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This paper is a presentation of all existing results of research made in Slovak hydronomastics and an introduction of the project Hydronymia Slovaciae – the project aiming at gradual processing of all Slovak river basins. The author of this study outlines the main foundation for building the entry, the notation of hydrographical zoning and the notation of hydrographic zoning of water drains. At the end of his paper he outlines some other possible pointings of Slovak hydronomastics.
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The study introduces Slovak as a differentiated national language that according to ethnolinguistic and area characteristics belongs to Central European language union. Besides the specifications of linguocultural connections and historical context the study focuses mainly on the review of current tendencies of the description of Slovak in relation to European language policies. It is centered on the outline of the language situation with emphasis on typological peculiarities of Slovak and its sociolinguistic strategy, as well as mutual traits that it shares with the contact languages in the Central European language area.
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Pragmatonyms constitute a specific class of one of three onymic groups, chrematonyms. They are defined as proper names of serially produced products, closely connected with human productive activity. Although we classify them as proper names, their nature is rather appellative. Pragmatonyms represent a not much investigated field, which disposes of plenty of stimuli for scientific research not only in the field of onomastics. Our observational priority was the attempt at providing complex analysis of formation of pragmatonyms in dairy industry. We focused our attention to the formation of extra-linguistic (motivation models) and linguistic (structure models) features of pragmatonyms.
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Our approach is focused particularly on the specific aspects of the Slovak adjective that may seem difficult to assimilate and use by the Romanian students. Based on our teaching experience, our paper is intended to help the Romanian students studying Slovak better understand and use the Slovak adjectives and also the Romanian linguists that are interested in the Slavic area, mostly the specialists in Comparative Linguistics, who do not have access to the Slovak language-specific grammatical information.
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The description of syntactic level in a newly prepared grammar is based on the valency-oriented syntax. With regard to the needs of school practice we recommend preservation of „traditional“ terms for positions in a sentence pattern. While classifying the positions, it is necessary to observe following criteria: the position is/is not part of basal sentence structure, it occupies/does not occupy micro-valency or macro-valency positions, it has/does not have governed case form, it is/is not part of a nominal phrase.
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This paper is an attempt of a cultural analysis of the Slovak – Czech contact with regard to the effects of the coexistence of these near cognate languages. The effects arose from the fundamental contradictory attitudes of the Slovaks to the Czech resulting from the historical circumstances of the coexistence of these ethnic collectives. The Czech was used by the Slovaks some centuries as their cultural language and at the same time the Slovaks perceived this language as the „counterpoint "of the identification of their own Standard language. This results in attitudes which are opposed to the Czech which manifest themselves e. g. as the contrast between the behavioral culture and the culture of the language reflection. The paper deals with the question how is the Slovak language milieu tinged with the contradictory effects.
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In the context of Slovak-Hungarian bilingualism in a territory inhabited by many different ethnic groups our study is based on the research of verbal communication between two main groups - the indigenous inhabitants of Velky Krtis district and the immigrants. For the purpose of this survey we divided them into several target groups according to their age, education and social status. The paper tries to explain the methodological and technical questions of unprepared and spontaneous verbal message in everyday communication. Without intending to perform a systemic and structural analysis of the bilingual verbal communication, or to explain the questions of intra-lingual and inter-lingual communication in terms of the description of various transference phenomena, we express our opinion on the general characteristics of the Slovak-Hungarian bilingual speakers in the Veľký Krtíš district, their classification into particular groups according to different types of bilingualism, and the bilingual family types identified in the district.
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Die Autorin veröffentlicht in diesem Essay Details aus dem soziolinguistischem Programm, welches vom Forschungsinstitut der Ungarn-Slowaken zwischen 2002-2007 durchgeführt worden ist. Auf Grund der Forschungsergebnisse können wir feststellen, dass für die Situation der Benutzung der slowakischen Sprache eine Bewegung typisch ist, die in zwei Richtungen verläuft: Eine Entwicklung und eine Zurückentwicklung. Die Sprache drückt sich stufensweise sowohl in der Privatsphäre als auch im kirchlichen Leben in den Hintergrund. Obwohl man im letzten Fall eine Bewegung in postive Richtung feststellen kann – dank der Initiative und der moralischen und finanziellen Unterstützung der Staatlichen Slowakischen Verwaltung und der Zusammenarbeit der ungarischen und slowakischen evangelischen und katholischen Kirche. In den letzten Jahren werden die Messen und Gottesdienste in slowakischer Sprache gehalten. In der hohen Kultur verbreitet sich die Benutzung der slowakischen Sprache immer mehr, und sie erscheint auch in „alt-neuen” Sprachsituationen: in den Medien, in der Wissenschaft, in der Kultur, im Handel, in der Politik und in der Verwaltung. Die gesellschaftlichen Sphären der Sprachbenutzung funktionieren immer regelmäßiger und besser. Auf der anderen Seite kann aber eine Dynamik der Zweisprachigkeit festgestellt werden, für die eine sinkende slowakische und steigende ungarische Sprachkompetenz typisch ist, die über Generationen bemerkbar ist. Als Pespektive für die Hoffnung zur Verlangsamung der sprachlichen Assimilation und des Erhaltens der slowakischen Sprache kann geben, dass es Faktoren zur Aufbewahrung der Sprache existieren und immer effektiver wirken: die Schulen, die Verwaltungen, die Zivilorganisationen, das Theater, die Medien, die kulturellen und Fachinstitutionen.
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Scientific Life: Silvia Niţă-Armaş la 80 de ani (Dagmar Maria Anoca)
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Scientific Life: Dr. Docent Jiři Felix, profesor Honoris Causa al Universităţii din Bucureşti, la cei 80 de ani ai săi (Teodora Alexandra)
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Scientific Life: Anii profesorului Mitu petrecuţi la Cracovia (Joanna Porawska)
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Scientific Life: Alexandra Toader la 80 de ani (Anca Irina Ionescu)
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Scientific Life: Maria Vîrcioroveanu la 80 de ani (Constantin Geambaşu)
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Conference-Report: A treia Conferinţă internaţională „Receptarea literaturii polone în lume”, Cieszyn, 2009 (Constantin Geambaşu)
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В данной статье авторы кратко рассматривают историю становления брненской славистики, которая развивалась как на философском факультете, так и в секторе этимологии Славянского института Чехословацкой академии наук (в настоящее время это отдел этимологии Института чешского языка Академии наук Чешской Республики). Подробно представлена деятельность брненского отдела этимологии со времени его основания в 1952 году (в чем заслуга знаменитого чешского этимолога, слависта, балтиста и индоевропеиста Вацлава Махека), по настоящее время. Особое внимание уделяется Этимологическому словарю старославянского языка, истории его возникновения, структуре и особенностям его статей. Кроме того, авторы статьи комментируют другие виды деятельности брненского отдела этимологии: публикации в рамках серии Studia etymologica Brunensia, организацию международных научных конференций Etymologické symposion Brno и др.
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In this article we focused on the contrastive description of the Slovak and Romanian nouns, on the linguistic interferences that may arise with the Romanian students studying Slovak and on those problematic aspects related to Slovak nouns' teaching. Given the fact that the Romanian students have no linguistic intuition of the grammatical gender of the Slovak nouns, there should be a specific teaching strategy, where the lack of a specifically Slavic linguistic intuition is made up with grammatical rules, focusing on homonymous forms meant to facilitate the assimilation of the morphological paradigmatic patterns. The determinants, the verbal participle ending in -l, the phonetic formal criterion contributing to the grammatical gender identification, the so-called "Locative case test", the subcategorial semes, as well as any analogies with the Romanian nouns contribute to the assimilation and proper use of the Slovak nouns.
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The analysis of tendencies in transformation of Slovak onymia after the year 1989 resulted into profiling the field of onymia’s tendencies – pluralization – globalization – nationalisation – internationalisation, which in cooperation influenced the changes in Slovak onymia after the year 1989.
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Conference-Report: Al II-lea Congres internaţional al traducătorilor de limbă polonă (Constantin Geambaşu,)
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In unserem Beitrag haben wir einige Erscheinungen, sogenannte Schwankungen in der Deklination der Feminina im Rahmen der geschriebenen tschechischen Schriftsprache verfolgt. Ausgehend vom Material des Korpus SYN2000, der 100 Millionen Wortformen beinhaltet und Bestandteil des Tschechischen nationalen Korpus ist, konzentrierten wir uns insbesondere auf den Übergang der Feminina zwischen den Musterwörtern kost und píseň bei Appellativa und Nomina Propria. Wir beschrieben die Existenz von Endungsvarianten dieser Feminina, haben uns bemüht, so viele wie mögliche Faktoren aufzudecken, die die Wahl der Endungen beeinflussen und zeigten schließlich die Dynamik der weiteren Entwicklung auf.
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