Epica magna. Melania Bancea, Capitolul 6
The text is a fragment from a novel written by Melania Bancea.
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The text is a fragment from a novel written by Melania Bancea.
More...Инсектный дискурс пьесы Михаила Булгакова в литературном контексте конца 1920-х годов
The aim of the paper was to analyze the comedy Tarakanovshchina, which was written by Leo Nikulin and Victor Ardov in the summer of 1928, a few months after Bulgakov’s play The Flight was completed. The authors altered the insects motifs of Bulgakov’s work, pamphletically depicting the Soviet literary environment of the late 1920s and, more broadly, the USSR system and lifestyle as a whole. The allusions field in Tarakanovshchina is not limited to The Flight, the “cockroach” theme is supplemented by “bedbugs” motifs: the comedy parodies Vladimir Mayakovsky’s script Forget the Fireplace, from which his well-known comedy The Bedbug later arose. Moreover, Mayakovsky himself is depicted in Tarakanovshchina in the character of Moscow poet. A comparative analysis proves that many motifs of Tarakanovshchina are resonated with the “literary” line of novel The Master and Margarita (as believed, the beginning of Bulgakov’s work on it dates back to 1928). The problems considered in the Evgenij Jablokov article allow to make the conclusion that Tarakanovshchina was not only a response to the play The Flight. This comedy had to a certain extent influence on the Bulgakov’s concept of “The Novel about the Devil”
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The article concerns selected areas of Professor Franciszek Ziejka’s scientific interests, which are related in part to the real and in part to the literary history of one of the villages of the Lesser Poland region – Gręboszów. The first of the themes presented in the study takes a closer look at the historical and editorial work of Franciszek Ziejka focused on the legacy of Jakub Bojko – a peasant writer and a leading political activist, co-founder of the Polish peasant movement, who originated from Gręboszów. The second of the topics discussed in the sketch concerns an equally important and separate “route” in the Krakow scholar’s peregrinations in Gręboszów, involving attempts at a difficult reading of the origins and artistic intentions contained in Stanisław Wyspiański’s tragedy Klątwa, a work which occupies one of the central places in Franciszek Ziejka’s historical and literary research. The seemingly regional dimension of this study in fact reveals much more universal issues from the history of Polish history and culture, which Professor Franciszek Ziejka dealt with in his research.
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This article attempts to sketch a picture of Mikhail Bulgakov’s literary works (prose and drama), together with their historical and political background, as a prelude to his own adventure with film and the later, already posthumous, screen adaptations of his works – led by The Master and Margarita. Viewed in this way, Bulgakov’s transition from prose (The White Guard) to drama (Turbine Days) may appear to be only the first step towards his adventure with film. It seems that the path from novel through drama to film is much easier than the direct path from novel to film. The theatrical contexts of Bulgakov’s works are outlined, as well as musical contexts, including opera and musicals. Bulgakov’s scripts for the screen adaptations of Gogol’s The Government Inspector and The Dead Souls, which were never made, are also briefly described. The role of the space of Kiev and Moscow is emphasized as well as two of the writer’s most significant mythical cities, along with Jerusalem, Rome and Paris. The article emphasizes the cinematic nature of Bulgakov’s works. In this film-theatrical context the research opinions of such authors as Konstantin Paustovsky, Andrzej Drawicz, Marietta Chudakova, Alexey Varlamov, Eugene Zamiatin, Miron Petrovsky, Alicja Helman and Joanna Wojnicka are recalled. The urban dimension of The Master and Margarita is outlined, as the apotheosis of the city and the achievements of civilization, which will also translate to later screen adaptations of this masterpiece.
More...Korespondencja w latach 1972–1994
The compiled collection of letters from Gustaw Herling-Grudziński and Mikhail Heller is onlya small testimony to the relationship between these two outstanding intellectuals – a Polishand a Russian emigrant. Both of them were very strongly experienced by the repressive Sovietsystem, but in both of them we find a strong fascination with the Russian culture, mentality – maybe even “civilisation”. It is not surprising, then, that they found common topics fortalks and disputes, had the same friends, and read the same books. In a sense, each of themfound in the other person a kind of “soul mate”, an intellectual partner and finally a friend.Correspondence played a rather complementary and additional role in their relationship, itwas only one of the many available methods of contact. They both met frequently in Parisand Italy, the “Russian dinners” with Mikhail and Eugenia Heller became famous, whichHerling remembered very fondly. The author of the “Inny Świat”, as a co–creator and oneof the most important people in the editorial group of “Kultura”, also had constant contactwith Heller – an author who printed monthly reviews of the Soviet press in the periodicalof the Literary Institute. The Polish émigré also wrote two forewords to the Russian’s books.An important element in the correspondence – and probably also in their lives – was themutual mediation in contacts with the third parties: by providing leads, letters, articles orpress clippings.Despite the fact that the correspondence is “defective”, containing obvious “holes” (whetherit is caused by the loss of the letters or simply the interruption of their exchange), the correspondence shows how the acquaintance of Mikhail Heller and Gustaw Herling-Grudzińskievolved. It is an important source for recreating the excerpts from the biographies of both ofthem and – in a broader context – tells us a bit about the relations within the community of“Kultura” and the contacts of this community with the Russian emigration.
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The purpose of the interview is to recall the artistic collaboration between Tadeusz Różewiczand Kazimierz Braun. Braun directed 19 productions based on plays by Różewicz in Poland – in Lublin and Wrocław, and abroad – in the United States, Bulgaria and Ireland. Hisproductions have always won the highest reviews by Polish and foreign critics and scholars.
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Trauma is one of the key concepts of the analysis of the construction of the character in “The Hounding”, the novel published in 2016 by Belarusian and Russian writer, Sasha Filipenko. One of the main characters of this novel is Lev Smyslov, who should be considered as a certain type of a member of modern post-Soviet society, who had to meet the new, unstable reality being a result of socio-political changes in the last decades of the 20th century. Trauma becomes the base for the process of formation of Lev’s personality: painful tests he came through at the 1990s had a deforming effect on his consciousness, life aspirations and predetermined his future. His engrossing desire is to be a part of the upper class – and he is ready to pay any price for it. The traumatic experience changes the inner world of the character and becomes the cause of his incurable fears as well as his sophisticated cruelty, which let him destroy other people’s life.
More...Słów kilka o nowym wydawnictwie naukowym Karpackiej Państwowej Uczelni w Krośnie
The article presents an overview of Leokadia Styrcz-Przebinda’s book “Linguo-cultural Concepts and Translation. Nabokov and others”. This book presents a number of works by the author showing a wide range of her scientific and translational interests, but focusing primarily on the study of specific concepts of linguo-cultural set in a broad literary context. The focus was on Russian linguo-cultural concepts: sadness/longing and happiness/joy considered in the context of other European languages. An important sphere of achievements of the author of the collection are translations of theoretical works by the Russian linguist Grigory Kruzhkov, which can inspire other researchers to undertake bold scientific challenges, are also an important sphere of the author’s achievements. The presented review shows the most important qualities of the book and allows us to evaluate its great scientific and cognitive qualities.
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У раду се разматрају језичко-стилске одлике говора ликова у комедији Зла жена Јована Стерије Поповића са циљем да се утврди улога језика у индивидуализацији ликова различитог друштвеног статуса и различитих карактера. Извршена је анализа фонетских, морфолошких и синтаксичких језичких особина, која упућује на то да сви ликови говоре у основи смедеревсковршачким дијалектом са доста елемената банатских говора војвођанског поддијалекта. Анализа лексике (лексичко-семантичка и етимолошка) показала је да представници вишег друштвеног слоја користе славеносрбизме, иако не у већој мери, а сви ликови у свом говору имају позајмљенице различитог порекла (турцизме, романизме, германизме, хунгаризме, грецизме). У говору главне јунакиње Султане, „зле жене”, преовладавају експресиви, док мајстор Срета у свом говору користи обућарске термине, што њихове ликове чини уверљивијим.
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Contemporary literary criticism is increasingly seen in an interdisciplinary concept between literary science and journalism (e.g. Mária Stanková). There may be several reasons for this, not least the fact that literary critical texts are now written not only by renowned literary critics, but also by anyone interested in commenting on literature. In view of the increasing subjectivity of expressing and presenting the reader's evaluation of a work of fiction in literary-critical reviews, we focus on its various types published in 2021 with regard to emotionally-expressive lexical units. The aim of the paper is to compare the peculiarities of expressive-emotional expression in reviews of literary-cultural periodicals (Fraktál, Books on the Reach) and opinion-forming media (Pravda, .week) by means of text analysis.
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Gregory of Sinai is considered the foremost teacher of Hesychasm during the 14th century. His life and activities are directly connected with Bulgaria and especially with the hesychastic community of Paroria. His Vita written by the Patriarch Kallistos I. in Greek was translated and preserved in Slavic manuscripts. The oldest one is the Codex Athon. Zographou 214 (dated between 1371–1385). The translator’s identity of the Vita still remains an open question. In my opinion, the possibility of identifying the translator with Evtimij Tărnovskij should be seriously examined.
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The commentated psalter, ordered by the Bulgarian king John Alexander and copied in 1337, is known as the Pesnivets of John Alexander and also as the Sofia or Kuklen Pesnivets. It is kept in the Scientific Archive of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (NA-BAN 2). Its codicological and textological peculiarities, together with its history have been subjects of discussion since the time of its founding in the Kuklen monastery but they still cannot be explained in a satisfactory way. With regard to the envisaged edition of the manuscript this paper summarizes the main hypotheses rised dirung its study. The first hypothesis addresses the king’s commission and it assumes, after reconsidering the various statements and opinions tying to relate the year 1337 to a significant event in the king’s governing, that it was rather a momentary wish, expressed at a time when he had established his political position. The second hypothesis proposes an explanation of the very obvious rework of the manuscript by cutting two leaves at its middle, at ps. 77, and inserting there a gathering with the interpretations of the Creed and the Lord’s prayer. Again, the question is what could have provoked the change of the manuscript’s composition and when it happened, taking into account the fact that the additional gathering was copied by the first main scribe of the psalter. After rejecting the hypotheses of its later addition, which considered two events equally suitable for proclaiming king’s orthodoxy – the possible re-adressing of the manuscript in relation with his ktetorship in the Bachkovo monastery, or his role in convoking of the anti-heretical councils – a more pragmatic solution was tested. As the overal design of the manuscript is somewhat simple and the only miniature, in a sharp contrast with it, is painted on a single folio and put in the middle of the codex, it seems more plausible – and is supported by codicological evidence – that a decision to make the manuscript more appropriate for a ruler by changing its design was taken exactly at the moment when the copyist reached the middle of the psalms. As the two cut-off leaves were integral with the illuminated folio and the next one, they could have been still blank or with some text on them, therefore easier to sacrifice. Why a miniature representing Christ Ancient of Days was placed before ps. 77, is explicated in earlier publications of the author. To adorn the manuscript with the miniature, surrounded by inscriptions with the king’s titulatures, may have been planned together with including the additional texts. Therefore the latter were copied separately, in a single gathering. Regarding the non-aesthetic appearance of this bulky gathering now preceding the miniature, one recalls the remark of Benyo Tsonev in his catalogue that the original place of these folios might have been at the end of the manuscript. However, to whom belonged the idea of the incertions and when the last gathering was moved to its present place remains unknown. It must be emphasized though that the new composition of the image and the interpretative texts resulted in a unique and sophisticated ideological message. Next are offered hypotheses of the manuscript’s origin and its late history. It was agreed that the capital Tarnovo, as other scholars already claimed, was the most likely locality of the scribes’ team; and more, perhaps it was the royal chancellery around which the literary activity initiated by John Alexander began, provided that the script of the psalter is very similar to that of the Zograf monastery charter (1342) and that the codex itself testifies for an early stage of fulfilling royal orders. Whether the first trained scribes were monks from the hesychast circles suported by the king is another open question. The most extravagant hypothesis concerns the travel of Pesnivets to the Kuklen monastery, in vicinity to the Bachkovo monastery. A note in the psalter mentions the death of the Serbian despote George Branković and the only place where it could resonate was the Rila monastery, to which the relics of St John of Rila were translated from Tarnovo through the agency of Mara Branković, George’s daughter. In the monastery was copied the only other known commentated psalter with exactly the same interpretations of the Creed and Lord’s prayer placed at the mid-psalms. There is a vague evidence that Mara Branković made a donation to the Bachkovo monastery which could have included the Bulgarian king’s manuscript. Such a suggestion presuposes that the psalter was already in Rila together with other manuscripts which, as is known, came from Tarnovo, or that it accompanied the relics. However, the discrepancy between the dates of the transfer of the relics and the commemorative note, which was not current at the time, raises another problem. Unfortunately, there are no sources to support either these, or even the assumption that at some time books from the Bachkovo monastery library has been transferred to the neighbouring Kuklen monastery.
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The author of the article sets out the principles of abbreviation applied by the South Slavic translator who compiled the summary translation Протль(к) лу(т)ргїи, и црк҃ви, и чинꙋ сщ҃енничьскомꙋ of the treatise “ Ἑρμηνεία περὶ τοῦ θείου ναοῦ” by St. Symeon of Thessalonica, known today by two transcripts – RGADA 88 and Bogišić 52. The comparison with the Greek text shows that the entire text of St. Symeon’s “Interpretation of the Temple” undergoes a systematic condensation at both macro and micro textual levels. The condensation is tied to the goals set by the translator. For purely practical reasons, he reduced the text of the treatise to a minimum, preserving only the most important and unambiguous explanations of the liturgical sequence, of the parts of the church building, of the liturgical utensils and vestments. However, additional reflections, alternative interpretations and a large part of the quotations from the Holy Scriptures and the liturgical books were removed. This gives reason to define the liturgical interpretation from RGADA 88 and Bogišić 52 as an epitome of its Byzantine source – the treatise “ Ἑρμηνεία περὶ τοῦ θείου ναοῦ” by St. Symeon of Thessalonica, its concise summary.
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The article is devoted to the description of the conquest of Constantinople and the Genoese colony of Pera in La Cronica dall’anno 1400 all’anno 1500 of the Florentine Benedetto Dei. The author situates the two chapters dedicated to these victories in the context of the entire chronicle; she dwells on issues such as the sources of information, the time of compilation, mistakes made, the general assessment of events dictated by Benedetto Dei’s biases and widespread public opinions. A Bulgarian translation of the chapters Otomanno Ughulì gran turco 1453; Pera 1454 is applied.
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In the Russian Chronograph the history of the Slavs is presented as part of the world history. The history of the Bulgarians also occupies an important place in the chronicle. The separate editions and transcripts of the Russian chronograph contain valuable information about the fall of the Bulgarian state under Ottoman rule, included in chapters and paragraphs devoted to the Serbian history. It tells about the conquest of the Vidin kingdom, the death of Constantine, the son of Tsar Ivan Sratsimir, the destruction of Bulgaria and other Balkan countries, presented as God‘s punishment for the many sins of Christians. Some of the information contained in the Chronograph is missing in other Russian chronicles. A number of peculiarities of the text show that in addition to the Life of Stefan Lazarević by Constantine of Kostenets, Serbian chronicles were used as a source for Bulgarian history. Among the Bulgarian works used in compiling the Russian Chronograph, there is no one that describes the fall of Bulgarian lands under Ottoman rule, and Serbian sources are the ones that fill the gap. At a time when Serbs and Bulgarians had a similar fate and Bulgarian writers worked in the Serbian royal court, historical texts tell the story of the Balkan peoples as a common struggle against the conquerors.
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Nathan Devers, pe numele său adevărat Nathan Naccache, la cei 24 de ani ai săi, se află deja, în 2022, la al treilea roman, Les Liens artificiels, publicat de editura Albin Michel, venit la puţin timp după Ciel et terre (Flammarion, 2020) şi Espace fumeur (Grasset, 2021). Legăturile artificiale au beneficiat imediat de atenţia publicului şi a criticii, romanul aflându-se în competiţia pentru mai multe premii literare prestigioase (regăsindu-se inclusiv în cadrul selecţiei anunțate de Academia Goncourt).
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According to American cultural historian and academic librarian Robert Darnton, the history of the book resembles a tropical rainforest more than a research field. On the other hand, French historian and historiographer Roger Chartier suggests exploring different types of reading. Following the extensive contribution of both scholars, this paper strives to present a short review of the emergence, scope, and development of the history of books and reading, as well as its leading authors and works. Furthermore, the paper utilizes three English novels to briefly shed light on the phenomenon of the readers’ and critics’ reception in different social and historical contexts. In compliance with the observed, this paper concludes with the anticipation of the increased significance of the history of books and reading, keeping in mind the changing reading habits in the digital era.
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