Moters socialiniai vaidmenys privačiame diskurse: Zofijos Kriaučiūnienės laiškai Mailai Talvio

Author(s): Žydronė Kolevinskienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 2/2016

The article discusses the letters of Zofija Kriaučiūnienė (1846-1912) written in 1894-1909 to the Finnish writer, Maila Talvio-Mikkola (1871-1951), translated into the Lithuanian and published in the book, Nemuno krašto aidai: laiškai Mailai ir Josepiui Mikoloms (The Echoes of Nemunas Land: Letters to Maila and Jooseppi Julius Mikkola; 1996). The correspondence shows the field where women act by combining both public and private spheres and when a little story is incorporated into the grand narrative of a nation and homeland. The main focus of the article is on women’s social roles being constructed in the process of formation of national identity. It notes that in comparison to other letters written by educated women (such as Marta Zauniūtė and Liudvika Didžiulienė) of that time, Kriaučiūnienė’s letters stand out for its full elimination of feelings towards her husband Petras Kriaučiūnas, teacher, book smuggler and active member of Lithuanian national revival movement. The article also observes that the rhetoric of motherly concern, strongly suggested by Lithuanian intelligentsia at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th centuries, was present not only in private but also in public sphere of a woman’s life and that mother’s archetype became essential in forming a new woman social model in the history of national revival. The conclusion is made that in literature and cultural history, Lithuanian women of education remained only wives (daughters, daughters-in-law, or sisters) of the activists of the national movement. Although they were the real engines of cultural life of that time, women stayed on the margins of the fight for Lithuanian identity.

Motiejaus Gustaičio Kûrybinis Palikimas

Author(s): Algimantas Liekis / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 59/2009

Priest, poet and pedagogue Motiejus Gustaitis (1870.02.27. - 1927.12.24.) is among most prominent persons who revived Lithuanian national self-consciousness at the beginning of the 20th century. He graduated from the gymnasium in Marijampolë and Seinai Priest Seminary. M. Gustaitis was one of the best educated priests and intellectuals in Lithuania. After graduating from the seminary, he studied literature and philosophy in Freeburg (Switzerland), music in Rogensburg, Canon Law in Jesuit St. Apolinar University in Rome. After returning to Freeburg in 1903, he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic of A. Mickevièius’s (A. Mickiewicz) poetry. Having come back to Lithuania, he worked as a chaplain in Marijampolë, Seinai, and its Lazdijai gymnasia, as a teacher and director. During World War I, he was concerned with the teaching of children of Lithuanian deportees in Russia. Throughout this time, he also wrote copiously to reestablish independent Lithuania and published his poetry. The attempt to publish in 1940 a collection of his poetry was not successful. The Soviets broke into the Sakalas Printing House in Kaunas and burnt the collection of poems, which was almost ready for print. Only one or two copies were saved by a worker who passed the copies to M. Gustaitis’ grandson, Algirdas Gustaitis, who in turn rescued a copy during the years of deportation and gave it to the present author in Los Angeles, USA. The present author published that collection as a separate book “ Motiejus Gustaitis - Priest, Poet, Teacher” (V. 2008. 406 p.), now available for the broad circle of readers. The article not only elucidates succinctly the history of that book, but also presents the life of M. Gustaitis and gives an evaluation of the importance of his creative heritage for the present-day life.

Motiejaus Valančiaus draudimas perspausdinti Bromą (1864)

Author(s): Mikas Vaicekauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 07/2005

Lietuviu literatûros istoriografijoje dažnai kartojama, kad vyskupas Motiejus III Valanèius (1801-1875) 1864 metais uždraudë Mykolo Olševskio (apie 1712-apie 1779) knygà Broma atverta ing vieènastá, nedavæs jai aprobatos. Kartu prisimenama ir neigiama Valanèiaus nuomonë apie šià knygà iš Þemaièiu vyskupystës. Apie aprobatos nedavimà Bromai spaudoje jau buvo užsiminta, kalbant apie paskutiniàjà Valanèiaus knygà, taèiau nebuvo atkreiptas specialus dëmesys, nesiekta apžvelgti kalbamojo klausimo istoriografijos, taip pat nebuvo publikuoti su šiuo klausimu susijæ dokumentai bei ju vertimai. Toliau šiame tekste ir paþiûrësime, kaip lietuviu literatûros istorikai vertina šiuos faktus ir ar taip jau iš tikruju Valanèius ir uþdraud ë Bromà?

NAUJA MOKSLINĖ MONOGRAFIJA APIE LIETUVOS KLASIKĖS JUDITOS VAIČIŪNAITĖS POEZIJOS VERTIMUS IR JŲ RECEPCIJĄ

Author(s): Eglė Keturakienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 33(38)/2018

Review of: BERNOTIENĖ, G., 2016. "Apie žodžių sandūros tikslumą: Juditos Vaičiūnaitės lyrikos vertimai ir vertinimai."; Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas. 256 p. by: Eglė Keturakienė

Neblėstantis meilės erosas naujausioje Kornelijaus Platelio poezijoje

Author(s): Dalia Jakaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 1/2019

The object of this article is the eros of love in the latest poetry by K. Platelis: books Palimpsestai (2004) and Įtrūkusios mėnesienos (2018). Theoretical-methodological scope – phenomenology; the main references – M. Merleau‑Ponty and E. Levinas. The phenomenology, reflecting eros subjectivity, corporeality, time and space, allows for more actualization and understanding of the phenomenon of the eros of love. It suggests new categories through which individual and subjective poetic meanings come through. Love and its eros is one of the dominants in works of poets of K. Platelis’ generation. This phenomenon, related not only to the experiences of love, but also to the experiences of death, encompassing not only individuals, but also things, in works of this author gets into the complex cultural, historical, mythological context, grows out of this context and gives it a distinct poetic form. The hunger of eros (eros as a hunger), set up at the beginning of the article, and its analysis allow a better understanding of the otherness of mythopoetic transformations typical to K. Platelis’ poetry, as well as the dynamics of the eros of love and death, the interaction of eros of different times, reality and its simulation, the connection between passion and the world of things. Time, as one of the most important phenomena in the eros world, makes it possible to feel the particular dynamics of eros, a certain rhythm based on contradictions and ambiguities, and refers to the dynamics of the roles of different subjects in the eros situation. One of the main phenomena in the latest poetry is the middle aged eros, characterized by the autoironic rehabilitation of eros. Poems of Platelis have a distinctly erotic space. From the wide spectrum of the spatial eros imagination, it is worth highlighting its cultural aspect. It is necessary for identifying intersubjective relations, emotional and material experiences of eros. The eros, arising from the subjective observation of space and its objects, is characterized by the tension of a real and simulated world, metaphysical and concrete physical reality.

Nei Sava, Nei Kita: Nulinė Tapatybė Šiuolaikinių Baltų (E)Migrantų Literatūroje

Author(s): Laura Laurušaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 94/2018

Using imagology as a representational strategy, the article focuses on the unique potential of the 21st century Lithuanian and Latvian émigré literature to provide an overview of the images that encode the contemporary dislocated identity. The introductory part traces an epistemological shift from the hybrid identity, common to the Baltic post-war émigrés, towards the zero identity, imanent to contemporary emigrants. The analytical part examines undefined states of the emigrants, such as being in mental and social limbo, lack of any attachment and holistic anonimity. Applying broad metaphors saturated with imagological content, Lithuanian and Latvian émigré writers document constant tension between the subject’s inner “self”, the physical body and its visible representation. Having analysed the multitude of literary images encoding intermediate states and/or distorted reality (airport, suitcase, mirror, computer screen, mask, fake passport) and manifestations of social unattachment (freeganism, squatting, excessive drinking as an identity-erasing practice) the conclusion is drawn that zeroness is a permanent and fundamental state defining the identity of the contemporary Baltic emigrants.

Neįgalaus kūno asmens tapatybės kaita XX amžiaus pirmoje pusėje: Prano Daunio Vargo keliais. Atsiminimai iš kovų dėl nepriklausomybės ir aklųjų gyvenimo

Author(s): Aistė Birgerytė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 6/2006

The article introduces the first autobiography of the disabled in the 20th century Lithuanian literature – the memoirs of Pranas Daunys – On the Roads of Misery / Memories from the Battles for Independence and the Life of the Blind. In the context of the disability body studies, the article discusses different levels in the formation of the corporal identity of the blind person. The study emphasizes the importance of cultural space to the identity of the blind, which is related to the Braille. The article explains the integrity dimension of the blind person’s identity, which mergers different experiences of personal life (the experience of eye trauma during the war and the memories of patriotic feelings), which are equally important to the personal identity. The research deals with the corporal and sensual self-perception of the blind, which is closely related to the social and public emancipation, changing the lines of national identity.

Nežinomas Zavadzkio spaustuvės leidinukas kirilikos raidėmis (1887)

Author(s): Giedrius Subačius / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 12/2010

In 1887, Zavadzkis' publishing house in vilnius was setting up to publish a Lithuanian brochure in Cyrillic letters. It contained two parts: 1) Ivan Pososhkov's testament to soldiers ("Fatherly Testament to a Russian Soldier [From the Testament of a Peasant, Jonas Posoškovas]"; p. 1-5) and 2) ("Holiday Calendar for a Whole Year"; p. 6-8). On September 10, 1887 it received the approval of Vilnius censor, Petr levitskii. Such a publication, however, is not known now. Perhaps it was never actually published. We are aware of it from the typographic prints intended for the proof that I have discovered in the Russian State Historical Archive in Saint Petersburg (^. 1284, on. 190, g. 83d, a. 111r-114v).

O kilku zapomnianych pomysłach literackich Karoliny z Hołowniów Swarackiej (1815–1846)

Author(s): Maria Berkan-Jabłońska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2013

This article discusses the three stories of Carolina Swaracka, the Romantic Lithuanian writer, forgotten these days. Her debut in “Atheneum” in 1843 is owed to Joseph Ignacy Kraszewski, who recognized her attempts as worthy and interesting. In novels such as The Theatre of the Small Village or The Dreams and Reality Swaracka raises the problem of the new aspirations of women and shows the various responses of the environment on their emancipationist efforts. She also draws attention to the difficulties in defining new needs and ways of social existence by the women themselves. In another novel titled Converted Woman Swaracka describes the unconventional feeling between the Jewish girl and the young nobleman. The author emphasizes not only the force of stereotypes in society but also the impact of such stereotypes on the love of the young couple. A few years later Kraszewski wrote the similar story probably inspired by Swaracka’s concept. Although the heroines created by Swaracka are not artistically perfect, they have a lot of modern features which can be surprisingly appealing for the contemporary reader.

O текстологии рукописных китабов литовских татар: легенда Мирадж

Author(s): Galina Miškinienė / Language(s): Russian / Issue: -/2013

In the initial period of the Lithuanian Tatar Kitab study, there prevailed the opinion that these Slavic manuscripts of the Muslim content, written in Arabic script, contain texts which are being repeated from one manuscript to another. When the number of Kitabs was transliterated, scientists became convinced in the opposite: the significant part of texts was unique and was not found in other catalogues. Only several manuscript collections could be named as being identical in their composition (however, this topic demands an individual study). The textual study of Tatar manuscripts became attainable after the publication of the “A Catalogue of Lithuanian Tatar Manuscripts Written in Arabic Script,” where attention was focused on the description of the content of these written monuments (rather than graphic-orthographic features). It had rarely been done before in specific works on kitabistics. The classical method of textual criticism, which assumes to identify various lists of the same piece and then to compare their content and linguistic expression, to the texts of the Tatar Kitab for the first time was used in this topic. The Miraj legend was chosen as the matter. This legend used to be very popular among Lithuanian Tatars. The legend was attainable for us in eight catalogs. The report consistently presents the origin of manuscripts, the textual environment of the legend in different manuscripts, the structure of the legend, and analysis of the text. In this phase of the study, we are going to focus only on the Slavic part of the legend (i.e. the interlinear translation). In the future, we plan to analyze the old Ottoman part.

Objektyvumo ir subjektyvumo santykis Gabrielės Petkevičaitės moraliniuose svarstymuose Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metu

Author(s): Skaistė Barkutė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 32 (37)/2017

It is considered that conscience embraces dialectic relation between objectivity and subjectivity. The conviction of an individual conscience is mere subjective conviction so it should satisfy objective moral norms. This article discusses how conscience, as the source of inward responsibility, and objective order of moral rules correlate between each other. Wartime is the limitary situation when the conflict between subjective convictions and objective occasions comes out dramatically clear. In the article it is made attempt to assess how the Lithuanian writer Gabrielė Petkevičaitė authorizes her understanding of right and justice during World War I even if it does not satisfy requirements of objective good. G. Petkevičaitė wrote all reflections of her experience in the diary named Karo meto dienoraštis (The Wartime Diary) in 1914–1919. There is presented Lithuanian writer’s attitude towards prevailing opinion that some of the unwarrantable (sometimes even criminal) actions and behavior are justifiable during such hard limitary times. The texts of the diary reveal the fact that, despite complicated situations, the Lithuanian writer remained true-hearted to humanism ideals and the truth.

Od redakcji

Author(s): Weronika Kostecka,Maciej Skowera / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2019

Odkrycie „polifonicznego” Wilna. Mindaugas Kvietkauskas o dwudziestowiecznym początku wileńskiej literatury

Author(s): Tadeusz Bujnicki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 20/2014

The author of the review describes Mindaugas Kvietkauskas’ Literature’s polyphony in Vilnius in early stage of modernism in years 1904–1915 paying particular attention to the original and innovative form of interpretation of cross-cultural relationships shaping the multilingual literature of Vilnius at the beginning of the 20th century. Kvietkauskas reaches for texts written in five languages (Lithuanian, Polish, Yiddish, Belarussian and Russian) and argues with the existing approaches by exposing the ethnical individuality of each national literature and undermines the picture of Vilnius at the beginning of the 20th century as being centred around polishness only.

Ona Kažukauskaitė (reng.). Lauryno Ivinskio lenkų-lietuvių kalbų žodynas

Author(s): Krystyna Rutkowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: -/2011

Review of: Lauryno Ivinskio lenkų-lietuvių kalbų žodynas. Parengė Ona Kažukauskaitė. Vilnius. 2010, Lietuvių kalbos institutas. 2010. 524 p. : faks. + 1 vaizdo diskas (DVD). ISBN 978-609-411-052-8.

Ortografinė Simono Daukanto žemaitiško balsio [ẹ] raiška Istorijoje žemaitiškoje (1828–1834):

Author(s): Giedrius Subačius / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 17/2015

Simonas Daukantas’ (1793–1864) Lithuanian manuscript History of the Lowlands (ISTORYJE ƵEMAYTYSZKA; LLTIB : f. 1 – SD 2) of over a thousand pages was composed in Rīga (Latvia). Its orthography was of extreme diversity, one of the most diverse texts in the history of 19th-century Lithuanian. This article deals exclusively with the orthographic expression of Daukantas’ native dialectal sound [ẹ] (pronounced between [i] and [e]) of the Northwestern Lowlands. Daukantas marked the position of the sound [ẹ] by four main characters: . 2. The orthography of [ẹ] partially diverged in stems (roots) and in endings. In stems, mainly three graphemes competed (the fourth, , occasionally occurred as well). In endings, the competition was among other three graphemes: . Thus, the letter was mainly reserved for the stems, and the letter for the endings (with rare exceptions). 3. In stems, three major orthographic turning points of the sound [ẹ] occurred: (1) <ę, y> → about f. 15v–17v (partial); (2) → f. 32v; (3) → f. 419r. The turning points in endings are quite alike to those of the stems, even if they do not match exactly: (1) <ę, e> → f. 13r–15r (partial); (2) → <ę, y> f. 31r (partial); (3) <ę, e, y> → <ę, e> f. 421v. There are, however, significant differences in the two segments of the manuscript, where the letter was used in endings instead of other graphemes in stems: (1) intensification f. 31r– 43r and (2) resuscitation f. 319r–421r.