„RĂSFULGERAȚII”: ISTORIA OFICIALĂ ȘI CONTRAISTORIILE EI MEMORIALISTICA, ISTORIA ORALĂ, REPORTAJUL DE ACTUALITATE ȘI CIRCULAȚIA INFORMAȚIEI ÎN MEDIA ONLINE, SURSE CONCURENTE ALE UNEI ARHIVE ÎN CURS DE CONSTITUIRE

Author(s): Astrid Cambose / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 54/2017

This paper focuses on a particular phenomenon that has been going on in Moldova/ Bessarabia especially during the past decade: oral transmission of concurrent memories, as a form of managing social grief due to the sufferings of deportation and refuge-seeking in Soviet era. Memorialization is generally considered an ongoing work. It is also an active dimension of building a national identity. The article makes a comparison between Moldova and Romania with regard to the parts played by the institutions and scholars, on one hand, and the ordinary people, on the other hand, in shaping oral history as a valuable source of knowledge. As the terrain is a shifting one, a mainly qualitative research needs to be done in order to reveal the social mechanisms leading to the major changes in national identity. Education is not entirely the responsibility of intellectual elites; on the contrary, there is – and there always has been – a deep, informal, orally transmitted “popular” education, based mainly on family memory, therefore uninterested in political correctness or even in scientific truths. The narratives in which old men and women recall their own losses as former children unwillingly exiled to Siberia, displaced in their own country or forced to become refugees in Romania give many voices to the social trauma. Official history writing (always politically determined) has thus oral history for a powerful and often denying counterpart.

„Ręką artysty podwojone, uzupełnione, uprzytomnione obrazy poety”* – Konrad Wallenrod i Grażyna w ozdobnym wydaniu Jana Tysiewicza

Author(s): Dąbrówka Mirońska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The object of analyses contained in the article is the decorative edition of KonradWallenrod and Grażyna of 1851; the author of the editorial concept of this book, the designer of its illustrations and its editor was Jan Tysiewicz. The aim of the argument is to consider how the graphic arts visualise the literary word and also how it interprets, modifies it and how it generates unexpected meanings, which enables the emergence of a common space of reception in which the literary imagination meets the graphical imagination. The problems to which I devote my work are located at the boundary of two main disciplines: the history of literature and the history of art. The question about the primary differences between a text and an illustration as well as the question of introducing an ideological aspect to the visualisations which are put forward by Tysiewicz enabled me to see the general cultural problems and to understand the interpretation of aesthetic values.

„Róża tym bardziej wyrazistsza im bardziej jej nie ma” – rzecz o poezji Ryszarda Krynickiego

Author(s): Tadeusz Żukowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 06/1988

I Punkt wyjścia. „Idzie nowe!”– sarkastycznie ironizował kiedyś Krynicki. I rzeczywiście spełniają się diagnozy poetów: niezmienna w swej zmienności jest skóra nowego wspaniałego świata; znowu pobito demonstrujących w Warszawie, Krakowie i Gdańsku studentów. Tym razem w 20. rocznicę Marca ’68, o którym tak między innymi pisał jego uczestnik i bohater tego szkicu: „… / i naprawdę nie wiedzieliście czego chcemy, / oprócz poszanowania ludzkich praw i prawd [...] i naprawdę nie wiedzieliście, że prawa człowieka mogę się okazać / sprzeczne z interesami obywatela”.

„Rozproszone piękno” w powieści The Place of the Lion Charlesa Williamsa

Author(s): Anna Bugajska / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2011

Artykuł dotyczy zagadnienia piękna w powieści Charlesa Williamsa The Place of the Lion (Gdzie lew ryczący). Autor, będąc spadkobiercą tradycji powieści gotyckiej, wykorzystuje konwencję, aby zaprezentować szczególną kategorię estetyczną. Jego źródłami są Platon oraz neoplatonicy, którzy postrzegali piękno przede wszystkim jako harmonię i światło. Rozdzielali je równocześnie na piękno „rzeczy małych”, tj. niedoskonałe, oraz Piękno Absolutne. Człowiek powinien poprzez poznanie niedoskonałego piękna dążyć do Absolutu. Jednocześnie Williams stosuje się do osiemnastowiecznych wymogów estetycznych piękna i wzniosłości Edmunda Burke’a, który dostrzegł, iż brak harmonii nie musi być związany z brzydotą. Jego „piękno” nie musi być symetryczne i harmonijne, a światło niekoniecznie łączy się z przyjemnością. Subiektywizacja percepcji prowadzi do docenienia „rzeczy małych”. Williams, wykorzystując obie teorie, tworzy rodzaj „wzniosłego piękna”: budzącego strach, lecz jednocześnie będącego „ślicznym” (lovely), jak można się przekonać, analizując przykładowo przedstawienie ogromnego Motyla. Do opisu swojej kategorii estetycznej używa „Disordered zwrotu disordered beauty („rozproszone” czy też „zaburzone piękno”). Wyraża w tym wielość form, które muszą znaleźć swoje źródło w Idei Piękna, lecz również jego niestabilną, „zaburzoną” naturę oraz chaos, który piękno wprowadza w życie bohaterów. Kwestia piękna w The Place of the Lion jest przykładem, jak ten mało znany pisarz godzi sprzeczne ze sobą poglądy, czerpiąc z europejskich źródeł. Antyczna tradycja, leżąca u podstaw myśli Williamsa, otrzymuje formę o całe wieki późniejszą. W rezultacie otrzymujemy frapujący problem, wyrażony w unikalnej kategorii estetycznej.

„Rührung, rühren, rührend“ (Pražské přednášky Augusta Gottlieba Meißnera v kontextu německé estetiky 18. století)

Author(s): Tomáš Hlobil / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 3/2010

The terms Rührung, rühren, rührend, and gerührt occur with extraordinary frequency in the lectures on aesthetics and poetics which were given at Prague University by August Gottlieb Meißner (1753–1807), as recorded by his students Josef Jungmann and Josef Liboslav Ziegler. The article aims to explain how Meißner, the ordinarius of aesthetics and classical literature at Prague, worked with these terms in his lectures and it seeks to demonstrate how their use was connected with the Enlightenment aesthetics of the eighteenth century, particularly in the German-speaking lands. The ennoblement of this set of terms in aesthetics at Prague University in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries was probably not based on any specific work. Instead, it was connected with the general aesthetic trends of the times, particularly the influential German ‘aesthetics of effect’ (Wirkungsästhetik) of the second half of the eighteenth century. This current, which constituted an alternative to the contemplatively conceived transcendental aesthetics of Immanuel Kant, made the emotions the basis of taste and art, adding a psychological-anthropological aspect to aesthetic thinking, without losing sight of the importance, even paramouncy, of the moral contribution of art. Meißner’s lectures constitute a hitherto unknown, hard to overlook part of this current of German aesthetics, which was developed at a university in the Austrian Monarchy, that is to say, beyond the frontiers of the traditional central German and north German centres of aesthetic thought. Though the concentrated interest in Rührung places Meißner’s lectures into this current, the absolutization of the term, resulting in a deliberate weakening of the moral aspect, shifts the lectures to the margins. The double role of Rührung, the most typical, most distinctive feature of the lectures, shows that Meißner was familiar not only with contemporaneous German views but also with the strikingly more pointed French and English viewpoints, which he had absorbed probably during his years at Leipzig.

„Russkij malczik” – bohater współczesnej literatury rosyjskiej

Author(s): Emilia Borkowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 02/2013

The aim of this article is to present certain processes in contemporary Russian literature and the new hero of this literature. Russia literature after the collapse of the Soviet Union changed its position in the post-soviet culture. This was the result of cultural changes in this area. Some Russian critics noticed that a crisis in Russian literature had started at the beginning of 90’s. Although Russian literature moved from the centre to the periphery of culture, this is, however, not crisis literature. It is literature that exists in times of crisis and with a new point of view describing the surrounding world. ‘Russkiy malchik’ – the new hero of Russian literature searches for his identity in a world that has changed unpredictably. He appears in the novels and dramas of present day Russian writers: postmodernist Victor Pelevin, realist Zahkar Prilepin and sentimentalist Evgeniy Grishkovec. These writers present different styles, generations and literary genres but their heroes are prone to the same problem: How to exist in a reality that they do not understand or accept.

„Rycerskość” arystokraty z okresu Heian. Rozważana z perspektywy Il Cortegiano Baldassare de Castiglionego

Author(s): Adam Bednarczyk / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Japanese courtly culture reached its pinnacle during the Heian period (between the9th and 12th centuries), which was characterized by the pursuit of ideal beauty and refinedelegance (miyabi). The achievements of the court in Heian in literature, art and aestheticsthoroughly assimilated themselves into the Japanese national heritage; until this day they reflect the mentality and values of the élites of that time. Genji monogatari is an 11th-centurynovel, which recorded the picture of the aristocracy expressing their version of the Europeanconcept courtoisie (Heian model of courtly ethos). Even when cursorily compared with theRenaissaince work Il Cortegiano by Baldassare de Castiglione, Genji monogatari shows a good deal of analogies with the courtly and chivalric ethos cultivated by an ideal Italian courtier. In the following article, the author proposes a comparative analysis of the two masterpieces of Old Japanaese and Italian literature, in the context of world literature and comparative studies of classical world literatures, with the aim of indicating some universal qualities and conduct that characterized a courtier, also from the perspective of chivalric ethos.

„Rycerz mężny Ostoja, który roty wodzieł”. Cnoty herbowe rodu Ostojczyków w literaturze panegirycznej XVI–XVIII wieku

Author(s): Bartłomiej Michał Wołyniec / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The genealogical‑heraldical discourse and interest of the Polish nobility in exploring the origins of coats of arms and history of heraldic clans resonated in the panegyric literature nad compilations published at the end of the 16th century.Heraldic legends and theatrical performances inspired by heraldic motifs, stemmas, figurative poems and funeral sermons were only a part of the eventful lives of the Polish nobility. The coats of arms nevertheless, were the fundamental of their existence, their social characteristic and an identifying symbol. Therefefore, they became a focus of interest for panaegyric writers. The treasure trove of works they left behind demonstrates the richness of modern Polish culture.In the following study, the author conducts an analysis and interpretation of varioustexts of Old Polish literature whose central theme was the Ostoja coat of arms featuringa sword with a crescent on each side. These works convey, to a large extent, the ideal of manthe Ostojas were confronted with by the heraldic legend created by Bartłomiej Paprocki. Onthe one hand, it is a theatrical performance eulogizing the glory of the Piestrzecki family,on the other hand, various poems concern the members of the Szyszkowskis, Gajewskis,Błociszewskis and other Ostoja families. They are supplemented by the funeral sermon delivered during a memorial service for Dadzibóg Władysław Słuszek.

„Rzeka krwi” i pewien możliwy dialog międzykulturowy

Author(s): Grażyna Szwat-Gyłybowa / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5 (8)/2015

The article represents an attempt to reflect on the possible causes of a positive reception in Bulgaria for the painting entitled {The Batak Massacre} (1892) by a Polish artist, Antoni Piotrowski. This work is considered one of the most eloquent visualizations of the traumatic events of significance to Bulgarians that took place during the so-called anti-Turkish April uprising in 1876. Due to the entanglement of circumstances the massacre in Batak has grown to the status of a national myth. The artist, well acquainted with the current situation in the Balkans (which is documented in his autobiography), could not have, however, been fully aware of the semantic potential of the associations invoked by his painting. The topos of the “river of blood”, placed at the centre of attention, interpreted by Piotrowski in a manner differing from that in Southern Slavic folklore or Bulgarian literature, becomes the starting point for the author’s reflections on the repertoire of associations that this work could invoke in the recipient “initiated” into the meanders of their own culture, as was Ivan Vazov, the writer and apologist for the painting. The suggested research approach can be put in the realm of a particular imagology based on the reconstruction of possible strategies to negotiate meanings in intercultural relations.

„Samą zemstą dusza nie wyżyje...” Wendetta w Trylogii Henryka Sienkiewicza

Author(s): Cezary Zalewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 09/2016

The article concerns the problem of revenge in Henryk Sienkiewicz’s Trilogy. It was distinguished and described two models of it. The first one is spontaneous, irrational, and emotional; the second one – i.e. clan revenge – is conceptual, and perfectly executed. The article examines such problems as: a circulations of violence, kinds of personal engagements in it (as subject, object and victim), and its effects.

„SANTA MARIA” FOREVER. Eesti ja Portugali kirjandussuhetest

Author(s): Toomas Haug / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 01/2012

In January 1961 all papers wrote about the seizure of the Portuguese liner „Santa Maria” in protest against the dictatorship ruling Portugal at the time. In occupied Estonia „Santa Maria” became a symbol of freedom and rebellion whose use in arts and literature is best exemplified by a painting by Aleksander Suuman and a romantic freedom-singing poem by Paul-Eerik Rummo. Even a cafe ship in Tartu on the river Emajõgi was popularly christened „Santa Maria”. Those were marks of the social optimism raised in Estonia by the political „thaw” of the early 1960s, soon, however, running into the sands of reaction.

„Se numea Sarah”

Author(s): Francisc Schneider / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2011

Romanciera Tatiana de Rosnay, scriitoare franceză născută în 1961, cea mai citită în Europa, este printre primii zece autori de ficţiune. După o serie de publicaţii jurnalistice şi romane, cartea "Se numea Sarah", apărută în 2007 şi publicată în 36 de ţări, îi aduce consacrarea, amplificată şi de ecranizarea din 2010.

„Sein ganzes Leben war ein Streunen…“

Author(s): Pál Ignotus / Language(s): German / Issue: 8-9/2005

„Seks czarnuchów dla każdego”. Czarny intruz w przestrzeni białego dyskursu w powieści amerykańskiego mainstreamu przełomu lat 60. i 70.

Author(s): Jerzy Kamionowski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 06/2015

The article describes the intrusion of the previously “invisible” black Stranger into the “white” discursive space. It further shows how this phenomenon was represented in the mainstream American novel of the 1960s and 1970s. The author analyses three works: Mr. Sammler’s Planet by S. Bellow, The Tenants by B. Malamud, and Rabbit, Redux by J. Updike. Here, the black intrusion into the “white language” is observed in threes spheres: symbolic, aesthetic, and ideological. This contamination of white discourse causes fear and rejection, but, at the same time, it brings fascination with Afro-American – a dangerous Stranger. Eventually, the novels confirm the reflection by Toni Morrison: since American literature is unmistakably a product of the dominant culture of whites, it therefore, becomes invariably connected with Afro-American presence in the United States.

„Semn” de carte: Nicolae Iuga, Securitatea, cezarul şi sfoara de câlţi a lui Elie Wiesel

Author(s): Speranţa Sofia Milancovici / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 10/2012

Există cărţi care, deşi grele de sens şi de implicaţii, te leagă de textul lor într-un mod neaşteptat, de îndată ce te afunzi în lectură. Cum anume? Vă voi mărturisi impactul pe care l-a avut asupra mea de îndată ce voi fi încheiat prezentarea efectivă a volumui-document /pe care îl semnalăm în aceste rânduri. Volumul lui Nicolae Iuga, intitulat Securitatea, cezarul şi sfoara de câlţi a lui Elie Wiesel (apărut la Editura Limes, Cluj Napoca, 2012, ISBN 978-973-726-669-9), se constuie într-o încercare de restituire a unor bucăţi de istorie recentă care au marcat, din penumbră, devenirea profesională şi personală a autorului, ca şi pe a aceea a celorlalte personaje care populează paginile unui „dosar de securitate”.

„Sen polski”: przypadek romantyków i nie tylko

Author(s): Michał Kuziak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2016

This article proposes the notion of ‘the Polish dream’ as it appears in Polish literature at the end of the eighteenth century. The Romantic period saw the development of this unique phenomenon and its symbolic meanings. ‘The Polish dream’ thrives until this day. At its centre lies the traumatic experience of Polish history (or, rather, a variety of such experiences). The dream makes it possible to relive this experience and at the same time to construct a symbolic field through which it can be understood; this symbolic field also defines the horizon of activities. In Romantic literature, this field is associated with messianism. What emerges as a result is the oneiric depressive-compensatory position, which is essential to Polish identity, and which can be found in the works of Mickiewicz, Słowacki and Krasiński.

„Sen srebrny Salomei”, czyli parada hybryd

Author(s): Dariusz Skórczewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2011

The essay offers a rereading of Juliusz Słowacki’s puzzling and semantically complex masterwork “Salomea’s Silver Dream” (1843) in the light of postcolonial theory. The author applies Edward Said’s concept of orientalism and Homi Bhabha’s notions of hybridity, ambivalence, and mimicry to the study of representation of Polish and Ukrainian literary characters and their interactions in the drama against the historical and cultural background of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Polish Romanticism. Unlike most of his contemporaries, Słowacki did not subscribe to the discourse of orientalisation of Ukraine as Poland’s “Other,” that dominated Polish writings of his era. The paper concludes that although “Salomea’s Silver Dream” was written by a Polish Romantic poet, it succeeded in transcending the limitations of the European political and literary ideas by offering a unique postcolonial perspective on Polish-Ukrainian relations, one in which the Polish presence in Ukraine was problematized, the Ukrainian agency was mobilized, and Ukrainian self-esteem was boosted.

„Shakespeare a sláger...” (Egy levélváltás emléknyomai)

Author(s): Ferenc Takács / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 09/2010

„Silezjologiczna eseistyka…”? „Śląska szkoła eseju”? Refleksje wokół książki Mariusza Jochemczyka Wobec tradycji. Śląskie szkice oikologiczne

Author(s): Elżbieta Dutka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2017

The book by Mariusz Jochemczyk, Facing tradition. Sketches in Silesian oikology, serves here as an example of some broader tendency, which can be described as Silesian essay writing or Silesian autobiographical essay writing. The author of the article asks a question about commonalities between such books as Nagrobek Ciotki Cili (Aunt Cilia’s Tombstone) by Stefan Szymutko, Antygona w świecie korporacji (Antigone in corporation) by Tadeusz Sławek, Listy z Rzymu (Letters from Rome) by Zbigniew Kadłubek, Lajerman by Aleksander Nawarecki and the afore mentioned book by Mariusz Jochemczyk. Certain essayistic ‘idioms’ of the discussed authors are being described here. The author asks about the future of the phenomenon, which refers to regional issues but certainly is not only of a local nature.

„Sing mir ein Heimatlied“: Musik, Gesang und nationale Identität in Prag um 1900. Ein Lektüregang durch zeitgenössische literarische Texte ...

Author(s): Vera Schneider / Language(s): German / Issue: 01+02/2008