formation of the syntactic structure of the sentence. Emphasis is laid on the originality and experimental character of many theses by A. Peshkovsky further developed in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

ЭВФЕМИЗМЫ В ПРЕПОДАВАНИИ РУССКОГО КАК ИНОСТРАННОГО

Author(s): Zulfiya Şahin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 15/2017

The article is devoted to euphemisms of Russian language and their role in the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language. Orientation of modern teaching of Russian language as a foreign language on the speech competence implies not only formal mastering of the language grammar, but also mastery of lexico-semantic associations and specific layers of Russian vocabulary. Today, euphemisms, like a layer of specific vocabulary of the Russian language, are out of the spotlight of linguists involved in the methodology of Russian as a foreign language. The absence of such an important component of the modern communication as euphemisms in the presses of teaching Russian distances students from the ultimate goal of studying Russian as a foreign language - an equal participation in the communicative process with native speakers.The article focuses on the role of euphemisms in the formation of the speech competence of Turkish students studying Russian language. Along with this, in order to build competence of right interpretation of euphemisms among students studying Russian, an attempt was made to find a methodological approach to the explanation of the theme. The article includes an attempt of explanation of euphemisms from the structural approach.

Экклезионимы в памятниках древнерусской письменности

Author(s): Ludmila Sertaeva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2014

The article analyses Old Russian texts of XI - XVII centuries. It reveals what forms are taken by eccliseonims as a type of religious vocabulary in the process of functioning in written speech. The article also discusses the interaction of oral and written speech in the Middle Ages

Экономные, как немцы. Национальные стереотипы и их отражение в коннотациях этнонимов в русском и других языках

Author(s): Björn Hansen / Language(s): Russian / Issue: VIII/2006

The contribution deals with ethnonyms and their relationship to ethnic stereotypes withspecial focus on Russian and some other European languages. It addresses both methodologicaland theoretical questions. First, it advocates the use of large electronic corpora for the study ofstereotypical usages of ethnonyms and demonstrates how a corpus of linguistic data can enhancethe study of stereotypes encoded in linguistic structures. Second, it addresses the relationshipbetween mental stereotypes in the sense of Adam Schaff and semantic associations (connotations)encoded in polysemy, derivates and idiomatic expressions. It is argued that although many connotationsindeed do reflect ethnic stereotypes, we can find other cases where the connection is onlyindirect or has faded away completely. The author comes to the conclusion that notwithstandinga considerable overlap connotations and tereotypes are not identical and, therefore, should be keptapart.

Экспериментально-фонетическое иИсследование вокализма первого слога в ваховском диалекте хантыйского языка

Author(s): Polina I. Li / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 01 (32)/2019

This article presents the results of the experimental phonetic research of the vowels in the first syllable in the Vakh dialect of Khanty. The research was based on the field materials collected by the author in the village of Korliki (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug— Yugra). This material was then processed using the Praat speech analysis software. Qualitative and quantitative features of the processed vowel are cited.

Эмоционально-экспрессивные оттенки значений библейских фразеологизмов в российской литературе и публицистике

Author(s): Eugenia Maksimowicz / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 21/2017

Russian phraseology concentrates the huge opulence of linguistic devices, which shape the expressive and emotional nature of the language as well as influence its ethnic uniqueness. As components of the phraseological layer of the Russian language, idioms of biblical origin are marked emotionally, expressively and stylistically. These idioms reflect the world of human emotions and confirm the expressive potential of the language units. The emotional-expressive shades of meaning of the idioms of biblical genesis are extensively presented in different varieties of spoken language, literature and journalism.

Эпистолярность «Писем русского путешественника» Н. М. Карамзина

Author(s): Denise Atanaszova-Szokolova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1-4/2000

The aim of the article is to define the genre of Karamzin’s epistle and to point out its characteristics. The Karamzinian “mirror-metaphor” becomes distinct in the epistle. This metaphor depicts the peculiarities of relationship between European and Russian cultures. This is the metaphor of the so-called “empathic understanding” (Bakhtin) and watching yourself through someone else’s eyes. Letters describe the homogeneous European culture through various aspects: duality of space and time (the interrelated chronotopoi of “home” and “way”); the synthesis of public and personal (addressing not only friends, but readers also); the everyday life and the historical aspect; the simultaneity of the constructive elements of written and spoken language. Furthermore, it reflects the combination of the the conversation of the highly educated Russians of the late 18th century and extreme richness of the Russian language. This is a result of an orientation towards the contemporary Western European linguistic situation, which creates a new style of literary writing. Those ideas and tendencies appear for the first time in the epistle. Later it becomes the essence of Karamzin’s art, and influences the future literature and culture.

Эстетическая значимость цветообозначений красного тона в языковой картине мира А. Мицкевича

Author(s): Roza Alimpieva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: VIII/2003

Podjęty w niniejszym artykule opis poetyki Adama Mickiewicza opiera się na bogatym materiale zarówno w warstwie leksykalnej, jak i gramatycznej. Najbardziej ścisłe związki semantyczne określenia odcie­ nia czerwieni ujawniają się w mikropolu „człowiek” i jego segmentach „twarz”, „wargi” itd. Z nimi koreluje reprezentacja odcienia czerwieni jako koloru przedmiotów i zjawisk flory i fauny. Analiza pod tym kątem wykazała, że myślenie poetyckie Adama Mickiewicza o odcieniu czer­ wieni realizuje się w jego poetyce w ścisłym związku z innymi koloro­ wymi i niekolorowymi fragmentami tego systemu.

ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ИМЁН ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ В ЯЗЫКЕ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ ПРОЗЫ А.С. СЕРАФИМОВИЧА

Author(s): Kamily Eduardovna Sadrieva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2015

The paper analyzes the aesthetic meaning of adjectives in A.S. Serafimovich’s prose. The most typical groups of adjectives are singled out based on their semantic and functional features, which are analyzed considering the main idea and problems of the prose works, as well as the author’s view of the world. Special attention is paid to the syntagmatic relations between adjectives and dependent nouns. The influence of a particular linguistic context on the semantic and emotional contents of adjectives is investigated. The semantic relations between parts of complex words are discussed. Occasionalisms used by A.S. Serafimovich are distinguished.

ЭТНОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ФИТОНИМОВ С КОМПОНЕНТОМ КУРИЦА/HUHN В РУССКОМ И НЕМЕЦКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

Author(s): Elizabeta Jurievna Moiseeva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2015

This paper is the first to comparatively analyze Russian and German plant names derived from the noun курица/Huhn. The analysis is based on studying the nominational features of plant names and involves the ethnocultural data on 56 plant names derived from the Russian noun курица and 124 phytonyms with the German component Huhn. The nominational features of Russian and German plant names have proven to be generally quite similar to some peculiar motivations. The ethnocultural idea of hen as a symbol of feminine and fertility is also expressed by the analyzed plant names in both Russian and German languages. A number of Russian and German phytonyms should be recognized as corrupt or reanalyzed forms. The reasons for their motivational uncertainty could vary from changes in the folk etymology up to mistakes made by the authors of botanical dictionaries. The nominational features of some plant names need further studying.

Этнонимы в русских и польских лексикографических работах

Author(s): Leonarda Dacewicz / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 14/2014

Comparative analysis of Russian and Polish ethnonyms shows both similarities and distinctions of lexical strata in these cognate Slavic languages. One of the reasons of discrepancy in Russian and Polish ethnonymical vocabularies is different suffixes, which are used in ethnonyms formation. The most productive suffix in Russian is -ец, in Polish – -czyk. There are ethnonyms in the dictionaries of the Russian language but there are not ones in the dictionaries of the Polish language (for instance, Słownik języka polskiego, red. M. Szymczak). There are three grammatical forms of Russian ethnonyms (forms of masculine and feminine gender and the plural form) and two forms of Polish equivalents (only the forms of masculine and feminine gender) in Russian-Polish Dictionaries. It is difficult to form the plural of less known Polish ethnonyms. One have to find these forms in special dictionaries (Słownik nazw własnych).

Юбилейно за Синтия Вакарелийска

Author(s): Slavka Keremidchieva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 23/2011

Южнославянские влияния в украинском диалекте с. Булаешты (зона Орхейских Кодр) и проблема их интерпретации

Author(s): Aleksey A. Romanchuk / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2009

The paper presents some results of ethnographical and linguistic investigations, which have been held since 2004 in micro zone Bulaeshty-Lopatna-Myrzachy (R. Moldova, Orhei dis.) by «Fun Anthropology» Research Center. The main conclusions are that the Bulaesty language is closely connected with some dialects of Ukrainian language from the Carpathian region. There are strong differences between these dialects and Bulaesty dialect as well. These differences show that relations between them disappeared not later than at the beginning of 16th century. On the other hand, we find some influences from the South Slavic languages in Bulaesty dialect which do not exist in Romanian language and some other Ukrainian dialects. So, the author suggests that the only interpretation of this fact is that these influences had their effect before the appearance of medieval Moldavian state. And we should consider that this Bulaesty population is connected by origin with some pre-Moldavian population of this region.

ЯВИЩЕ МОВНОЇ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ: ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКІ ПІДХОДИ, СПЕЦИФІКА ТРАКТУВАННЯ, ПРИЧИНИ

Author(s): Halyna Namachynska / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 6/2018

The changes caused by the development of technical, economic and political cooperation between the world cultural relations reflect active contacts of languages. As a result of these contacts borrowings appear. There is a need to explore in details the phenomenon of a verbal interaction, to consider the specific interpretation of the terms and describe the reasons for borrowing. This problem is analyzed in the article.

Явление калькирования в польском говоре жителей деревни Веpшина в Сибири

Author(s): Emilia Doroszko / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2016

Vershina is a Polish village in Siberia inhabited by Polish settlers who moved there of their own volition. The migration was a result of attempt of improving the economic standards of their living. As they reach the territory of the Russian nation, Polish settlers started the process of gradual language assimilation. As a result, they create a unique Polish dialect that is used up to nowadays. Polish dialect contains linguistic calques, borrowings, hybrids and more examples of linguistic interference. The article presents the topic of linguistic calques, grouping them into five groups (structural, semantic, phraseological, morphological and syntactical) and gives examples of each of the group. It shows how big is the influence of the Russian language on the Polish dialect.

Язык и диалект

Author(s): Gergely Benedek / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1-3/2003

The paper examines the Rusyn dialect spoken in the village of Komlóska and the surrounding region in Hungary. The ancestors of this Unitarian population moved to this area from the Counties of Sáros and Zemplén (present-day north-east Slovakia) and the northern part of the Carpathian territory (the historical Galicia) in the 17th century. This dialect shows a large number of common properties with the Subcarpathian East Slavic dialect and the Ukrainian language. Rusyns living in a Slovak as well as Hungarian ethnic and linguistic environment have been isolated from the Ukrainian lands for nearly a thousand years. As a consequence, over the centuries their dialect has obtained some specific features absent from other Slavonic dialects and languages. Literary works and a monthly newspaper in Budapest keep being published in this Rusyn dialect. Inhabitants of Komlóska are taught their mother tongue as an optional subject at school. Therefore, this Rusyn dialect can be considered a “microlanguage” used both in spoken and written form.

Язык и концептуальные формы русской ментальности

Author(s): Marina Vasilievna Pimenova / Language(s): Russian / Publication Year: 0

The report focuses on the main conceptual forms Russian mentality, among which researchers have identified mentalization, ideation and identification. The main aim of this work is to present the specifics of these types of mentality, manifested in linguistic (mainly lexical and semantic) level. Changing forms of mentality is reflected, including, in the shift rod / key tropes (metonymy – metaphor – hyperons), types of oppositions (ekvivalentnye – gradualness – privative opposition), the forms of artistic perspective (return – direct perspective), text units (formula syntagm – word forms), kinds of letter/font (сharter – semi-uncial – cursive), rhetorical styles (high – low – average), etc. The author believes that the basis of the changes / development of linguistic categories and units of the lexical-semantic layer is the semantic syncretism as a manifestation of formal and substantive linguistic asymmetry, and its transformation at various linguistic levels in a particular period in the history of the language.

ЯЗЫК И СТИЛЬ СЛОВА «O ЗАКОНЕ И БЛАГОДАТИ»

Author(s): Giorgio Ziffer / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2013

The author treats the “literary artistry” of the work written in the earliest period of Old East Slavic literature. At a linguistic level, the author analyzes certain lexical phenomena and points out that the lexical units used in the monument is not fully presented in the dictionaries of Old East Slavic. From a stylistic standpoint, particular attention is devoted to diverse figures of repetition and, in a broader perspective, to biblical rhetoric. Linguistic and stylistic phenomena are considered using different copies. The author also emphasizes the need for a simultaneous examination of both the language and style of the work and the philological aspects of its entire manuscript tradition.

Язык русского зарубежья: Общие процессы и речевые портреты. Отв. ред. Е. А. Земская. Языки славянской культуры

Author(s): Nikolaj Savickij / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2007

Review of: "Language of the Russian Abroad: General processes and speech portraits." Otv. Ed. E. A. Zemskaya. Languages of Slavic culture - Wiener Slawistischer Almanach. Moscow - Vienna 2001. 496 p., Ill. by: Nikolaj P. Savickij

Язык старообрядческой публицистики XIX века: попытка характеристики явления

Author(s): Helena Pociechina / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 162/2018

The article is the first attempt at characterizing journalistic Old Believers’ texts from the 19th century from the linguistic perspective. The research focused on the works of Konstantin Golubov published in the years 1864–1866 in the journal ‘Istina’. The academic problem consists here in the fact that the Russian language of modern Old Believers’ texts is not generally extensively analyzed. Additionally, because of the specificity of these texts, this language cannot be analyzed in line with modern stylistic criteria. At first glance, it seems obvious that they were written in an informal variety of Russian. What is more, it is necessary to refer to Old Church Slavonic elements which determine the specificity of these texts, as well as analyzing borrowings from the literary Russian language.