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Migjeni, shkrimtar aq i diskutuar

Author(s): Klara Kodra / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 03-04/2015

In this article we arrive to the conclusion that Migjeni is a writer of centre in Albanian literature and he has an European value; that there were some excesses in his sociologic interpretation and also in psychoanalytic one; that his Nietzscheanism is reduced to anticlericalism and the cult of strong person, but the empathy of writer for “small man” doesn’t leave him to ignore “the crowd of slaves” that Nitzche poses to his Superman, nor to accept his inhuman aspect which is interweaved with superhuman in the concept of German Philosopher. White two so-called Nietzschean poems offer different ideas: the satirisation of a dictator to “The superman forms” (Trajtat e mbinjeriut) and the aspiration for a leader who has come out from the people breast, who isn’t against him to “To be born the man” (Të lindet njeriu”; Migjenis’s work stays between the optimism and pessimism: the first social and ethical that expresses trust to the man and progress, the second existential and relative, which is connected with the smallness and inability of the man against the universe and its lows; that writer belongs to literary current of realism, but of a special realism, grafted with elements of some modernist currents like expressionism and symbolism.

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Mitologjia dhe ideologjia

Author(s): Saranda Buzhala / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 46/2016

The mythical paradigm taken from Kadare comes as a multidiscciplinary approach for the reader. The story was written in 1967 in Tirana, and the trilogy starting from 1967 until March of 1990, all written in Tirana. The drama has been written between Paris and Tirana in the spring of 1996. If the story “Prometheus” can stand alone as such, because it is consisted of one page, then the trilogy “Prometheus” may function as separate stories. This may make the piece to have two statuses. When speaking of drama, we must emphasize that it is subject to laws of drama. Lastly, the contextual reference in modern time and the geniality of adjustment and adaptation of this myth with itself and the nation, which for the author is as identification mark, and for the reader a reminiscence of reality with art, constitutes the universality of these writings.

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Nderim mikut të shtrenjtë dhe kritikut mendjemprehtë

Author(s): Agim Vinca / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 45/2015

Bajram Krasniqin e kam pasur fillimisht student, pastaj edhe koleg dhe mik. I takonte brezit të parë të studentëve që u kam dhënë mësim si asistent në Fakultetin e atëhershëm Filozofik (në vitin akademik 1972/73), brez në të cilin bënin pjesë, përveç tij, edhe Arif Demolli, Rushit Ramabaja, Sylejman Syla e të tjerë.

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Nekrologji për një letërsi

Author(s): Ag Apolloni / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 6/2015

Criticism has usually done its natural job: it has conveyed literature. Only dogmatic criticism (socialist realism) has attempted to have a priori character to literature, and therefore has failed with the literature that produced according to it. Criticism today, as in ancient times, is based on fiction; hence there is a posteriori status. It follows the artistic literature, but does not dictate it. As such, through various methods, it tries to understand fiction. But literature is at risk when it stops to create and will be just the object of studies. So, metatextual literature can be more read as necrology than as criticism.

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Nëpër lexime alegorike si çelësa semantikë për romanin “Nëpunësi i pallatit të ëndrrave”

Author(s): Arben Prendi / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 01-02/2016

In most of his literary works, Ismail Kadare has used purposely and intuitively symbol, allegoric analogy, irony and grotesque, especially to highlight the threads that link contemporary totalitarian regimes with the old ones, such as: Fascist, Nazi, Communist, Zogistic regimes etc., with ancient Greek regimes, Egyptian Pharaohs, Medieval, Ottoman Empire etc. Moreover narration, supported of the ironic view of human history, and especially of the Albanian one, has brought criticism to this history filled with drama, tragedy, but also tragicomedy. The literary work of I. Kadare is an aesthetic contradiction to the literature and political orders of the communist regime. This contradiction is realized through the language of the art where symbols, metaphors, allegorical! analogies, irony and grotesque etc., are elements that are permanent and characteristic of the author. The language of these, supported in these elements, is predominant in some novels, as: “Nëpunësi i pallatit të ëndrrave” / “Pallati i ëndrrave”, “Përbindëshi”, “Qorrfermani”, “Piramida” etj. Its decryption reveals the semantic wealth and the aesthetic value of the literary work of this author in its entirety. In this regard, the novel “Nëpunësi i pallatit të ëndrrave” (1981), is the emblematic literary work that shows how the above components of the artistic language function in the literary work of the Kadare. As noted in this article, the aforementioned figures are not only elements of a stable language of art, but also semantic keys for the decodification of the artistic language used in novel “Nëpunësi i pallatit të ëndrrave” (1981) / “Pallati i ëndrrave” (1985), as well as in other prose works. Through them can be deciphered the true essence and aesthetic values of this work, which today has gained a new look due to the new possibility of reading and interpreting it.

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Nga fillimet e shkrimit shqip te ideja e një gjuhe të përbashkët letrare shqipe

Author(s): Anila Omari / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 01-02/2015

In this essay the author traces back the conception of the idea of a common Albanian literary language. On this occasion the analysis contemplates the cultivation of the Albanian language at different stages of its writing history since the beginning of writing in Albanian until the Renaissance period, when conditions were created for the need of a common language for all Albanians as a main motive for national awakening. This is done in connection with the circumstances of political and social history of each period and based on the cultural-literary areas of Albanian (after Çabej’s classification of Albanian literature). The author concludes that for the first time the explicit idea of a common literary language was suggested by the Italo-Albanian intellectuals Demetrio Camarda (1864, 1866) and Girolamo de Rada (1847, 1870), then by the Albanian Renaissance activists Zef Jubani (1871, 1877) and Sami Frashëri (1899). Additionally, this essay considers the status of the Albanian language in its preliterary period at the time of the first Albanian state formations, such as the Principality of Arbanon (1190-1255), where the official and cultural languages were Greek and Latin; however, some indirect data are reported here on the use of local language in religious teaching, based on a document of Pope Innocent III.

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Një përpjekje për vlerësimin e trashëgimisë së hershme letrare: Zef Jubani dhe Letërsia e Bejtexhinjve

Author(s): Genciana Abazi-Egro / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 01-02/2016

In order to participate in the international debate on the issue of who are the Albanians, Zef Jubani published in 1871 Raccolta di Canti Popolari e Rapsodie di Poemi Albanesi. Being an Albanian of Albanian lands, unlike all who wrote about the Albanian issue and culture addressed to the European public, he had a great advantage: he knew well Albanian poets who had used different scripts in writing Albanian literature. So, in this work he offered a special approach. Through literature Albanians have created for almost two centuries, he wanted “to judge the nature and the character of Albanian people and the changes that have taken place at different stages since last centuries to this day.” In this context, he also provides a historical gallery of powerful Albanian people of mind. Through this gallery of famous people, he sought to help the spiritual and mental resurrection of Albanians, as well as raising national pride and creating national patterns. The second reason leading to the compilation of this anthology of Albanian poetry, being the first of its kind in Albanian literary historiography, has to do with the idea discussed at this time regarding “the beginnings of a national literature.” The development of national literature he sought to rely on two demands: encouragement and cultivation. Continuous cultivation and strong interest Zef Jubani sees as the main ways that would lead Albanian literature towards excellence, even though Albanian literature at that time was “at the stage of childhood” and was not internationally recognized. In this context is appreciated even the publishing of literary heritage. The literary past serves as a good motive for the present, because according to Zef Jubani, a people who have born powerful literary personalities like Pjetër Bogdani, Nezim Berati and Hysen Dobraçi, is capable of doing it once again.

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Njëqind e pesëdhjetë vjetori i lindjes së Dom Ndoc Nikajt

Author(s): Rexhep Qosja / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 45/2015

Me rastin e 150 – vjetorit të lindjes së Dom Ndoc Nikajt, ne, këtu, sot, po përurojmë veprën e tij Historia e Shqypnis’ - Ch’me fillese e deri me kohe ku ra ne dore te turkut, të botuar në Bruksel në vitin 1902 – pjesa e parë dhe të botuar në Shkodër, më 1917 – pjesa e dytë e saj Historia e Shqypniës - Ç’më kohë t’vjetra e deri m’tashmet.

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Nji Herostrat në tempullin e Frederikut të Madh të Poezisë

Author(s): Shpëtim Kelmendi / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 12/2017

Jo rastësisht, më erdhi në dorë nr. 11 i revistës kulturore “Symbol”, që fatmirësisht u shpërndaka në Prishtinë, Tiranë e Shkup, sepse pikërisht në këtë revistë gjendej nji tekst me titullin “Kush asht Frederik Rreshpja”, me autor Primo Shllakun. Shkrimi fillon me “Kush asht?” Fillim i denjë për nji fletërrufe, fletërrufetë që kullandriseshin sa herë që “zbulohej ndonji armik i fshehtë në kohën e komunizmit, kohë të cilën hartuesi e njeh ma së miri, përfshi tana fenomenet dhe tanë terminologjinë që ajo prodhoi. Apo si titulli i ndonji procesverbali hetuesie, ku “armikut të popullit” i nxirreshin lakrat nga koka e të palamet në shesh. Me të lexue kolonën e parë, u ndala për nji hop, se m’u desht me pyet veten: More, po ky Primo Shllaku kush asht, xhanëm?, që asht tue vuejtë kaq fort për me na shpjegue se kush asht dikush tjetër, aq ma tepër kur ky dikush tjetër qëllon me qenë hiç ma pak se Frederik Rreshpja, nji ndër poetët ma unikalë që ka mujtë me prodhue kjo e gjora histori e poezisë shqipe?

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Oedipe mutilé - la figure oedipienne dans la littérature et dans la société (post-)totalitaire albanaise

Author(s): Gentian Vyshka / Language(s): French / Issue: 01/2010

The social image of the father-son relationship in the Albanian literature and cinema of the so-called period of Socialist Realism does not correspond to a uniform framework. The customary or mythical narrative, too, as described by anonymity, lacks uniformity. As one would expect, in the traditional way, the father-son relationship should follow the rules of a stifling patriarchalism, whereas the mother-woman appears under terms which describe her as a simple maid to the service of the master of the family-house. Her fate does not look much better in Kadare's broken April novel, where this figure is totally non-existent. The great writer has adopted an even more radical stance than Kanun. If the latter has leveled the figure of the woman-mother, the novelist has completely removed it by drawing a large line on it.

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On Concept of Turk in 18th Century Albanian Literature

Author(s): Genciana Abazi-Egro / Language(s): English / Issue: 37/2016

In the Albanian literature of the 18th century, the terms Turk (Albanian turk) and Turkishness (Albanian turqëri) had a specific usage linked directly with the relations established by Albanians with the Ottoman Empire and Islam as the religious backbone of this political state formation. In his Albanian Divan, written in the first decade of the 18th century, Nezim Berati sees the world as divided into Turq (Muslims) and Kaurrë (Christians). In this religious perception of the world, he denominates the community of Muslim believers as Turqëri, a word coined in the Albanian language from the name Turk with the suffix - ri commonly used in Albanian for the formation of collective nouns. Poet Hasan Zyko Kamberi (XVIII cent.) uses also the term Turk to denominate all Muslim believers, without distinction in time and space. Turks is the term used for Muslim believers at the time of Prophet Muhammad, during the wars of the second caliph ‘Umar and also for the Muslim contemporaries of the poet. The usage in the 18th century Albanian of the words Turk and Turqëri to denote the Muslim believers and the religious faith of the Muslims, Islam, is closely linked with the experience of Albanians with this faith and directly with the phenomenon of their first contacts with this religion and the form in which it was institutionalized, beginning from the second half of the 14th century. It is a well known historical fact that this process of institutionalization began to be implemented with the arrival of the Ottoman armies at Albanian territories and the ever more intensive contacts of Albanians with the Ottoman state and with the Ottoman Turks, in particular.

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Paralleles Entre Les Motifs Prebibliques Et Bibliques Dans Les Chansons Epiques Populaires Albanaises

Author(s): Shaban Sinani / Language(s): French / Issue: 01/1999

Taking care, for some years, of research on the Albanian popular epic songs, especially those about the "kreshnikë" (the brave ones), I noticed that the intention of the researchers, to discover and define the motives and the parallel characters between this great corpus of traditional national wealth and ancient Greek and Roman art, as well as the classical forms of the modeling of theological aesthetic thought, have been powerful and constant.

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Paralleles Poetiques: Roumi Et Naim Frasheri

Author(s): Jorgo Bulo / Language(s): French / Issue: 01/1999

I am not the first to establish a poetic parallel between the great mystic poet Djelal-ed-Din-Roumi (1207-1273) and the national poet of the Albanians, Naïm Frashëri (1846-1900.) In the studies of up to Nowadays, we have not only expressed a general state-ment about the presence of the spirit and motives of Persian poetry, particularly that of Roumi, in many of Naim's philosophical lyrics, but, concretely, when it is about his po-em Fyelli (The Flute.) Cabej writes that it "is inspired" by Roumi's poetry; Shuteriqi calls it a recreation that cannot be separated from the original poems of Naim.

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Particularities Du Romantisme Albanais

Author(s): Klara Kodra / Language(s): French / Issue: 01/1999

Romanticism-as an artistic and philosophical phenomenon of European extension-has been manifested in the different national literatures by such a marked originality, that the researchers of European literatures have been able to pose the dilemma: can we speak of "romanticism" as a general phenomenon at all? Or do we rather need to speak of "individual" (national) romanti-cisms? In the latter sense: what can be identified as individual particularities of Albanian Roman-ticism?

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Personalitet - sintezë e idealit të njohjes me idealin humanist për botën

Author(s): Arben Hoxha / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 45/2015

Pesëmbëdhjetë vjetori i vdekjes së një prej kolegëve tanë më të nderuar, Sefedin Fetiut, bashkëpunëtorit të lartë shkencor të Institutit Albanologjik, është më kuptimplotë kur atë e shënojmë duke e kujtuar dhe vlerësuar veprimtarinë shkencore dhe letrare, pra punën e tij. Pse? Realizimi i qenies sonë është i kushtëzuar nga veprimtaria jonë në botë. Puna i paraprin qenies sonë. Puna përbën një kategori ontologjike, me anë të së cilës njeriu e strukturon veten në botë dhe vihet në aksion për ta strukturuar botën sipas qëllimeve të vetëdijshme të tij.

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Pluraliteti i këndvështrimeve të simbolit

Author(s): Jolanda Lila / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 3/2014

Lindja, origjina dhe shpjegimi i simboleve është bërë objekt interesimi jo vetëm i teorisë dhe studimeve letrare, por edhe i shumë disiplinave të tjera shkencore, që nga historia e artit dhe e kulturës e deri te gjuhësia, etnografia,mjekësia, antropologjia, mjekësia, filozofia,sociologjia etj.

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