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Eesti bukoolikast

Author(s): Janika Päll / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 06/2013

Older Estonian literature is often regarded as heir to German literature, while its relations with the European poetic tradition, which is based on the antique, have been studied less. The article attempts to track down traces of classical bucolic in Estonian poetry, starting from a survey of the local bucolics (usually part of nuptial poetry) written in classical languages and publishing the first Estonian translation together with an edition of the original text. The importance of the cento-technique (collage) is also demonstrated for the Latin idyll. The 17th- and 18th-century idyll, written either in German or Estonian, sticks to the formal devices (dialogue) without directly borrowing from the antique, whereas Kristian Jaak Peterson seems to have returned ad fontes (using Theocritus Idyll 8 as a formal example). According to the preliminary study the local history of the genre ends with the anti-idyllic Eesti pastoraal /Estonian pastoral song/ by August Alle.

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Lõhnav Palanumäe

Author(s): Jaanus Vaiksoo / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 05/2012

Smell is one of the most powerful human sensations evoking memories. A single whiff may bring back images from decades ago. When reading the novel series Minge üles mägedele („Go Up the Hills”) (prologue + 12 volumes) by Mats Traat one can hardly avoid sensing the importance of smells. Traat’s vivid sense of smell makes him almost unique among the Estonian authors. Thus his novels represent, inter alia, an Estonian history in smells from the mid-19th to the mid-20th century. In the mid-19th an Estonian may still easily get chastised in the stables of the manor and feel the sickening smell of coagulated blood sticking to the whipping bench. The end of the 19th century witnesses the advent of several household innovations bringing along the smells, for example, of oil lamp or coffee. In the same half-century many farms are bought from landlords for perpetuity and Estonians become masters in their own farms. Proudly discussing matters of local administration they emit a strong stench of smoke from heating their chimneyless homes as well as from tobacco. Flax being a plant of freedom (the first farms were bought for flax money) the sour smell of retting flax is spreading all around the farmhouse. Each period of history has its own symbolic smell: a pungent smell of dust heralding the war; gunpowder and raw spirits introduce World War I and Bolshevik power; the farmer looking for a new wife smells violets; the smell of fresh earth is associated with the times Estonia becomes a republic and a lot of Estonians become landowners; the economic crisis of the 1930s is accompanied by smells of automobiles, firebrands, burning, and liquid manure. Little Hinn of the last volume Õelate lamp („A Lamp of the Evil Ones”) carries the childhood memories, olfactory ones included, of the author himself. According to historian Ernst Bloch people have forgotten how dark a night can be. Yet can we feel, when reading, the smells of the past?

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Väljatung kui väljakutse. Eesti viikingiromaanid ja mälupoliitika 1930. aastatel

Author(s): Linda Kaljundi / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 08-09/2013

While the interwar literatures of the big, established European nation states afforded historical fiction but a marginal position, the genre did not lose its functionality for the new nations. The late 1930s witnessed a new rise of the Estonian historical novel. This article analyses two of the most emblematic examples of this boom, namely, the Estonian Viking novels Urmas ja Merike („Urmas and Merike”, 1935–1936) by Karl August Hindrey and Läänemere isandad („The Lords of the Baltic Sea”, 1936) by August Mälk. Examining the relations between historical fiction and national history, it contextualizes those works on the background of two major trends that characterized the Estonian politics of memory at that period of authoritarianism and state managed nationalism: a replacement of the previous victim perspective with the longing for a victorious, militant past and an emphasis laid on the historical connections with Scandinavia. What both of these strategies seem to hold in common is a quest for substitutes for a colonial history. The narrative representations of the Estonian Vikings, however, reveal significant anxiety concerning this new version of history, suggesting the return of the suppressed colonial humiliation in fiction. The relations between the historical novel and other media of cultural memory form another frame for the current discussion. While the historical novel has a remarkable potential in the shaping and reshaping of national cultural memories, including the Estonian one, in this case the genre seems to reveal the gaps and holes in the postcolonial new national history, doing it significantly better than visual culture, built environment and performances, which had been previously used for representing the ancient Estonians as Vikings, or Scandinavians.

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Eesti ajalooromaani poeetika ja poliitika. Sissejuhatuseks

Author(s): Linda Kaljundi,Eneken Laanes / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 08-09/2013

During the past 150 years historical fiction has been one of the key „memory forms” contributing to the making and consolidation of Estonian cultural memory and national history. Nevertheless, it has rarely been studied from that perspective. The introductory article to the special issue on the Estonian historical novel and cultural memory firstly gives an overview of the concept of cultural memory and discusses the perspectives it opens up for the study of the Estonian historical novel. It also suggests some new ways to explore the relationship of historical fiction with other media of cultural memory such as historiography, politics of history, and visual culture. Secondly, the article places the Estonian history of the genre in an international context, giving a brief overview of its development during different periods of Estonian history and concentrating in particular on the link between the historical novel and nation building. Alongside many similarities with the developments in other literatures, the article highlights some considerable digressions from the European mainstream, namely, the eminent role of the historical novel in the newly established Estonian nation state in the 1930s and during the late Soviet period in the 1970s.

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LuuLetajaks kujunemine. Liidia Tuulse 100

Author(s): Livia Viitol / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 03/2012

The article follows the poetic formation of the oldest living Estonian author Liidia Tuulse. The roles of Bernard Kangro, Helmi Mäelo, Marie Under, Arno Vihalemm, Õie Fleig-Tamm and others in that process are pointed out. The mutual relations of the expatriate authors, emergence of creative impulses and the phenomenally smooth evolution of Lidia Tuulse into a poetess are discussed. Bernard Kangro’s interest in Liidia Tuulse’s poetic career was based on their shared school memories from Valga and a mystical South-Estonian sense of nature. The talent of the young Liidia Tuulse was also noticed by Marie Under, whose supportive attitude enhanced her self-confidence. Projection of the emotions and experiences gained from her home landscapes to those of Sweden, Norway and Switzerland is part of the poetess’s quest of identity. This quest culminates in her travel through Estonian nature and herself in the summer of 1965.

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Rist ja rõõm. Lisandusi Leida Kibuvitsa eluloole

Author(s): Maarja Vaino / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 10/2012

The article throws some light on the post-1940 life of an Estonian female author in relative oblivion. In the 1930s Leida Kibuvits was one of the most talented and prolific female prose writers, whose novels were well received both by readers and critics. The article describes her life in occupied Estonia before and after her arrest in 1950, touches briefly upon changes in her oeuvre, and gives an idea of the life of her daughter and grandson in the 1960s. The main sources used are her arrest file, so far unexplored, and correspondence. Another important source are interviews of her friends Regina Guli and Lennart-Hans Jürgenson.

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Marie von Bruiningki tundeline revolutsioon. Märkmeid ühest Faehlmanni patsiendist

Author(s): Kristi Metste / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 04/2012

The article discusses a biographical circumstance concerning Friedrich Robert Faehlmann (1798-1850), notably his relations with Marie (Méry) von Bruiningk (1818-1853) from the Lieven family. Estonian historiography knows Marie von Bruiningk as a revolutionary of 1848, a democrat and, possibly, a revolutionary agitator, the spiritual leader of the circle associated with the Bruiningk family in the 1840s. Also, her association with Karl Marx and the Russian revolutionary Alexander Herzen has been pointed out. Friedrich Robert Faehlmann was the family doctor and friend of the Bruiningks. His putative relations with Marie von Bruiningk have enhanced the political weight of his activity, while fiction has been feeding the myth of their possible intimate relationship. However, Marie von Bruiningk’s correspondence with Luise and Wilhelm Zimmermann (Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach) and with Johanna and Gottfried Kinkel (Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn), hitherto neglected by Estonian historiography, as well as the correspondence between Karl Marx and Alexander Herzen, and some other sources enable the conclusion that Marie von Bruiningk was not a key figure in the German Revolution of 1848, although she provided material support to certain revolutionary figures and events. In 1851-1852 the London home of the Bruiningks became a salon for German political exiles. Marie von Bruiningk seems to have been a typical lady of the salon. She became a partisan of the heroes of the hour, in particular of Gottfried Kinkel, and a sentimental poetess of the revolution. In the book „König und Dichter” (1851), under the pen-names of G. W. and Gottfried Welle, she published a few poems singing Kinkel. Doctor Faehlmann, however, mentioned by Marie von Bruiningk in a couple of letters to the Kinkels, does not seem to have belonged to her close friends, rather, the case concerns a confiding relationship between doctor and patient.

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Vaba mees Bornhöhe "Tasujas". Kulturimälu, rändavad vormid ja rahvuse rajajooned

Author(s): Eneken Laanes / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 07/2012

The article deals with the most prominent text of the first wave of Estonian historical fiction, which is Eduard Bornhöhe’s Tasuja (1880, The Avenger). The novella is exemplary of the role of historical fiction as the medium of cultural memory in the Estonian nation building period of the second half of the 19th century. However, while the previous research on the text has underscored the creation of the figure of a militant national hero, the article explores the trope of the ’free man’ created in the novella, searching its roots in the contemporary historical culture, social reality as well as literature. On the one hand, the novella borrows extensively from other media of cultural memory such as early modern chronicles and contemporary texts of popular history. On the other hand, the figure of the free man who stands in between conflicting social classes is a literary device typical of Walter Scott’s historical novel. The article traces Scott’s influence on Bornhöhe through Alexandre Dumas’s rendering of the stories of Wilhelm Tell. In the line with Franco Moretti’s idea of travelling forms the article then explores how the type of the protagonist, foreign to the contemporary idealistic context of Estonian literature, became productive in the local context in drawing the boundaries of the nation. Whereas in many literatures the historical novel has had a streamlining function working for the erasure of borders within a nation, in the Estonian context, the article argues, the 19th-century historical fiction worked primarily to strengthen the border between Estonians and other ethnicities (Baltic Germans, russians etc) of the Baltic area. In conclusion the article opens up a new perspective on the history of the 19th-century Estonian fiction which has traditionally been discussed in terms of belated romanticism and lack of stylistic unity. In taking cue from Moretti’s idea of travelling forms the stylistic heterogeneity is reinterpreted as a sign of multiple incoherent innovations in the national literary tradition.

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Otto Wilhelm Masing valgustusliku laste- ja noortekirjanikuna

Author(s): Ave Mattheus / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 07/2012

Otto Wilhelm Masing (1763–1832) gilt in der estnischen Kulturgeschichte als Aufklärer par excellence. Auch in der Geschichte der estnischen Kinderliteratur wurden seine Verdienste gewürdigt, weil er im Jahre 1795 ein ABC-Buch mit weltlichen Lesetexten veröffentlichte, das einzigartig und seiner Zeit voraus war. Masing hat noch weitere ABC-Bücher, didaktische Erzählungen und religiöse Texte für Jugendliche verfasst, die allerdings bisher noch nicht untersucht sind. Der vorliegende Artikel nimmt alle seine Werke, die an Kinder und Jugendliche gerichtet sind, unter genauere Betrachtung und analysiert ihre inhaltlichen und formalen Eigenschaften sowie sucht ihre möglichen Vorbilder. Den größeren Teil seines Kinder- und Jugendwerkes bilden religiöse Texte, zwei Historienbibeln (1819, 1824), die Adaptationen des traditionenbildenden Werkes von Johann Hübner „Zweymal zwey und funffzig Auserlesene Biblische Historien Aus dem Alten und Neuen Testamente” (1714) sind, und ein religiöses Haus- und Handbuch (1825). Darüber hinaus hat Masing in seinen ABC-Büchern Kindergebete und biblische Sprüche gebracht, die zu den wichtigen Gattungen der aufklärerischen religiösen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur gehören. Die zweite Gruppe seiner Kinder- und Jugendtexte bilden acht didaktische Erzählungen und Sittenlehren aus dem ABC-Buch des Jahres 1795 sowie Parabeln, Beispielgeschichten und (Vers)Rätsel aus der von ihm selbst herausgegebenen „Wochenzeitung des Landvolkes” (1821–1823, 1825). Die Untersuchung der weltlichen Texte von Masing ergab, daß seine möglichen Vorbilder Christian Felix Weiße, Johann Peter Hundeiker, Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim und Christian Fürchtegott Gellert sind – hervorragende Vertreter der deutschen aufklärerischen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur. Masing ist seinen deutschen Vorbildern nicht sklavisch gefolgt, sondern hat die Texte den Bedürfnissen und dem Bildungsstand des bäuerlichen Lesers angepasst, was bedeutet, dass er einige ursprünglich kinder- und jugendliterarische Texte in doppeladressierte Werke umgewandelt hat, weil in Belangen, die über den bäuerlichen Alltag hinausgingen, bedurften nicht nur estnische Kinder und Jugendliche Nachhilfe, sondern auch Erwachsene. Dennoch gehört er zu den hervorragendsten und vielseitigsten Autoren der estnischen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur der Aufklärungszeit.

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Modernity, Intertextuality and Decolonization: Some Examples from Estonian and Latvian Literature

Author(s): Anneli Mihkelev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Colonization influences the colonized country politically, economically and culturally, and colonial traces persist everywhere in a colonized society, particularly in social manners, behaviour and culture. After a period of colonization, a period of decolonization is needed. According to W. D. Mignolo, decolonization is the long-term processes involving the bureaucratic, cultural, linguistic, and psychological divesting of colonial power. The result of decolonization is a new people and community. The processes involved depend on cultural transfer, cultural relations and modernisation of smaller and peripheral national cultures. All of these processes make it possible for small and peripheral nations to find their own originality within European culture. An “external” or “alien” culture may function as a metatext in an “own” culture and it can describe the “own” culture itself via auto-communication. The literary works of smaller national cultures, such as Estonia and Latvia, represent cultural processes in the process of modernisation and the modernist period in literature at the beginning of the 20th century and also in the 21st century. The paper analyses different texts from “alien” cultures (Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the Bible etc.) which function as metatexts in “own” culture. Shakespeare’s Hamlet as a literary figure has been a very important and influential motif in Estonian literature and culture: Gustav Suits’s and Paul-Eerik Rummo’s poems used the motif of Hamlet to describe Estonian history and culture. The Bible has influenced Estonian literary culture for a long time. The function of the old biblical myths is to create the eternal, mythical dimension in literary works and create contact with old nations (e.g. Käsu Hans’, Juhan Liiv’s and Ene Mihkelson’s poetry.). Prose writers Rūdolfs Blaumanis’ and Eduard Vilde’s works represent the Baltic lifestyle, which affected peasants and aristocrats in different ways. Both writers used more of their “own” cultural system and language as metatext to describe the cultural system, rather than using external cultural systems and languages. They transformed realist, romantic and psychological realist styles and languages into internal or “own” cultural systems. All of these stories and poems demonstrate how smaller and peripheral cultures find their own original national cultures and how cultural influences and transformations work through cultural dynamics. Small nations can communicate with other cultures, and they can communicate with us; we can describe our “own” culture via auto-communication.

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“The Translator Must...”: On the Estonian Translation Poetics of the 20th Century

Author(s): Maria-Kristiina Lotman,Elin Sütiste / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The paper outlines the main features of Estonian translation poetics in the 20th century, examining the expression of the prevalent ideas guiding literary translation in writings about translation (mostly reviews and articles) in juxtaposition with examples from actual translations. The predominant ideal of translating verse and prose has been that of artistic translation, especially since the end of the 1920s. On the other hand, this general principle can be shown to have had somewhat differing emphases depending on the field of application as well as time period, ranging from the mostly form-oriented to mostly content-oriented translation.

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Method and Theory: On the Compilation of a Collection of Texts in Estonian Translation History

Author(s): Katiliina Gielen,Klaarika Kaldjärv / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Translation history is a part of cultural history and a necessary component of any literary history, but documenting it may prove to be a challenge. The present article is an attempt to describe and exemplify an ongoing project of mapping Estonian translation history through metatexts on translational issues based on the writings of translators, editors and other figures close to translation throughout Estonian literary history. The reason for collecting translational thought into one compilation lies in the importance of translation for Estonian culture both retrospectively as well as keeping in mind the future of translation and language policies and practices. The article is thematically divided into two parts. The first part is concerned with the analysis of already existing methodologies for compiling translation histories. Still, in order to get a comprehensive picture, different angles have to be considered and different methodologies applied on the material that has come down to us. Thus, what follows is the description of the ongoing project and its slightly different, empirics driven methodology. The second part of the paper gives an insight into one of the seven major topics that have emerged from the work with the texts in Estonian translation history. It is based on the discussions whether practitioners need theory, or more generally, what is translation theory and who needs it? The examples are taken from the articles and interviews with Estonian practicing translators and people close to translation such as literary critics, editors, etc. and cover the second half of the 20th century up to the contemporary times. Our aim was to show practitioners as theorists and thus narrow the gap between theory and practice of translation which has proved to be a general problem also in other cultural settings, end even currently when translation studies has established itself as a discipline. The issue has been discussed by many prominent translation studies scholars and the present article will take the opportunity to introduce their points of view.

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Rehepapp and Robin Hood: Tricksters or Heroes?

Author(s): Paul Rüsse,Karita Nuut / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

In reference books and specialised literature, the traditional distinction between the culture hero and the trickster remains surprisingly unequivocal: the latter mythological character is usually defined as the demonic or comical counterpart of the former. While it might be a useful if rigid description for an encyclopaedia, does it always hold true in works of fiction? The present essay attempts to demonstrate that the interaction of the two types is much more ambiguous, and this complex and contradictory relationship is traced through the juxtaposition of probably the best-known characters in Estonian and English folklore, Rehepapp and Robin Hood. Albeit to a different degree, these personages possess traits of both the trickster and the hero but play somewhat different roles in their respective societies. The aim of the article, therefore, is to compare these functions in Rehepapp ehk november by Andrus Kivirähk and The Adventures of Robin Hood and His Merry Outlaws by J. Walker McSpadden and Charles Wilson.

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Mapping the Estonian Literature of the Selfie-era

Author(s): Anneli Kõvamees / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

We live in the era of selfies as making photos of oneself and sharing these in social media has become extremely popular if not even a norm. The perceiving and experiencing subject is in the foreground. This is also valid in the field of literature, which has been democratized as anyone can make a book and anyone can write a book, as seen by the boom of biographies of all kinds. The My-series published by the Estonian publishing company Petrone Print illustrates these tendencies. The publishing company was founded in 2007 by Epp Petrone who had moved back to Estonia from the United States. Her My America was the first book in the series. In this series of books authors describe their lives and activities in one country or city. The series has a firm position in the Estonian literary field: the books are constantly in top ten lists and are in high demand in libraries. Taking the My-series as an example, the article maps tendencies in contemporary Estonian literature. The subject-centeredness is one of the characteristics of contemporary literature as the amount of books concentrating on one’s life experiences is quite noteworthy. The exact genre of this type of literature is ambiguous, which is another characteristic of contemporary literature. I would define the My-series books as ‘literary selfies’ as the person portrays him/herself setting the world in the background. Another issue discussed in connection with the series is migration. The demographic situation in Europe has changed and continues to change; various nationalities can be found in the world metropolises, and the shift from the monocultural and monolingual world to the multicultural and multilingual one is obvious. Therefore, more and more people have a ‘hyphenated identity’; consequently, one’s national identity may not be as clear as before. Over the last decade, a large number of Estonians have left their homeland and settled down in other countries, an aspect illustrated by the My-series.

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Deictic Close Reading

Author(s): Arne Merilai / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Inspired by practical didactics, this article suggests using pragmapoetic deictic analysis as a method to enrich close reading of poetry. When applying the pragmalinguistic theory of deixis and the analytic philosophical theory of indexicals to poetic texts, it soon becomes apparent that, in addition to traditional spatial, temporal, and personal deixis, it is also necessary to speak about emotional, or modal, deixis. The latter functions on a scale of positive and negative connotations, or, of subjective distance, which is the mental counterpart to spatial relations. In addition, poetry amplifies the intuitive deictic and egocentric quality of ostensive words of natural kind. On a formal level, however, we notice a congenital enhancement of discourse (or text) deixis, which manifests itself via self-reference using linguistic equivalence. This theory is exemplified by a deictic analysis of a short poem by Ene Mihkelson, which reveals the poem’s orientational reference system as a deictic network onto which an imaginary plot of the poem is projected. It should be noted that a deictic plot is wider than a lyrical/poetic plot, the latter being a concretization of the deictic potential created in the author’s or reader’s consciousness through the course of reading. Accordingly, we pass through three levels of analysis: (1) deictic network as the orientational frame of reference in the analyzed text, (2) deictic plot as the possible spatial and temporal dynamics of poetic thought within that frame of reference, and (3) lyrical plot as the concretization of a potential deictic plot in the conscious mind of the author or reader.

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Mediated World and Attention Crisis: Unhappy Consciousness a Hundred Years Ago

Author(s): Tanel Lepsoo / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The atmosphere of the 1920s in many ways resembles that of today. The accelerated technological development and the loss of previously stable points of reference led to the emergence of literary characters who were suffering from an identity crisis and delved into themselves, characters who could not adjust to a dominant value system that fell short of their standards but whose intellectual acumen did not allow them to resort to mere nostalgia for the past. Philippe Chardin, inspired by Hegel, has named them characters with an “unhappy consciousness”. This article focuses on the work of Estonian writer Reed Morn, specifically one of her novellas. It argues that aesthetic experience and spatial distance from the homeland may allow a character with an unhappy consciousness to find a positive solution that could be described as an ecology of attention. Such an approach can also be productive in today’s hypermedia age.

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Verflochtene Sprachen und Kulturen: Gohar Markosjan-Käspers Romane als Beispiele des mehrsprachigen Schreibens

Author(s): Aigi Heero / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2021

The present article analyses the phenomenon of multilingualism in the novels of Gohar Markosjan-Käsper (1949–2015) and discusses her life and work in the socio-political context of the former Soviet Union (in relation to language and cultural politics). Markosjan-Käsper was an Armenian-born writer who spent most of her life in Estonia and wrote her books in Russian. Accordingly, her works originated in a contact zone of different languages and cultures. This article highlights her novels Helena and Penelopa as examples of transcultural writing and analyses the manifestations and functions of multilingualism in these works. The study shows that a number of topics and motifs that are present in German-language transcultural literature also appear in Markosjan-Käsper’s novels (for example cultural comparison, self-discovery in a foreign culture). The multilingualism can be seen in these novels both explicitly and implicitly: in addition to Russian, other languages such as Armenian, Estonian, English, and Latin are used, with numerous indirect references to these languages. Furthermore, various references to world-famous novels such as Ulysses by James Joyce and Master and Margarita by Michail Bulgakov are analysed.

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Viriloid Women and Bodiless Men: On Modern Sexualities in the Oeuvre of Johannes Semper

Author(s): Merlin Kirikal / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

This article studies how the profound changes in theorizing human sexualities in the fin-de-siècle and early 20th century were used and re-used in the oeuvre of Estonian cultural moderniser Johannes Semper (18 92–1970). In his texts, two modern discourses of sexuality appear in highly telling ways: sexology and psychoanalysis, with which Semper mainly familiarises himself respectively through the works of Otto Weininger and Sigmund Freud. Taking a feminist standpoint to analyse the thoroughly male-centred sexuality discourses of the abovementioned thinkers, this article sets out to study how sexuality and gender are articulated in Semper’s oeuvre, both within a heteronormative and queer framework. Two literary texts are closely examined. The first, the short story collection Ellinor (1927), depicts the world entirely through the eyes of an emancipated woman who encounters a lesbian character – the first in Estonian literature. This encounter begins the discussion of various desires as the protagonist tries to explain her ‘femininity’ in contrast to the queer character Madame Liibeon’s ‘inversion’. The second, Semper’s novel Jealousy (1934), is used for comparison, as sexual Bildung and desires are mediated through the eyes of a male heterosexual protagonist.

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Erinevaid eetikaid märgata püüdes

Author(s): Jaak Urmet / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 04/2012

Review of: Uurimusi 1940. aastate eesti kirjandusest. Koostanud Anneli Kõvamees, Piret Viires, toimetanud Anneli Kõvamees. Tallinna Ülikool, eesti keele ja kultuuri instituudi kirjandusteaduse osakond. Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2011. 183 lk.

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Komparativismi sära

Author(s): Tiina Kirss / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 11/2012

Review of: Maire Jaanus. Kirg ja kirjandus. Esseid eesti ja Euroopa kirjandusest ja psühhoanalüüsist. Koostanud ja toimetanud märt väljataga. Tallinn: Vikerkaar, 2011. 367 lk.

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