„Nasz mały sabotaż…” – rola polskich więźniarek w życiu obozowym (legalnym i nielegalnym) KL Stutthof

Author(s): Danuta Drywa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

Among the relatively small group of women who had been evidenced in the KL Stutthof by the end of 1943 there were Polish women inmates who, as far as it was possible, though not being able to help all the inmates, organized the so-called minor sabotage. It involved damaging German uniforms that had been sent in to be mended, burning in stoves the best furs cut up into small pieces, conveying illegally obtained radio information about the army front, organizing additional clothes and food for imprisoned men, damaging the best leather belts, cufflinks and clips to be packed with soldier outfits, as well as taking care of children and teenage inmates of the camp. Teachers and girl-scout activists organized for their fellow-women inmates poetry readings, religious festivals and – in 1944 – secret schooling. The women took advantage of every possible moment and opportunity to devote themselves to illegal work, however little they could do, and even while working under the supervision of kapos or German overseers.

„Nekupujete si lásku, kupujete si službu“: (re)konstrukce péče o děti v prostředí agentur na hlídání

Author(s): Adéla Souralová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2012

During the last couple of decades, paid childcare has become one of the central issues of feminist research. Agencies mediating childcare are a relatively new actor in childcare arrangements in the Czech Republic. This article argues that these agencies do not fill a gap in the market by offering childcare. Far from providing simple supply that reacts to a market demand, the agencies create the demand for specific care. Drawing upon qualitative research conducted with owners of these agencies, the text looks into the ways in which childcare is constructed. The issues of qualified, specialized, and professionalized care are discussed. The article aims to show that childcare in the agencies is deconstructed as a natural female activity and is reconstructed as a gendered activity requiring particular skills that are subjected to professional screening.

„Nie nazywaj mnie pedałem” – homofobia i homohisteria w prozie Serhija Żadana

Author(s): Mateusz Świetlicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2016

The aim of this paper is to present the homophobic and homohysteric discourse in Serhiy Zhadan’sprose. Adopting the perspective of the pro-feminist men and masculinities studies and researchingthe discourse on masculinity in Zhadan’s fiction enables the author to present men in the period oftransformation of the last twenty-five years and show the gradual changes in the dominant attitudetowards gays. Although it is difficult to treat Zhadan’s fiction as a full compendium of knowledgeon the state of Ukrainian homophobia, the author claims that it contains images of masculinityand relationships between men that are accurate literary representations of the changes currentlytaking place in Ukraine.

„Niewinne” – od postulatu dziewczęcości do inicjacji w poezji kobiet

Author(s): Edyta Sołtys-Lewandowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 33/2018

The article explores pictures of “a little girl” and of sexual initiation in 20th and 21st-century Polish women’s poetry, especially by Wisława Szymborska, Barbara Klicka, Jolanta Nawrot, Wioletta Grzegorzewska i Małgorzata Lebda. The girlhood showed in their poems is a certain potentiality of womanhood, often imbued with ripening eroticism very difficult to control. At the same time the girlhood is entangled in schematism of potential scenarios destined for a women subject: personal dependence and sense of being dominated, escape or emancipation. Initiatory poems show rather strong dependence on archetypical (The Little Match Girl) and mythicizing conventions of describing adolescence, still they can present idiomatic construction of female identity.

„Nowy tradycjonalizm”, czyli praktyki macierzyństwa w dobie późnej nowoczesności

Author(s): Agata Rejowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

The paper aims to describe and analyze a tendency in the framework of the broader construct of “motherhood,” named as “new traditionalism,” as well as to analyze ideas and assumptions present in its background. This term refers to “a return to past,” which is observable in motherhood and is reflected in the sphere of values as well as practices. Its features are discussed by an example of the “Dzieci są ważne” portal [Kids are important] (a qualitative analysis of the article’s content was conducted). In the vision of motherhood proposed by “new traditionalists,” one may observe double re-traditionalization. The first lies in the return to former “caring techniques” and the second is connected with a visible transition towards a more traditional division of work (justified by an essentialist vision of gender roles). The discourse of “new traditionalism” is not free from internal tensions and paradoxes: a suggested return to positively evaluated nature is mediated by culture and education; furthermore, a return to tradition is mediated by achievements of the feminist movement (the woman has right to choose, thus she can also decide to retreat to the private sphere). Despite of assumed “minimalism,” practices of “new traditionalism” can be realized only by the upper middle and the upper class.

„Obce” i ubikacje

Author(s): Katarzyna Marciniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 08 (15)/2009

This article considers representations of migrant women who work as domestic help and probes the abjecting logic of cleaning practices vis-a`-vis current issues of legality, illegality, immigration, transcultural difference, and rage. I survey diverse media depictions of foreign women and cleaning scenes in transnational settings: Fear and Trembling (2003), Maid in America (2004), The Ukrainian Cleaning Lady (2002), Dirt (2003), and Friends with Money (2006). I examine the formation and apprehension of female “foreign” subjectivity in relation to cleaning for others, in relation to dirt. The visual analysis discusses ways in which removing other people’s dirt by an immigrant, migrant, or a guest worker intertwines with gendered and racialized processes of social abjection. Privileging images of toilets and expressions of rage, my analysis inquires into a conceptual correspondence between garbage and the cultural renditions of foreign others; into ways in which the concept of “dirt” gets transposed onto the cleaners suggesting that those who clean dirt are themselves disposable bodies, only useful and tolerable as long as they cohere the messy lives of “legitimate” and properly “clean” natives.

„Osmóza“ žen do vyšších pozic nefunguje, musíme je cíleně podporovat

Author(s): Alena Králíková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

„Piękne kobiety pięknie tańczą” czy „uprzedmiotowienie i upokorzenie”? Analiza dyskursu o cheerleadingu w kontekście mistrzostw Europy w piłce ręcznej mężczyzn w 2016 roku

Author(s): Natalia Organista,Zuzanna Mazur / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

This article presents the results of a critical discourse analysis of media coverage concerning statements made by a Swedish handball player, T. Karlson, about cheer-leading as an activity that objectifies women. The dominant discourse in the analyzed media coverage was the patriarchal discourse. The media coverage emphasized the beauty of the cheerleaders both in the linguistic layer of the text and through the accompanying visual material. Only three articles addressed issues related to the evaluation of cheer-leading. This article also describes a discussion about the status of cheer-leading and the coverage of cheerleader images from the perspective of second- and third-wave feminism.

„Pokazać, że jesteś kobietą”. Konflikty o wygląd partnerki w małżeństwach polsko-rosyjskich

Author(s): Tatiana Busygina-Wojtas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2016

Partners in Polish-Russian couples have different opinions concerning women’s appearence.Stressing femininity and paying much attention to attractiveness of a female-partner seems to bevery important to Russian partners of both sexes. In this paper, this phenomenon is analyzed fromtwo perspectives. The gender perspective pays special attention to the diversities in the evolutionof partiarchal model in Poland and Russia. The analysis from the perspective of cultural anthropologyleads to the conclusion about manifestation of Russian identity in Polish-Russian relations.Concidering “femininity” an important category and laying a metaphysical emphasis on it seemsto be one of the ways of the “being Russian” manifestation.

„Postdokovat po světě“: genderové politiky akademické mobility

Author(s): Alice Červinková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2010

The mobility of scientists that is the subject of this article is part of the broad scale of flows of people, objects, and knowledge in the contemporary world. These flows occur in multiple ways: from relocation and settlement in another country, to everyday pendulating mobility back and forth across boarders. In this article, the author is concerned with academic mobility and particularly mobility tied to long term post doctoral fellowships. She sets out to explore the gender dimension of long term academic mobility and observe how scientists organise their professional and personal lives around movement between academic institutions. She argues that mobility at this stage of the academic trajectory involves the production of new (re)configurations of partnerships, while at the same time the fact of being in a partnership is constitutive for establishing an academic career.

„Při odlivu klesají všechny lodě“: Dopady hospodářské krize po roce 2008 na muže a ženy ve střední a východní Evropě

Author(s): Beáta Nagy,Éva Fodor / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2014

In this paper we explore the impact of the economic recession of 2008 on gender inequality in the labour force in Central and Eastern European countries. We argue that job and occupational segregation protected women’s employment more than men’s in the CEE region as well, but unlike in more developed capitalist economies, women’s level of labour force participation declined and their rates of poverty increased during the crisis years. We also explore gender differences in opinions on the impact of the recession on people’s job satisfaction. For our analysis we use published data from EUROSTAT and our own calculations from EU SILC and ESS 2010.

„Ster” – pierwsze w Polsce radykalne czasopismo feministyczne przełomu XIX i XX wieku

Author(s): Daria A. Domarańczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2014

The article tells the story of “Ster”, the first radical feminist magazine in Poland. It was first published in 1895–1896 in Lviv under the title “Ster. A magazine about the work and education of women”, and examined socio-cultural matters from the point of view of emancipated women. The editor-in-chief was Paulina Kuczalska-Reinschmit, and its writers included Eliza Orzeszkowa, Maria Konopnicka, Maria Dulębianka and Stefan Żeromski. After Kuczalska-Reinschmit moved to Warsaw, she reactivated the magazine as a bulletin for the Association of Emancipated Polish Women. It was then published from 1907 until the outbreak of World War I. The magazine presented the radical programme of Polish feminists. Among its later writers were P. Kuczalska-Reinschmit, Józefa Bojanowska and Romana Pachucka.

„Tlusté“ tělo v normalizačním Československu: povinná zdatnost a gender v kampani proti obezitě

Author(s): Michaela Appeltová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2016

This article analyses anti-obesity discourse in post-war Czechoslovakia, particularly in the country’s late socialist period. The article conceives of the discourse on obesity as a tool of biopolitical, rather than totalitarian, power, examining the ways expert knowledge, power, and morality worked together to produce a socialist subject. On the first level, it analyses the expert anti-obesity discourse as an example of the expertisation of public discourse in socialist Czechoslovakia. Second, it shows the construction of obesity in contrast to bodily ability, and the stigmatisation of the ‘fat’ body. On the last level, the article focuses on the gendered aspects of the discourse and demonstrates the ways in which the anti-obesity campaign supported the heteronormative framework of late socialism. By examining expert and media discourses, the article argues that the campaign against obesity served as a means to construct a proper socialist body and induce a moral panic about the state of socialism.

„To nie jest poezja w całym słowa tego znaczeniu”. Pieśni żałobne getta Izabeli Gelbard

Author(s): Sylwia Karolak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2018

The main purpose of this article is to analyse the reception of Izabela Glebard’s (Czajka-Stachowicz’s) works, with particular emphasis on her only book of poety Pieśni żałobne getta. At first Gelbard intentionally chooses poetry, but after the experience of World War II, she leaves it completely and replaces by prose. The root cause of this state of affairs is the war trauma. Very important is also the critical attitude of the writer to her poems. These works have not been appreciated by literary critics who treat them as a document and testimony rather than a valuable poetry. It seems that the Gelbard poems, like all her works, are waiting for a new, contextual reading.

„To nie jest sport dla kobiet” – analiza dyskursu wykluczającego na przykładzie wyścigów Formuły 1

Author(s): Anna Brzuszkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 36/2013

Article concerns the issue of women’s exclusion from the motor sports, which happens throughlanguage practices. The fastest car racing series – Formula 1 remains a male-dominated sport. Oneof the reasons for this dominance certainty results from the awareness and social stereotypes. Excludingdiscourse is shaped and reproduces in the statements which can be found, for example, onthe websites dedicated to the Formula 1. Conducted discourse analysis allows to show the methodsof reasoning to justify a point of view, in accordance with which the F1 racing is not a sport forwomen. Secondly, it defines the image of the women who compete or aspire to drive in races of thistype. Thirdly, it determines the way in which, from the perspective of woman driver, gender determinesthe presence in Formula 1.

„To, že péči matky nikdo nenahradí, je předsudek“

Author(s): Šárka Gjuričová,Michaela Marksová-Tominová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Rozhovor s PhDr. Šárkou Gjuričovou, psycholožkou a rodinnou terapeutkou o variantách rané péče o děti a o důležité možnosti volby mezi nimi. Rozhovor vedla Michaela Marksová-Tominová.

„Transgender“ Tapatybių Diskursas: Lyties Performatyvumo Aspektai Kino Filme „Priscilos, Dykumos Karalienės, Nuotykiai“

Author(s): Gintarė Narauskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 87/2016

The film ‘The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert’ presents performances of drag queens, their lives are presented in a natural context, which is why appropriation of femininity implemented by transgender subjects, coexistence of masculinity and femininity in the same body and inversion of norms of sexuality create a parody and campy methods of action turn into a subversive paradigm. Moreover, this article notes that if drag queens (Felicia, Mitzi, trans woman (a male-to-female transgender person) Bernadette) denaturalise the perception of femininity by performances of hyperbolised femininity, a transsexual woman Bernadette maintains naturalisation by materializing norms of femininity (affection, decency, serenity, condescension, mindfulness for outer beauty and elegant feminine representation) by her non-stage performativity of gender. However, by applying these stereotypes to a person who was assigned male at birth, Bernadette highlights changeability, instability and constructivism of gender, meaning that sexuality is created and implemented through performative practice despite of assignation at birth or anatomical nature.

„Transgender“ Tapatybių Diskursas: Lyties Performatyvumo Aspektai Kino Filme „Priscilos, Dykumos Karalienės, Nuotykiai“

Author(s): Gintarė Narauskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 86/2016

The film ‘The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert’ presents performances of drag queens, their lives are presented in a natural context, which is why appropriation of femininity implemented by transgender subjects, coexistence of masculinity and femininity in the same body and inversion of norms of sexuality create a parody and campy methods of action turn into a subversive paradigm. Moreover, this article notes that if drag queens (Felicia, Mitzi, trans woman (a male-to-female transgender person) Bernadette) denaturalise the perception of femininity by performances of hyperbolised femininity, a transsexual woman Bernadette maintains naturalisation by materializing norms of femininity (affection, decency, serenity, condescension, mindfulness for outer beauty and elegant feminine representation) by her non-stage performativity of gender. However, by applying these stereotypes to a person who was assigned male at birth, Bernadette highlights changeability, instability and constructivism of gender, meaning that sexuality is created and implemented through performative practice despite of assignation at birth or anatomical nature.

„Travesti “ tapaty bė: lytiškumo , seksualumo daugiaprasmiškumas ir kūno transformacijos

Author(s): Gintarė Narauskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 89/2016

This article surveys and analyses the travesti identity – a unique and polysemic phenomenon of Latin America. Although the travesti emphasize that they are homosexuals, many consider them to be transgender. Nevertheless, due to the polysemy characteristic to travesti we cannot categorize them autonomously. The polysemy of travesti identities is formed by deconstructive practises, as these subjects represent their identity without fully destroying masculinity and without fully embracing femininity. In order to embody the imaginary of a perfect woman and to obtain a more feminine body shape the travesti actively transform their bodies using practises usually performed by women but they maintain their male genitals to please themselves and to please others. Penises enable the travesti to be either active or passive as they please. The travesti try to destroy binary categories and represent the fact that gender and sexuality is a fluid social construct. In an identity discourse, the travesti are neither transsexuals, nor drag queens. They are liminal figures that disrupt dichotomies and shape a new understanding of femininity and masculinity. These subjects activate a homoerotic view and they only want to resemble women but not to become them. Males are of high importance to travesti, as they signify and are overwhelmed by desire and power.

„Travesti “ tapatybė: lytiškumo, seksualumo daugiaprasmiškumas ir kūno transformacijos

Author(s): Gintarė Narauskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 88/2016

This article surveys and analyses the travesti identity – a unique and polysemic phenomenon of Latin America. Although the travesti emphasize that they are homosexuals, many consider them to be transgender. Nevertheless, due to the polysemy characteristic to travesti we cannot categorize them autonomously. The polysemy of travesti identities is formed by deconstructive practises, as these subjects represent their identity without fully destroying masculinity and without fully embracing femininity. In order to embody the imaginary of a perfect woman and to obtain a more feminine body shape the travesti actively transform their bodies using practises usually performed by women but they maintain their male genitals to please themselves and to please others. Penises enable the travesti to be either active or passive as they please. The travesti try to destroy binary categories and represent the fact that gender and sexuality is a fluid social construct. In an identity discourse, the travesti are neither transsexuals, nor drag queens. They are liminal figures that disrupt dichotomies and shape a new understanding of femininity and masculinity. These subjects activate a homoerotic view and they only want to resemble women but not to become them. Males are of high importance to travesti, as they signify and are overwhelmed by desire and power.