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Estonian–Slavic lexicography has a long tradition and is rich in achievements. In total, more than 120 Russian–Estonian and Estonian–Russian lexicographic manuals were released in the form of phrasebooks and printed or online dictionaries. Estonian–Polish lexicography is represented by several phrasebooks and pocket-size dictionaries. For the Estonian and Czech languages, there is only one dictionary and a phrasebook. Recently, a few projects have appeared for the production of the Estonian–Ukrainian, Estonian–Bulgarian, and Bulgarian– Estonian dictionaries but none of them have yet been completed. For other Slavic languages, no compilation of bilingual dictionaries is conducted.
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Review on: О. Г. Рубцова, Названия лекарственных растений в разноструктурных языках (на материале русского, марийского, немецкого и латинского языков). Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата филологических наук, Чебоксары 2015
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The border discussed was first defined as a result of the Russian-Swedish negotiations in Oreshek leading to the Orehovets Peace Treaty signed on August 12, 1323. While working in the State Archives of Sweden, we came across a description of the Russian-Swedish border, which has not been mentioned by J. Gallén, O. S. Rydberg, I. S. Šaskolskij, J. Jaakkola in their study of the texts on the Russian-Swedish border. The source dates back to 1545. As a result of comparing the text of this document with other texts of the Treaty dated 1323, 1537 and 1595, the author comes to the conclusion that the text of 1545 contains many Finnish place-names recurring in the Treaty of 1595, which was signed between Sweden and Muscovy 50 years later.
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The article deals with the history and language of the Mari settlers in Siberia who arrived in the Tomsk province in the early 20th century. Тwo expeditions from Yoshkar-Ola were organized in 1969 and 1975 to study their folklore, language and music. In the article the collection of Tomsk materials kept in the archive of the Mari Research Institute of Language, Literature and History has been described, some characteristic features of the Mari dialect of Tomsk have been noted and several texts have been published.
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The studying of dialectal features by the methods of linguistic geography to enable a better description of the dialects and subdialects of the Mordvin (Moksha and Erzya) languages is one of the relevant objectives of Mordvin and Finno-Ugric linguistics. The importance of the problem is defined by the specificity and insufficient study of the research materials, as well as by the necessity to emphasize the originality of the Moksha language. This article considers not only the definite declension of nouns, but also the use of variant morphemes and their isoglosses in Moksha dialects. The absence of a single system, resulting in a diversity of case forms, is indicative of the incompleteness of the formation process of the definite declension.
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As it is generally accepted by main researchers in the field of Slavic loanwords of the Hungarian language, practically no East Slavic influence can be detected on the oldest layer of the Slavic borrowings. New etymologies established in some cases reflect East Slavic pleophony, and the analysis of well-known Slavic loanwords with TorT, TolT, TerT, TelT can give a new look at the whole body of Slavic borrowings. Pleophony seems one of the main criteria to establish an opposition between East Slavic loanwords on the one hand and South and West Slavic borrowings on the other. The material of our research requires a new classification in the corpus of Slavic loanwords in Hungarian.
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The fact that the Erzyans in the Novaja Malykla district of Ul'janovsk Oblast have lived in isolation from the majority of the Erzya people has helped them to retain many archaic parent-language phenomena as well as develop some innovations in the lexical, phonetic and grammatical systems of the dialects. The article provides a detailed description of the paradigms of the definite declension singular in the dialects under study. The dialect materials for the study have been collected by the authors during linguistic expeditions. They show differences from the respective paradigms of the literary language as well as from many other Erzya dialects. It was found that the definite morpheme in the singular paradigm is the morpheme -ś/-ź. The formal structure of the definite declension singular is identical to the structure of the respective plural forms: base + definite morpheme -ś/-ź + case suffix. The order of morphemes in the dialects under study is the most consistent as compared to the respective word forms of the Erzya literary language and other Erzya dialects. The archaic phenomena testify to the survival of some proto-Mordvin suffixes in spoken Erzya.
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This essay compares the sources and periods of the history of Hungarian and Russian literary translations. It also discusses the role of the German translation theory and juxtaposes the activity of the most important Hungarian and Russian translators.
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In the Udmurt language kurekton ’grief, suffering, sadness’ refers to one of the basic emotion concepts reflected in the language and folklore. The lexeme has a range of synonyms, which proves the importance and significance of it in the language. Many of the synonyms are compound words, in some cases the roots reiterate or specify the meaning of the compounds. Etymologically the lexemes belong either to the native vocabulary of Finno-Ugric origin or to loan-words. The synonyms differ from the dominant word semantically as well as stylistically and reflect the aspects of the reality seen as important to comprehend.
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Review on: Р. П. Попова, С. А. Сажина, Фонетические и морфологические особенности коми диалектов (сравнительный аспект исследования). Монография, Сыктывкар 2014
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The article compares the diachronic development of the semantics of Proto-Uralic *pesa ’nest’, Permian *poz id. > Komi поз id., Udm. пуз ’egg’) The study shows that the word has undergone the greatest semantic change in the Komi-Zyryan dialects and literary language where the lexeme has gradually grammaticalized into a suffixoid. This morpheme is used in an emotive lexical subsystem, forming mostly pejoratives, for example, дышпоз ’sloth, lazybones’.
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This article is devoted to the description and definition of the specific grammatical categories of the verb in the Upper Kama dialect of the Komi-Permyak language. The work reveals the reasons behind the changes in the formation and distribution of the morphological units that make up the categories of person, number, tense, mood, aspect and voice.
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The article is devoted to the contribution of the scientists of the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences to language planning during the revitalization of the Karelian script. Their work in the field of practical lexicography and language norming, especially the spelling rules, the expert activity of the researchers and their recommendations to solve the most problematic issues of language policy are analyzed.
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Many languages (including Komi) make a clear opposition between the following two concepts 1. ’house as a structure, building, construction’ and 2. ’house as a home, the home of a man’, which is lexically manifested in the existence of separate words with different roots to express those concepts. In the Komi language the pair is kerka — gort. The phenomenon is also typical of the closely related Udmurt language as well as of several Finno-Ugric, Samoyedic and some other languages. The present article analyses the semantics of Komi kerka, Udmurt korka and Komi gort, Udmurt gurt compared with the situation in other Uralic languages and beyond.
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In this paper, the author investigates the oldest Slavic borrowings to Hungarian with regard to the reconstruction of the dialectal landscape of Slavic in the Carpathian Basin at the time when the Hungarian tribes arrived here at the end of the 9th century. According to some phonetic criteria, it seems that the Hungarians found two main Slavic dialects in their new homeland: the Pannonian Slavic with mixed West and South Slavic features and the Bulgarian Slavic.
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A special part of the lexicon of each language is formed by proper names that became common words, i.e. eponyms. The aim of this study is the presentation of eponyms that derive from the names of famous heroes in literature. These heroes usually have some characteristic attributes or accomplished a special deed, and the words deriving from their names symbolise the given attribute or deed.
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The paper explores some event-structural characteristics of the iterative in Tundra Nenets and establishes a number of generalizations about its argument structure and telicity. The essential properties of an eventuality description derived by the iterative are to a large extent predictable. In terms of eventuality type, the iterative falls into four classes generated by two binary parameters, transitivity and availability of the reflexive conjugation. Besides, any iterative can occur in the subjective conjugation and describe an atelic, non-culminating eventuality. The argument structures of non-derived verbs and the corresponding iteratives are connected by the following generalization: If the lexical meaning of a non-derived verb specifies the descriptive properties of a subevent thematically related to the external argument, it is this argument that projects as the sentential subject of the iterative. Otherwise the internal argument is projected.
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