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This article reviews the impact of cultural factors on mental health of an Indian women. Marked gender discrimination in India has led to second class status of women in society. Their mobility, work, self-esteem and self-image, in fact their worth and identity, seem to depend upon the male members of a patriarchal society. Women’s lack of empowerment and both financial and emotional dependence have restricted their self-expression and choices in life. This, along with family, social and work pressures, has a definite impact on women’s mental health. This paper discusses some recent advances in the area of movements that has gained tremendous impetus in the humanities and social sciences is the rediscovery of the role of women in history and their contributions to human culture. These diverse collections demonstrate the far-ranging impact women have had on all aspects of culture. From innovative women artists and pioneering scientists and technologists to the woman who campaigned for universal suffrage and social equality, their stories provide a window on to women’s multifaceted contributions to our shared heritage.
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Based on the theoretical insights of Nira Yuval Davis’ and Carol Pateman’s path-breaking research and on a number of Southeast European examples the article spells out the relationship between gender and nation-state (XIX-XX c.). The author shows various practices of (gender) discriminations concerning women’s citizenship in the realms of education, social, political rights, etc. and argues that the social contract in the modern nation-states (including in the Balkans) is a „fraternal social contract“ and the nation-state has а male gender.
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The article discusses one particular film, “Man, don’t get angry”, with director Ivaylo Trenchev and script-writer Kiril Topalov. By analyzing published opinions and reviews as well as archival materials the author notes specifics in the functioning of the socialist mass media and traces out institutions and mechanisms for controlling the cinema process. These are mechanisms which affect the view/perception and visual re-creation of the world, the writing and talking, the thinking and attitude of the people in their different roles – (film-) makers, spectators and readers, journalists and reviewers. blicistically carnival. The reader of the novel and the spectator of the movie ejaculate with one voice: this is impossible be¬cause it is...true! From Aleko (Konstantinov) to Alek (Popov) – it‘s all true...
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This paper deals with part of the dramatic woks by a most tolerated and staged Bulgarian playwright under communism, Todor Manev, who published his plays under the penname Kamen Zidarov. The study focuses on those of his dramatic works that feature the recent past such as “Tsar’s Pardon” (1949), “For the Honour of the Epaulette (1957), etc., rather than on his dramas presenting moments of Bulgarian history that have unfolded in the remote past. Analysing them, the article highlights four main female figures, constructed and functioning in a historical and political context of the coming and development of communism with the ideology and normative aesthetics characteristic of this regime.
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The paper opens by briefly outlining the development of women’s literature in the ex-„East European” countries since 1989. Then it turns to feminist literary theory tracking two different periods of its reception by, and adaption to, literary criticism in post-communist academic research. The concepts of women’s generations and women’s literary canon, vital for the western tradition of gynocriticism, are closely analyzed in line with their relevance to present-day women’s literature in post-communist culture. The paper closes by outlining a threefold model of the prospective to speak of women’s literature imbedded in, or in counter stance to, the traditional literary canon.
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The author offers a critical judgment of Lacanian psychoanalysis, pointing out its normativizing aspect. He acknowledges the impossibility of reconciliation of psychoanalytic thought with the theory of radical difference, the example of which is queer, which has been postulated by such scholars as Judith Butler, Lee Edelman or Leo Bersani. As Eribon claims, queer theory constitutes a continuation of (anti-psychoanalytic) philosophy of Michel Foucault, and it would be theoretically much more inspiring – Eribon further argues – to try to juxtapose Foucault’s thought with Sartre rather than with Freud or Lacan.
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The direct objective of the suicide bomber is not only to bring their own death, but to cause the largest possible number of casualties among the community of potential adversary. The death of the executive intensifies the feeling of fear, because it shows complete intransigence of bomber and his willingness to submit biggest sacrifice in the form of his life. When planning terrorist attacks, the terrorists are counting primarily on the psychological effect, and it is much greater when made by woman, in many traditional environments identified as vulnerable, fragile, unable to harm. Article aims to describe the phenomenon of female suicide Islamic terrorism, on selected examples that clearly show similarities and differences among female suicide bombers in the various communities.
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Question of culture/nature difference is one of the key questions, to which mistakable interpretations, result in patriarchal oppression over female and nature. Misogynistic matrix of behavior is founded in this conception, therefore women represent nature, emotional principle, and men represent culture or rational principal. There are continual examples, of patriarchal praxis and values, which are in contradiction to Ruling Conventions, on Women Human Rights Protection. These praxes are in the domain of traditional particular praxis of individual cultures, and therefore, particular praxis, that are usually different of dominant culture praxis. Sati in India, foot binding in China, female genital mutilation originating from African rituals, are only several out of them. The dominant Legal norms, refuse to accept, those praxis, but in closed particular communities, the rituals of socialization and cultural praxis involve female sacrifices, in different ways, and females are prepared , from their early childhood, to accept “ Great sacrifices” , as though if the only true life goal of femininity is to be victim, to be victim for others, or even more tragically “ enjoy in oneself sacrifice for Others” especially if the victim is to be done for masculine representatives or leaders of communities, for which women are respectable only if they are a victim.
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The article represents the empirical study of the use of images of angels and their functions in consumer advertising. The aim of the study is to examine changes in the angelic image in the course of time and to question if it is possible on their basis to draw conclusions about religious beliefs and modern value understandings of the people in Estonia as well as in other countries following Western economic models. The study is based on approximately 50 ads (photographs and videos) from Estonia, Germany, France, United States, South Africa and the Philippines disseminated over the last decade. It should be noted that in many cases these are advertisements translated into many languages and it is quite difficult to identify which is their country of origin. Even more, this is definitely not the aim of the article as far as the attention is focused predominantly on the general picture which shows relative homogeneity.
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This article examines the formation of generational consciousness in two generations of women in an act of recovering memory. The return to the forgotten history of the opposition constitutes the generational consciousness of the women who participated in those events. At the same time, for modern women an interest in their fate represents a search for tradition outside the predominantly male narrative of mainstream historiography. Today, historical novels are the literary manifestation of this phenomenon in Spain. Calderón Puerta examines narrative strategies associated with the recovery and redefinition of this kind of generational memory. Based on two concrete examples, she shows how women writers of the ‘second generation’ try to recover the memory of the Communists’ struggle against the Francoism after the Spanish Civil War. As the generation of mothers and grandmothers rebuilds their own story, it runs parallel with today’s story about them, in which the generation of daughters and granddaughters tackles their tradition and identity.
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Review: Tomasz Nastulczyk, Piotr Oczko Homoseksualność staropolska. Przyczynek do badań [Old Polish Homosexuality: A Contribution to Research], Collegium Columbinum, Cracow 2012.
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This article discusses nineteenth-century spiritism and its role in forming ideas about women, their bodies, social functions and place in culture. Czeczot begins by demonstrating that to a certain extent, representations of mediumistic women perpetuated the iconographic tradition that had begun with images of magnetic séances, which, by highlighting the power of the magnetizer, helped strengthen notions of women’s bodies as a passive matter. In the context of these conventional beliefs, women stand out who claim to be in communication with the spirits and who, beginning in the 1850s, appear publicly to deliver speeches in a trance. Czeczot explores their significance for the women’s emancipation movement that was emerging at the time, and positions them as a point of departure to problematize the concept of one’s own voice.
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The author refers to the process of democratization which still develops in Europe. She concentrates on social inequalities, especially in connected with gender. The author discuss the situation on an example University of Dortmund.
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The paper scrutinizes the process of spatial emancipation of Ukrainian women. It analyses the role of fashion in spatial deprivation of women and their exclusion from the public sphere as well as the role of fiction in the formation of the image of a specially emancipated female. It traces the impact of spatial freedom and geographic mobility on gender identities of Ukrainian women.
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The actuality of a paper is stipulated by nessesity to study the sources of Soviet identity and gender ideals of post Soviet society on the material of film, literature and songs as forms of culture which are the best representations of the gender ideals. The aim of the studies is to analyze the evolution of gender politics and myths, owing by to socio-political changes in the Soviet and post-Soviet societies. The methods of research are gender critics, psychoanalysis, poststructuralist deconstruction, semiotics. The sources of Soviet identity and gender ideals are typologized in the conclusion.
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The article dwells upon the using of the symbol of the Motherland in the discourse of the Russian protests 2011-2013 (the «Snow Revolution»). The author analyses legitimation and delegitimation of power as forms of the symbolic politics. The first part of the article is devoted to role of the symbol of the Motherland in Russian culture. The next section concentrates on employing the symbol in legitimation of power. In the third part the author demonstrates how the protesters exploit two modes of delegitimation of power with the help of the symbol: the «populist» and the «liberal».
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The article is devoted to the post-Soviet monumental maternal imagery in Russia’s ethnic regions. The author supposes that monumental sculpture has a special place in the regions’ symbolic space. It serves as a form of ideology. Monuments, bas-reliefs, sculptural groups are used in the visualization of topics, important for the state propaganda. The monumental image, focused primarily on the spatial visualization ability, is more effective than any other arguments. The author analyzes four maternal imageries: "Mother Buryatia", "Mother Chuvashia", "Mother Yakutia" and "Mother-Yugra". All these monuments continue both the pre-revolutionary traditions and the canons of Soviet aesthetics. Maternal monumental rhetoric of Russia’s ethnic regions can be different in form but similar in the content. The idea of the native land, combined with the idea of the mother, is reflected in various monuments.
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The paper briefly sketches the thought of Marguerite Porete and her writing The Mirror of Simple Souls. It is pointed out the possibility of indirect influence that Porete could have (through Meister Eckhart) to Arthur Schopenhauer, whose ideas were very influential in later times.
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The paper examines the connection between women and power during the dynastic crisis. More precisely, the paper primarily refers to members of the high nobility and ruling houses during the dynastic crisis in the fifteenth century in England. In order to achieve a more accurate picture of the possibilities that an aristocratic woman, connected by family ties to the center of ruling power and authority in the person of the ruler - the king, had in order to legitimately possess and retain power, the paper will talk about the changes in social relations that occurred in earlier periods, about the difference in power and ruling authority, and then about similar examples in the wider European context. Special attention will be paid to the female actors of the Wars of the Roses (1455-1487), which culminated in the dynastic crisis, but which was further deepened by it, as well as to the perception of their power.
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