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To Act, To Do, To Perform: Shakespeare’s Stage, or How Can a Thinker Act?

Author(s): Danica Igrutinović / Language(s): English Issue: 07/2015

This paper attempts to address, by way of a rereading of Shakespeare’s Hamlet in the key of the philosophy of Renaissance Neoplatonism, the question of whether (and how) a ‘thinker’ discovering what is rotten in the state of the world can be engaged in actively changing it through politics or activism without losing her integrity, objectivity and independence. Ambivalent, like much of Renaissance Neoplatonism itself, towards both pure action and pure contemplation, Shakespeare seems to offer a via media between the two, suggesting that the art of the theater can be a kind of theurgy and that the illusory truth of dramaturgy can surpass that of demiurgy.

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Poetski putokazi u djelu Razgovor koga vile Ilirkinje imadoše u pramalitje godine 1841. fra Martina Nedića

Author(s): Mato Nedić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 43/2015

Premda je djelo Razgovor koga vile Ilirkinje imadoshe u pramalitje godine 1835. i koga priuzvishenoj, prisvitloj, krasnoj i plemenitoj gospodi, i svemu ostalomu prislavnomu i priglasnomu narodu ilirskom svakojake plemenite kriposti, osobito pako svoje starinstvo ljubechemu, za vikovicnju uspomenu krotkim i umiljatim sardcem Vila Bosanska prikaza objavljeno tiskom Ivana Nepomuka Prettnera u Karlovcu 1835. godine znatno poznatije, isti autor koji se potpisao kao Vila Bosanska napisao je i djelo Razgovor koga Vile Ilirkinje imadoše u Pramalitje Godine 1841. i koga Preuzvišenoj, Prisvitloj, Krasnoj i Plemenitoj Gospodi i svemu ostalomu Glasovitom, Sardačnom, i, Priprostranom Narodu Ilirskom Svakojake plemenite Kriposti, osobito pako svoje Starinstvo i Slogu ljubećemu, za vikovičnju uspomenu krotkim, i pobožnim sardcem njeki Pjesnik pod imenom Vila Bosanska prikazuje. To je djelo objavio Nikola Žic u Hrvatskome narodnom kalendaru Napredak za 1934. godinu.1 Da je oba djela napisao isti autor, potvrđeno je i u autorovoj fusnoti uz pjesmu Razgovor koga vile Ilirkinje imadoše u pramalitje godine 1841.: “U ‘Razgovoru’ koga Vile Ilirkinje imadoše u pramaliće g. 1835. ima upisana rič Apolo, pod kojim imenom razumije se Pjesnik, a sad u ovom ‘Razgovoru’ namisto Apolo evo stavljeno je Pjesnik.” Žic ne dvoji da je autor obaju djela prvi ilirac iz Bosne fra Martin Nedić (Tolisa, 1810–1895).

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Fevzijeva filozofija

Author(s): Milivoj (Mirza Abdurahman) Malić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 68-69/2015

Kada smo se pozabavili sadržajem Bulbulistana, ugledali smo čitav jedan svijet ideja i osjećanja koji se, izgleda, svi vrte oko vrhovnog načela: Duhovni život jedina je stvarnost dostojna da se njome bavimo. Pa ipak, ovome djelu ne manjka ni razmišljanja čisto materijalističke prirode, kao što ćemo vidjeti u daljnjem izlaganju: ali ta su razmišljanja tu samo da, na neki način, posluže kao opipljiva osnova psihološkim, moralnim, političkim ili mističnim poukama kojima nas autor neprestano obasipa.

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NAREDBE I UPRAVE FRA AUGUSTINA MILETIĆA

Author(s): Pavao Knezović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 14/2015

Bishop father Augustin Miletic, vicar of Apostolic vicary in Srebrenica-Ottoman Bosnia from 1813 to 1831, pays special attention to marriage and wedding customs in his work Naredbe i uprave biskupa namistnika apostolski proshasti i sadašnjega. His aim was to alleviate bad and baleful Catholic customs, not only the ones connected to marriage customs but also the ones which appeared in other occasions and circumstances. That is why this paper if full of data from people’s tradition and everyday life of believers, parsons and their chaplains. In this as well as in the other Miletic’s works his expression is one of the highest-quality among Franciscan writers of Silver Bosnia.

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ATSARGINĖS LIETUVOS PAIEŠKOS: KAZIO PAKŠTO IR JUOZO VITĖNO KORESPONDENCIJA (1958–1960)

Author(s): Laima Bucevičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 64/2015

This article presents the private correspondence between Kazys Pakštas (1893– 1960) and Juozas Vitėnas (1912–2011). Pakštas, a famous traveller, geographer, and public fi¬gure active in prewar independent Lithuania from 1919 to 1939 and later in the United States, was concerned about the Lithuanian nation’s survival in the world, its national identity, and its cultural preservation. Poles, Italians, Slovaks, Irish, and other nationalities were exploring possi¬bilities for organised colonies outside their homelands. Pakštas too took the idea of establishing a Lithuanian colony abroad very seriously. He proposed setting up an “Alternate Lithuania” in British Honduras. This idea was actively supported by the lawyer and journalist Juozas Vitėnas who presented his own personal archive to the Vytautas Magnus University Library in 1998. A large part of that archive consists of documents and letters devoted to the problem of turning an “Alternate Lithuania” into reality. The letters that Vitėnas and Pakštas exchanged in the period from 1958 to 1960 discuss relevant actualities and present personal views on the idea (as regards both its conception and its implementation) of establishing a Lithuanian colony in British Honduras. These letters are what I publish in this article. I chose this documentary way of publishing them instead of offering a critical edition of these letters so as to make it possible to preserve the characteristic linguistic features of individual authorial orthography. The spel¬ling basically was not standardized; the original texts are presented without linguistic changes. The letters are published in chronological order, maintaining the dialogical nature of the texts. Publikacijoje skelbiama privati dviejų asmenų – Kazio Pakšto ir Juozo Vitėno – korespondencija. Žymiausias nepriklausomybės laikotarpio keliautojas, geografas ir visuomenės veikėjas Pakštas rūpinosi lietuvių tautos išlikimu pasaulyje, tautiškumo ir kultūros išsaugojimu. Organizuotų kolonijų planus kūrė ir jų įgyvendinimo perspektyvas prognozavo lenkai, italai, slovakai, airiai ir kitos tautos. Pakštas taip pat mėgino įgyvendinti Lietuvos kolo¬nijos įkūrimo svetur idėją. Mokslininkas siūlė atsarginę Lietuvą įkurti vienoje britų Centrinės Amerikos kolonijų – Britų Hondūre. Teisininkas ir žurnalistas Vitėnas buvo aktyvus šios idė¬jos rėmėjas ir profesoriaus bendramintis. 1998 m. jis savo asmeninį archyvą perdavė saugoti Vytauto Didžiojo bibliotekai. Didelę archyvo dalį sudaro būtent atsarginės Lietuvos problemai skirti įvairūs dokumentai ir korespondencija. Skelbiami Vitėno ir Pakšto laiškai (1958–1960), kuriuose diskutuojama, pristatomos aktualijos, keičiamasi asmeninėmis nuomonėmis, svars¬toma Lietuvos kolonijos įkūrimo Britų Hondūre idėja ir jos įgyvendinimas. Buvo pasirinktas dokumentinis, o ne kritinis laiškų publikavimo būdas, leidęs išsaugoti autorių individualiai rašybai būdingas kalbines savybes. Rašyba iš esmės nebendrinta, pateikiami originalūs tekstai be kalbinių pertvarkymų. Laiškai publikuoti chronologiškai, išlaikant korespondentų tekstų dialogiškumą.

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Критика на превода – преводна рецепция, техники на превеждане, връзка превод – идеология

Author(s): Evgenia Gencheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 15/2014

The before mentioned work analyzes critiques of translations in the context of Italian translation literature in the period from the Liberation of Bulgaria 1878 to 1989 and makes a commentary on the understanding of translation, translation editing, translation techniques and the link between translation and ideology on the basis of Daria Karapetkova’s book “The boot in Bulgarian literature fashion”. It also makes a commentary on the observations of critiques on translations from Russian language based on empirical data from Russian classical literature. The author of the work gives her own suggestions on how to give accurate critique on translations and what should be avoided.

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Postmodernističke parodijske strategije u romanu Epitaf carskog gurmana Veljka Barbijerija

Author(s): Dubravka Brunčić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2014

The article analyzes features of parodic discourse of Barbieri's novel Epitaph of a Royal Gourmet through L. Hutcheon’s theoretical concepts. It explores different parodic subversive strategies (parody of the diary genre, problematizing of the fictionality of historiographic representation, interpolating of gastronomical sublite-rary genres) through which ambivalent politics of postmodern representation are manifested in this novel.

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The concept of world literature in Czech and Slovak comparative literary studies

Author(s): Miloš Zelenka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This article aims to systemize the trends in world literature research, highlighting the differences between the concepts of this phenomenon as embraced by “small” and “large” literatures. It also takes account of the Czech and Slovak line of thinking which questions the concept of world literature as normative poetics or the standardized canon of masterpieces and their various discourses. The historical experience of Czech and Slovak comparative literary studies defending the independent values of Slavic literatures suggests that there cannot be any arbitrary research on world literature. With some exceptions and regardless of their terminologically and semantically different interpretations of this specialism, contemporary theoretical concepts (as embraced by Emily Apter, Pascale Casanova, David Damrosch, Marko Juvan, Franco Moretti, etc.) re-establish recognizing world literature as an international research issue or a subject employing English as a universal means of communication. Imposing such a notion would allegedly condone inequality as a kind of epistemological framework to codify the binary opposition of “developed” and “underdeveloped” or “the center” and “periphery”. It was mainly the Czecho-Slovak structuralist tradition (represented by Frank Wollman, René Wellek, Dionýz Ďurišin, etc.) that rejected national literature as a natural starting point of world literature. Anchored in the Central European intellectual milieu at the crossing of various aesthetic movements, these “defensive” theories were linked with the structural concept of the Prague Linguistic Circle, letting alone the multilingual tradition of the former Habsburg Empire and the phenomenon of migration which implied the aspect of polyglossia and heterotopia as a breeding ground for comparative scholars.

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Against Sinocentrism: Internal orientalism in world literature

Author(s): Kim Dong-Wook / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Much discussion of world literature, as seen in the theories of Franco Moretti and Pascale Casanova, is still not entirely able to rid itself of Eurocentric and Western-centric biases. More recently, Zhang Longxi, a leading Chinese cross-cultural scholar, despite his good intentions, displays Sinocentric limitations by claiming that imperial China “functioned as a center in the East Asian region”. Based on the assumption that Zhang’s argument is emblematic of a larger current of Sinocentrism in China, this article argues that East Asian countries, most notably Korea and Japan, developed their own literatures and cultures, although they have been influenced by Chinese culture. This article calls for a more globally-oriented paradigm and asserts that any form of ethnocentrism, Eurocentric or Sinocentric, is injurious, or even fatal, to the salutary development of world literature.

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The Biswa Sahitya Granthamala (World literature book series) as a reaction to English linguistic domination in Odisha

Author(s): Sonali Ganguly,Lipika Das / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This article seeks to examine the remarkable literary venture of Odia culture that took a crucial step in creating space for world literature. Amid the plurality of conceptualizations of world literature as a commercial entity, a mode of circulation, an intellectual problem, a medium of international literary exchange, a dynamic system, and an emerging discipline, it sees world literature as a tool for liberating the Indian region of Odisha from linguistic and cultural domination. The colonial controversy over the language policy and the constant struggle of the Odia-speaking territories prepared the grounds for the language movement which resulted in the formation of a language-based British province in 1936. The article explores the question whether the establishment of Odisha led to linguistic liberation or a paradigm shift from cultural dominance of Bengali and Hindi during the colonial era to the hegemony of English in the post-independence period. We argue that after India’s independence the Odia language and literature fell victim to neo-colonialism as a result of the adoption of the English language as the medium of internationalization. Additionally, we examine how world literature supported the liberation of the regional language and its literature from neo-colonialism by evaluating the contribution of the world literature book series titled Biswa Sahitya Granthamala, which was released in Odia by the publishing house Granthamandir in 1969–1970.

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Archétypes identitaires dans le roman rolinien La maison, la forêt

Author(s): Ema Violeta Mistrianu / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2021

The crumbling of Rolin's personality, including the difficult moments of childhood, the collapse of her personal life, the synthetic literary beginnings, is brought to the fore through intimate writing. Anguish, emotional insecurity and a fear of death are all defining traits intimately related with the characters who embody the actors in Dominique Rolin's novel The House, the Forest (La maison, la forêt). This paper is intended as a non-exhaustive but attentive analysis of these aspects of an old couple who no longer find a way to communicate. To achieve this, we propose to explain a whole swarm of moods of the man who is shiveringly waiting for the death of a woman and the modelling of her identity over time. We'll also be focusing on fictional autobiography as a canvas for the novel.

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Sekretne życie książek (na przykładzie pewnego tomu z Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego)

Author(s): Tomasz Ososiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2023

Founded in 1945, the University Library of Lodz currently holds about 28,000 old prints, including twenty-one incunabula. Most of the collection came to Lodz immediately after the war, from former German collections in Prussia, Pomerania and Silesia. From Pomerania comes a very interesting private collection: the library of Peter Kameke (1541–1614), which was originally housed in a small church in Lassehne (today: Łasin). In this article, I describe one of the books from this collection in terms of provenance and reconstruct its journey through various libraries over the centuries. Using its example, I also analyze the various functions the book performed in the old days.

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Mitologiczne oraz chrystologiczne spojrzenie na twórczość J.R.R. Tolkiena, część I – Mity Świata Germańskiego

Author(s): Jakub Sitarz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2024

The article is an excerpt from Rev. Jakub Sitarz’s master’s thesis devoted to the question of whether it is possible to find Christological motifs in Tolkien’s Legendarium without overinterpretation. The abstract section of the thesis using the method of historical and biographical re¬search shows the possibility of interpreting J.R.R. Tolkien’s works with both Christological and mythological keys. Further on, the author focuses on showing the references in the Legendarium to Germanic mythology, emphasizing that this is only a fragment of a broader mythological interpretation bringing together the mythology of more nations and cultures.

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“Fie upon the Law”: The Thomistic Perspective on Justice and Mercy in The Merchant of Venice

Author(s): Mateusz Godlewski / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2024

This paper attempts to read Shakespeare’s famous trial scene in Merchant of Venice, and particularly Portia’s famous speech, in the context of its remarkable affinity with the Thomistic teachings on justice and mercy. In recent years some scholars argued for the previously unexplored relevance of Thomas Aquinas’s thought in Shakespeare’s plays, especially his analysis of the passions and moral values. In Merchant of Venice the thematic polarity of justice and mercy is essential, yet interpreting it as a dialectic opposition is far too simplistic. From Aquinas’s perspective, a proper understanding of mercy can be secured only when it is situated in the order of justice, and his (and Aristotle’s) distinction between commutative and distributive justice sheds an interesting light on Portia, Bassanio, Antonio, and Shylock. Antonio and Bassanio’s contractual language, as well as Shylock’s unshaken determination to fulfil his bond, mirror the sense of commutative justice, which “directs exchange and intercourse of business” and “consists of mutual giving and receiving” (ST, I.21.1, resp.). Portia’s speech on mercy, on the other hand, introduces distributive justice, which “consist in distribution; (...) whereby a ruler or a steward gives to each what his rank deserves” (ST, 1.21.1). Portia’s swerve to hierarchical, regal terminology extends the understanding of justice and mercy, which is not only “enthroned in the hearts of kings”, but is ultimately of a divine nature and “an attribute to God Himself ” (4.1.193). Aquinas’s teachings that “mercy of God is always a free gift that works through justice” (Caponi: 2018) are echoed in this speech. The entire trial scene suggests an understanding of mercy which coincides with Thomistic perspective: not as a relaxation of justice, but as its perfection and restoration. Shakespeare eloquently represents these ideas in his dramatis personae who are complex, passionate, and fully human.

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“I Play the Devil.” Theodicy and Kingship in Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Richard the Third

Author(s): Cameron Barrows / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2024

The villainy of a despot and William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Richard the Third will forever mark the English literary imagination. Through examining the nexus of the performative power of kingship and its relationship to Elizabethan moral and political order, the issue of theodicy naturally arises as it relates to English history. In joining history to theodicy, Shakespeare questions English ideas of personhood and the performative nature of political identity.

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Josef Jungmann: teorie a praxe dopisu

Author(s): Lucie Saicová Římalová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2025

Josef Jungmann’s work offers three different sources of data for the analysis of author’s view of letters and epistolary communication: lexical material collected in author’s Czech-German dictionary, theoretical explanation of so-called epistolary style in Slovesnost (“Belles-lettres”), and author’s own correspondence. The relevant entries and lexical material from the dictionary reveal that letters were a relatively important genre in the given historical period and that they were relevant for a large variety of life situations. The theoretical explanation and the examples of letters in Slovesnost reveal that Jungmann’s theory of letter was focused on pragmatic aspects of epistolary communication. The key function of the letter was to maintain the relationship between the writer of the letter and the physically absent addresse. A sample analysis of Jungmann’s letters indicates that the relationship between the writer and the addressee were important in Jungmann’s own letters as well.

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The Representation of Systemic Racial and Gender-Based Violence and Its Effects in Pearl Cleage's Flying West and Bourbon at the Border

Author(s): Ifeta Čirić – Fazlija / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2024

The overwhelming sense of instability and distress this causes, and the conspicuous rise in heinous crime and racial and gender chauvinism, harassment and bullying all around the globe demand a scrutiny of the insidiousness of violence. This is a moral responsibility of any contemporary author. The current paper analyzes images of systemic racial and gender-based violence in two fictional dramatic works created by African American playwright Pearl Cleage in the 1990s, while reflecting on post-Reconstruction Black American history. To inspect the surreptitious effects of systemic violence as portrayed in the two plays, the paper first discusses forms of violence. It is claimed that Cleage reminds modern audiences of the lengthy history of white violence ingrained in the formation of the United States and that the two analyzed plays illustrate the oppressive consequences of such systemic violence.

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Book Review

Author(s): Olaf Leiße,Elke Cezanne,Juliana Roth,Helmut Wilhelm Schaller,Joachim Hösler,Danica Trifunjagić,Zsófia Turóczy,Christian Voss / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2025

Review of: Daniel Biro: Der politische Diskurs in Rumanien von 1945 bis 2020, Eine Sentimentanalyse, Berlin: Frank & Timme 2023, 306 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-7329-0896-7; Mathias Beer / Sorin Radu (Hg.): Migration und kulturelles Erbe, Das Beispiel der deutschen Minderheiten in und aus Rumanien, Göttingen: Vandehoeck & Ruprecht 2024 (= Schnittstellen, Band 27), 382 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-525-30241-5; Dimitặr Ganev: Bặlgarskata političeska počva, Plastove na nacionalnata političeska kultura (Der bulgarische politische Boden – Schichten der nationalen politischen Kultur), Sofia: Ciela 2024, 376 Seiten, ISBN 978-954-28-4758-8; Jörg Ganzenmüller (Hg.): Die revolutionaren Umbruche in Europa 1989/91, Zwischen Deutungen und Reprasentationen, Köln, Wien: Böhlau Verlag 2021 (= Europäische Diktaturen und ihre Überwindung. Schriften der Stiftung Ettersberg, Bd. 28), 303 Seiten mit ca. 40 Abbildungen, ISBN 978-412-43252270-4; Raoul Ott: Hegemoniebildung und Elitentransformation im Kosovo, Von der spatosmanischen Herrschaft bis zur Republik, Berlin: Logos 2023, 813 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-8325-5720-1; Christian Voß (Hg.): Die Glokalisierung der sudosteuropaischen Literaturen im 21. Jahrhundert, Berlin: Peter Lang 2024, 238 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-631-91560-8; Bernd J. Fischer / Oliver Jens Schmitt: A Concise History of Albania; Elizabeth Gowing / Robert Wilton: No Man‘s Lands, Eight Extraordinary Women in Balkan History, Cambridge University Press 2022, Paperback, 400 Seiten mit Abbildungen, ISBN 978-1-107-66218-6; Goran Stanković / Vladimir Tagić (Regie): Sablja (Operation Sabre), TV-Miniserie, Leipzig: Elbow Publishing 2022, 190 Seiten, ISBN 978-1-9163661-1-4;

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Literarische Irrenhausbesuche zwischen Aufklärung und Romantik

Author(s): Petra Hanakova / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2025

The presented study focuses on a specific type of text in which the narrator visits an asylum, is guided through it by the local doctor, and is told the stories of individual patients. These texts originate from the period between the late 18th and mid-19th centuries. A similar narrative scheme (where the narrator is in hell instead of an asylum) can be found in world literature from antiquity to the early modern period. The authors of these texts generally wanted to express their own social critiques and other views, or they used such texts to address personal conflicts. These literary asylums also represent a form of critical engagement with the world and society, as various problematic phenomena the authors wanted to highlight are placed in them. During the observed period, however, there was a gradual reformulation of the critiques that the authors aimed to express through these texts, eventually leading to the complete emptying of the original function of this type of literature. The presented work aims to capture these changes based on selected recurring motifs and place them in a broader culturalhistorical context.

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Eleusis

Author(s): Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2025

This article contains a philosophical poem of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, translated by Dragoș Popescu.

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