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Departing from the notion of the “making of a socialist type of personality”, the article traces out an unparalleled, comparative analysis of the female image as it has been fashioned during the post-war period by the Soviet magazine “Krestjanka” (“Peasant”, founded in 1922) and by its Polish counterpart “Przyjaciółka” (“Friend”), established in 1948. In particular, it analyses the shift from the highly recognizable roles Soviet ideologists were pleading for by dividing women between “workers” and “peasants” (as synthesized by the very titles of the two most popular female periodicals in the USSR) to a more complex image of “friend”. In the People’s Republic of Poland (PRL) ideological propaganda went along with the attempt to give voice to women themselves. In this perspective letters addressed by the readers to the editorial board became a main feature of the magazine itself, turning it into a discussion platform which played an essential role in overcoming of the trauma of war.
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This article sets out to explore the ambiguities and points of rupture in the lyrical works of one of the best-known Irish poets of the last fifty years, Eavan Boland. I intend to zoom in on poetic sequences where the text does not flow seamlessly and will try to find possible explanations for these ruptures, illuminating, in the process, the merits of a poet who has tried to recuperate the image of the Irish woman, saving it from stereotypes and cliches. However, I will also shed light on how Boland herself falls prey to more or less the same stereotypes. What the article ultimately does is raise questions which are still waiting for answers.
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Broadcast from the early 1960s until the early 1970s, Bewitched was brought into being with the intention of providing the conventional American family with a constructive emotional outlet for when they would all gather around the TV and spend quality time together. The key demographic at that time consisted of young to middle-aged couples or newlyweds with or without children, basically the real-life versions of the characters portrayed in the show. Nowadays, the target audience has considerably diminished in number as the beloved TV series is no longer on TV. It remains available online for cinephiles and movie amateurs alike. The aim of this article is to methodically translate and analyse the potential setbacks of various comic and outdated instances encountered in the TV show Bewitched. It also consists of a thorough investigation of possible problematic linguistic aspects, as well as different sources of humour. Moreover, the target audience will be provided with alternatives in translation and additional explanations and reasonings behind the choices made.
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The article concerns Gisella Lakhman (1895–1969), a forgotten poet of the first wave of Russian emigration. Its aim is to discuss Lakhman’s creative strategy in the context of main mechanisms and processes for the literary life of Russian interwar and post-Second World War diaspora, such as extremely difficult living conditions, deprofessionalization of the writer’s profession, a sharp reduction in the reading market, loss of ties with the native culture and language, and geographical fragmentation of the literary community. The new conditions of Russian literature abroad influenced Lakhman’s creative strategy, above all her late debut in the 1940s. The reasons and results of her decision are presented, as well as her position on the literary scene of the Russian diaspora, and the reception of her work.
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Women’s freedom and its impact on the life of Nicholas Gogol is a lesser known and almost unstudied subject. This article aims to highlight some of the essential elements of the impact women had on the life of the Ukrainian-Russian classic Nicholas Gogol. Throughout the lifespan, humans are influenced by those who surround them. Some people influence through support and encouragement, others disappointing and betraying their vulnerable victims. Regardless of the positive or negative aspect of the impact, each of them contributes to the formation of attitude, character, vision and of life in general. It is well known, looking at Gogol’s writings and his correspondence, that he was certain of the fact that a woman has a special influence in the society. Gogol draws attention and encourages women to respect God’s standards in demeanor, communication and image in general, in such a manner that their influence makes the world a better place. The present article will analyse the social circle of N. Gogol, concentrating on the image of the woman who is present in the writer’s life, the one who had an impact, in a way or another, over his writings and over his life, in general.
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Pored svega što u sklopu svog posla radim, od pripreme predavanja, preko ocjenjivanja ispita i seminara, do istraživanja i analize podataka, posebno me raduje takozvano kodiranje sadržaja. Svi materijali prikupljeni istraživanjem poslože se na hrpu, pa među njima tražim zajednička obilježja. Pravilnosti prepoznate u formulacijama, stavovima i razmišljanjima ukazuju na nešto važno o temi koju proučavam, oko njih gradim pretpostavke, razvijam tumačenja. Pojedinačni primjeri tako se povezuju u kolektivne obrasce. Obuzeta potragom puštam vremenu da nestane među stranicama. Na kraju, ono što je izgledalo kao masa raznovrsnih podataka postaje uredna priča.
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The article focuses on the analysis of classic utopian texts (Thomas More, Tommaso Campanella, Johann V. Andreae, Francis Bacon) in terms of women’s image presented in them. The author discusses the issues of the women’s place in the organization of utopian societies, the role of women in the family, the work of women and women’s access to science, in context of the equality of men and women declared by the authors of the literary utopias. The text compares utopian visions of ideal societies and the results of historical research on women’s place in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries.
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The paper briefly sketches the thought of Marguerite Porete and her writing The Mirror of Simple Souls. It is pointed out the possibility of indirect influence that Porete could have (through Meister Eckhart) to Arthur Schopenhauer, whose ideas were very influential in later times.
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The paper examines the connection between women and power during the dynastic crisis. More precisely, the paper primarily refers to members of the high nobility and ruling houses during the dynastic crisis in the fifteenth century in England. In order to achieve a more accurate picture of the possibilities that an aristocratic woman, connected by family ties to the center of ruling power and authority in the person of the ruler - the king, had in order to legitimately possess and retain power, the paper will talk about the changes in social relations that occurred in earlier periods, about the difference in power and ruling authority, and then about similar examples in the wider European context. Special attention will be paid to the female actors of the Wars of the Roses (1455-1487), which culminated in the dynastic crisis, but which was further deepened by it, as well as to the perception of their power.
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In this paper, I will endeavor to interpret the motives that led Anna Karenina to commit suicide. They are diverse, starting with the public rejection of Ana, her isolation, and the experience of losing love, all the way to personal humiliation and escapism from the evil world. The reasons for her suicide are interrelated, although they are not of the same significance. They are both of physiological and mental-spiritual character, whereby the latter contributes to a better and deeper understanding of Anna’s suicide. It is most often emphasized that, above all, social suicidal occasions have influenced Anna Karenina, to kill herself in such a difficult and painful way. I will distinguish external events from her inner life, which are not always caused by these events. Our mental states are not passive recipients of what is outside of us but they are the results of our memory, imagination, our emotions, thoughts, and the ways in which we think of ourselves. All these reasons, in my view, make her suicidal intent. Then, I will examine whether the reasons for the suicide of Ana Karenina can contribute to understanding suicidal intent as such.
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Living and engaging in a society means living with others, accepting changes (gender, regional, political, cultural), and being able to maintain uniqueness. Albania is a small country, but it faces a high level of intolerance and regional, gender, political, cultural prejudices, etc. In this paper, we will try to apply Hans-Georg Gadamer’s theory on communicative understanding and fusion of horizons as a model that can lead us at reducing the level of prejudice and intolerance towards each other. For Gadamer, communicative understanding occurs only through a way of being with the other person. The purpose of dealing with Gadamer’s theory on understanding is to show the practicality of his hermeneutic theory to create new knowledge, to overcome the challenges of diversity in a society, as well as to create a just society where change and diversity are normal. This research is a qualitative theoretical research in which the hermeneutic research methodology and secondary data analysis are used. Through a textual analysis, we will focus on the treatment of Gadamer’s theory and the importance of the principles of dialogue, tolerance, prejudice, solidarity, reciprocity, equality and freedom in creating an open-minded and tolerant society. According to Gadamer, if we want to create a just and peaceful society, we must understand the others and not simply accept their presence, we have to accept our prejudices and try to overcome them. By identifying the important values of Gadamer's theory we can create a more tolerant environment and overcome the prejudices we have towards each other in a society like ours. Overcoming the divisions within us will bring us together to lead our society towards further cultural and political development.
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This article focuses on the evolving presence of women in senior positions in central government and dependent organism (General Administration of the State). The main goal is to analyse a new database for the first time, containing relevant data about the female presence during the period 2015 to 2021 through a new methodology, which is more reliable in terms of determining the level of the access of women to high positions of representation of political power in Spain. The key contribution of this study is twofold: (1) it resides in the design and exploration of a large database that goes beyond the information usually presented by the governmental statistics and that overcomes certain restrictive compilation criteria for these female senior officials and (2) it explores the situation after the global pandemic scenario. The results show how these metrics evolve from government to government with a significant change in political orientation.
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The purpose of this article is to analyse the influence of the pandemic on the grades obtained in different subjects that comprise the University entrance exam. With this purpose, we analysed a significant database containing grades related to four consecutive academic annual editions of the entrance exam to the University of La Laguna (Canary Islands, Spain) divided into two periods, pre-pandemic (academic years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019) and the post-pandemic (2019-2020 and 2020-2021). Bivariate data analysis along with multiple linear regression was performed on the data. According to the results, it is confirmed that in the post-pandemic period some grades have suffered a significant boost, and it is also possible to detect the social impact of that increase in social variables, i.e. gender significant differences.
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The study aimed to map the prevalence of social media disorder in secondary school youth. We used an abbreviated version of the Social Media Disorder Scale (SMD) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-16B). The reliability of the questionnaires used in the research, indicates that they have sufficient internal consistency. A total of 637 rerespondents participated in the study. Their ages ranged from 15 to 19 years (AM=16.63). The results of the study showed social media impairment in 11.1% of the respondents, confirming a statistically significant difference in terms of the gender of the adolescents in favour of girls, and in terms of the degree of concern about their appearance, in favour of those who are more concerned about their appearance. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference in the degree of concern about their appearance in terms of gender, was confirmed in favour of girls.
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In the jubilee year of Timisoara's opera scene, 75 years after the first performance, we pay a pious homage through this work in the memory of the unique voices in their timbral diversity of two exceptional dramatic sopranos: Margareta Nica Popescu and Michaela Grama Ștefan. Among the many roles performed, the memorable interpretations of the role of Aida, from the opera of the same title by G. Verdi. This emblematic inaugural performance of the first opera scene in Banat, was taken over by the two personalities in the title role, amplifying over the years the fame of the newly founded opera. Through the main roles played by both opera artists, we remember the roles of Verdi's operas: Abigail from Nabucco, Amelia from Bal Mascat and Leonora from Trubadur as well as Floria Tosca from Puccini's opera of the same name and others. Through their pedagogical qualities, the two sopranos contributed to the development of the vocal art and of the post-december roumanian singing school in Banat .
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Review of: Jolanta Sikorska-Kulesza: Tolerated Evil. Prostitution in the Kingdom of Poland in the Nineteenth Century. (Polish Studies – Transdisciplinary Perspectives, Bd. 30.) Aus dem Poln. von Julita M a s t a l e r z . Peter Lang. Berlin 2020. 353 S. ISBN 978-3-631-81584-7. (€ 78,50.)
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Review of: Irena Protassewicz: A Polish Woman’s Experience in World War II. Conflict, Deportation and Exile. Hrsg. von Hubert Zawadzki und Meg Knott . Bloomsbury Academic. London u. a. 2019. XXXV, 257 S. ISBN 978-1-3500-7992-2. (£ 90,–.)c
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Review of: Jakub Gałęziowski, Niedopowiedziane biografie. Polskie dzieci urodzone z powodu wojny (Undertold biographies. Polish children born of war), Wydawnictwo Krytyki Politycznej, Warszawa 2022, pp. 458.
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This paper examines the interviews with four Ukrainian women – war refugees, who came to Poland after February 24, 2022 (two of them were reinterviewed after a year of their stay in Poland). The authors were interested in the description of the crisis in which the respondents found themselves, as well as in their presentation of coping with crisis, thus, “coping with crisis” became the main interpretive category. The research aims to reveal the self-image of the women refugees and identify changes that have taken place in 2022 and 2023 (including the perception of themselves, war context, and living conditions to which they have adapted after fleeing). The authors used the multidisciplinary theoretical approach because, in addition to psychological concepts related to the main interpretative category, the reflection was based on the cultural anthropology of emotions, the anthropology of experience, as well as on the ethics of care, and autoethnography.
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