ČEKŲ, SLOVAKŲ IR LIETUVIŲ ESĖ SAMPRATOS ŠIANDIEN: DVI SKIRTINGOS STILIAUS SFERŲ DOMINANTĖS

Author(s): Aneta Petrová / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 1/2015

Contemporary essay is widely-known and has gained significant popularity in Czech and Slovak cultural space, as well as in Lithuanian cultural space. However, we should keep in mind that the Czech-Slovak essay does not necessarily have to be identical to the Lithuanian essay, despite the fact that both cultures use the same term for these texts – esej in Czech, esė in Lithuanian. To compare how essay is understood in both environments, this paper applies the concept of the dominant to the Czech-Slovak and Lithuanian essay. Our understanding of the dominant follows Czech linguistic tradition; in particular, it was inspired by Roman Jakobson’s and Jan Mukařovský’s definitions of the dominant. If we apply the concept of the dominant to different groups of text, it becomes clear that each of them is characterized by a common feature. Striving to deliver profound – as opposed to trivial – knowledge is the basic requirement for the sphere of professional (for example, scientific or technical) texts whose main purpose is to convey facts and information. For belles-lettres texts, aesthetic qualities are absolutely essential. Finally, manifests of author personality are typical for publicistic texts. The Czech-Slovak essay is situated among these three groups of texts, and it is clear that all of the mentioned features are distinctly pronounced in it.

Šarka lietuvių ir slavų etninėje kultūroje

Author(s): Birutė Jasiūnaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 1/2021

The article, based on a variety of ethnolinguistic material, especially folklore texts, aims to reveal the main similarities and differences in the interpretation of the image of the magpie in the ethnic culture of Lithuanians and Slavs. This bird in two traditions, in Lithuanian and in Slavonic, is treated ambivalently, more often negatively. This is due to the peculiarities of the bird’s appearance, and in particular the variegation of its plumage. This characteristic feature in the ethnic culture of many peoples is traditionally associated with evil spirits. Too talkative people, most often women, are compared with this bird. Common is the motive of the thief magpie. The name of the bird in all the languages is feminine, therefore, in both Lithuanian and Slavic mythopoetic texts, the social roles of a peasant woman are attributed to it: a daughter-in-law, a mother, a hostess, a cook, a nanny. Another common feature is the image of a magpie as a sorceress, herald of good or evil news and future events. These functions are associated with the tendency to depict witches and other mythical characters in the form of a magpie. The most striking differences in the interpretation of the magpie are the following ones: it is unusual for Lithuanians to associate the idea of procreation with it, and some Slavs (for example, the Czechs) believe that magpies bring children into the house. Lithuanians are also unaware of some features of the “working” behavior of a magpie, for example, the threshing motive. In their turn, Lithuanians attribute such crafts as shoemaking, brewing, and agriculture to magpies.

ŠIUOLAIKINĖ LIETUVIŲ PROBLEMINĖ-PSICHOLOGINĖ PAAUGLIŲ LITERATŪRA LITERATŪROS TEOLOGIJOS POŽIŪRIU

Author(s): Asta Gustaitienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 1/2018

This article analyses contemporary Lithuanian literature for adolescents from the perspective of theology. In recent years, the religious theme has become fairly popular in such literature. Examples that can be used to illustrate this include outstanding books of Lithuanian contemporary realistic literature for adolescents, including “Verksnių klubas” by Ilona Ežerinytė, “Mirties vandenynas” by Nijolė Kepenienė, and “Nebaigtas dienoraštis” and “Baltos durys” by Vytautas Račickas. The research is mainly focused on a psychological realistic novel written by Rebeka Una, “Šiandien, aštuntą valandą”, because this book is strong in artistic terms and strongly reveals the Christian context. The aim is to reveal how a teenager’s relationship with God is portrayed in some of the best Lithuanian writing for adolescents, and how their Christian faith helps them get through their most difficult life experiences. The interpretive-descriptive method of data analysis is used in the research.

VĖLYVOJI VINCO MYKOLAIČIO-PUTINO LYRIKA KAIP BŪTIES IŠSKAIDRĖJIMAS

Author(s): Giedre Kazlauskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 1/2015

Vėlyvojoje Vinco Mykolaičio-Putino lyrikoje (Būties valanda, 1963; Langas, 1966) daugėja miesto erdvės, gimtinės įvaizdžiai traukiasi, užleisdami vietą vaikystės kraštovaizdžiui nebūdingam jūros motyvui. Abiejų knygų pradžioje autorius pats save paaiškina, įveda skaitytoją į esmines lyrikos temas ir problemas (Būties valandoje mini, kad temos, motyvai turi panašumo su jaunystės lyrika). Tam tikrą etapą, kurį galima būtų vadinti ir lūžiu (ne menine, bet pasaulėvaizdžio prasme – tai bene intensyviausia Putino meilės lyrika), žymi „Sonetai“ ir „Benamio dainos“: sonetai ne tik stropiai datuojami, bet ir nurodomos parašymo aplinkybės („Kaunas, klinikos“ arba „Lovoje, sergant“), susijusios su ligos būsenomis.

Vydūnas ir jo dramos: tapatybės, lūžiai ir iškreiptos figūros

Author(s): Gediminas Karoblis / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 6/2006

In this research paper the play Probočiu Šešëliai [The Shadows of Forefathers] written by famous Lithuanian philosopher Vidunas is analysed in details. Besides classical critical analysis of the text, deconstruction as the method is used as well, making the meanings intended by the author reversible. The innovation of the research is the third methodical part of it – the hermeneutic-phenomenological protocol. The results and the process of the research are described concerning the dynamics of time and problem solving. What is most often left undisclosed in a real research – its temporal duration, findings and disappointments, here is very strongly put on the surface of the consciousness. The researcher in this way is disclosed as the embodied and the embedded agent in the process of research. Analysis of the direct object of the research – the play Probočiu Šešëliai – along these methodical lines of structural deconstruction and hermeneutic-phenomenological protocol clarifies the figure of Visuomis as a non empathic philosopher. This predicate might be projected to the whole spiritualistic philosophy of Vidunas. Much discussed philosophy of the body developed by Vidunas is strongly questioned, analysing a few examples from the life of Vidunas himself: the early childhood and the turningpoint event of his falling from the ship. The whole body of Vidunas in this event was shocked, as he describes himself, and Vidunas understood in the new light the relevance of the body in the experience of the world. Does this event might be considered as the “Lithuanian version” of the collision of God of the Philosophers and God of Abraham, Jacob and Isaac?

Vydūno lietuviškumo vaizdinių ištakos

Author(s): Roma Bončkutë / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 107/2021

The texts of Simonas Daukantas (1793–1864), which captivatingly depict the powerful origins of the nation, influenced Lithuanian authors of the nineteenth and early twentieth centurie., Their work in turn influenced the development of Lithuanian consciousness and the establishment of modern society. In Vydūnas’ (real name Vilhelmas Storostas, 1868–1953) first poetic and journalistic efforts, early dramatic works, and in the almanac Bendraitē (1902) we find many paraphrases of Daukantas’ historical narrative, Lithuanian imagery and indirect quotations, word combinations, etc. This article examines how Vydūnas, relying on Daukantas’ texts, learned the expressions needed for public discourse and adapted his ideas. He interpreted history as an archetype of the connection between the nation and man, and from those historical texts he adopted the images of the harmonious life of ancient Lithuanians, the topic of healthy living and laid the foundations for his philosophy. Many of the ideas later developed by Vydūnas can be found in the articles of the almanac Bendraitē. Here he first tried to discuss the past of Prussian Lithuanians in the context of the history of Lithuania Proper and to culturally unite the two parts of the nation separated for many years.The article‘s concept is based on the ideas in Martin Puchner’s book The Written World. The Power of Stories to Shape People, History, Civilization (2017).

Vyriškumas Algirdo Landsbergio novelėse

Author(s): Gabija Bankauskaitė-Sereikienė,Raminta Stravinskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 40 (45)/2021

In interwar and post-war societies, men were required to show endurance, courage, and emotional stability, but their traumas, caused by the experience of war and the economic, political, and social realities of the post-war period, are just started to be analysed. Algirdas Jeronimas Landsbergis (1924–2004), a playwright, prose writer, editor, literary and theatre critic of the Lithuanian diaspora, conveys these themes in his work. The images of masculinity revealed in the texts help clarify the general experience of the society hidden in the works and understand what kind of masculinity prevailed in society after the world wars changed the lives of women and men. Using K. G. Jung’s theory of analytical psychology, the article analyses A. Landsbergis’ short stories, which literature researchers less studied. Texts are explored as reflections and shapers of society, and in the case of masculinity, it is discussed what is meant by the archetypes of masculinity recorded in the literature. Based on the work of R. L. Moore and D. Gillette and J. C. Campbell, the archetypes of the divine child, the child prodigy, the Oedipus child and the hero and mature masculinity – the king, warrior, magician and lover are distinguished.

Vyskupas Motiejus Valančius apie katalikų persekiojimą ir švietimą

Author(s): Ona Tijūnėlienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 6/1999

In diesem Artikel werden die Umstande der Herausgabe des Buches, Struktur und Hauptideen besprochen. Das Buch bestebt aus einigen Broschiiren, die nach dem Verbot der litauischen Presse (1865) geschrieben wurden, dieses Buch wurde in Tilsit herausgegeben und in Litauen verbreitet. Da es an den Beweisen fehlte, ist der Bischof Motiejus Valančius nicht bestraft worden. Einige Priester haben Schaden gelitten, sie sind nach Sibirien verbannt worden.

Vytautas Stulpinas - Statinio srauto poetas

Author(s): Giedrius Alkauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 85/2021

Kai žiemą Telšiuose pasukdavau iš Luokės gatvės į Vilniaus gatvę, vieno daugiabučio ketvirtajame aukšte visada degdavo spingsė. Žinojau – Vytautui Telšiečiui dabar pagavų metas. Tokiose erdvėse juk ir gimsta laisviausi tekstai. Justiniškių narvelyje, Sapiegiškio trobelėje, daugiabučio blokelyje.

Wariancje semantyczne pojęcia "kołtuna" w wybranych tekstach kultury polskiej i litewskiej

Author(s): Zofia Sawaniewska-Mochowa / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 29/2020

The paper discusses semantic changes and stylistic derivation of the cultural concept of kołtun ‘Polish plait’ (Plica polonica) in Polish and Lithuanian. Although today it is impossible to meet a person with a kołtun on their head, the concept itself, as an element of socially established knowledge of the world, has survived and is still used in various discourses (ranging from dialectal texts and folklore, belles-lettres and journalistic writing, to contemporary Internet messages), to communicate different meanings, both literal and metaphorical.There are similarities and differences between the conceptualizations of kołtun in texts of Polish and Lithuanian cultures. The unifying element is the perception of kołtun as a formation of entangled hair or a mysterious disease that is inscribed into the folk system of beliefs and magical rituals. On the other hand, what sets the analysed concept apart in the two languages, is a much richer resource of folk and colloquial forms (compounds, hybrid words, phrasemes) in Lithuanian, and in addition, the lack of negative evaluation of kołtun in Lithuanian, whereas in Polish the word is often used to describe a backward, small-minded person.

When Books Speak of Books: G. Radvilavičiūtė’s Intertextuality

Author(s): Adriano Cerri / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

The present article will analyze the intertextual dimension in the work of the Lithuanian essayist G. Radvilavičiūtė, especially focusing on her most successful book, Šiąnakt aš miegosiu prie sienos. In the introduction a brief review of U. Eco’s ideas on intertextuality will be presented, paying special attention to the notions of metafiction, dialogism, double coding, and intertextual irony. Within this theoretical framework, the main intertextual strategies used in Radvilavičiūtė’s book are examined in the core of the study. Particular attention will be paid to dialogism; for this strategy a detailed classification based on the two parameters of target and modality will be proposed. Then a peculiar kind of intertextuality is presented: while the author frequently makes a conscious and obvious use of references to other texts, I will suggest that it could also be possible to find traces of unconscious “intertextual echoes”. To demonstrate this, some similarities with V. Nabokov’s novel Laughter in the Dark are discussed. Such similarities could be due to an unconscious influence of this novel on the author (in this case they would be “echoes”), or to pure coincidence. In both cases, however, this is an interesting instance of hermeneutic cooperation between the author and the reader. Far from diminishing Radvilavičiūtė’s flourishing creativity, these considerations reinforce the idea that any open text calls for the addressee’s cooperation. Hence, the reader not only decodes intertextuality, but also actively creates a net of references that sometimes go beyond the author’s (conscious) intentions.

Wolfenbüttelio postilė (1573) kaip seniausia lietuviška Antikos, Viduramžių ir Renesanso autorių antologija

Author(s): Jolanta Gelumbeckaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 3/2009

The manuscript of the Sermon Book of Wolfenbüttel (1573) is the oldest known Lithuanian handwritten book (299 fol. 2°) and one of the largest and most important texts in the early modern history of Lithuanian. Further­more it is a significant document of Lithuanian church and cultural history. This sermon book, consisting of sermons for an entire liturgic year, testifies the spreading of Reformation ideas and writings in the Lithuanian language area. The sermons were collected from at least ten sermon books, namely from the Postillae of Nicolaus Hemmingius, Antonius Corvinus, Johannes Spangenberg, Martin Luther, Philipp Melanchthon, Johannes Brenz, Leonhard Culmann, Arsatius Seehofer, Jodocus Willichius and Daniel Greser. Methodologically the translation is typical for the 16th century. Literally translated excerpts are followed by originally written parts, or translations from other sources are included. The Lithuanian translation is selective and paradigmatic. In many cases an (anonymous) translator takes the Latin text as a pattern according to which he creates his own sermon,or he writes an original sermon in which he includes some translated chapters. The translation is often supplemented with numerous quotations. This article deals only with part of them, in particular with those from classical authors as well as with explicit Latin citations.

World Literature as a Non-Place

Author(s): Paweł Bukowiec / Language(s): English / Issue: 41/2019

This paper is an attempt at alter-globalist criticism of the contemporary discourse of world literature from the perspective of a researcher of two small European literatures (namely, Polish and Lithuanian). Beginning with classical definitions, the study analyses concrete proposals of the canon of world literature in order to indicate its violent character and prove the existence of the principle of “spoilage” of information inscribed in the criticised discourse.

XVIII - XIX amþiaus lietuvišku tekstu grafemos ,