Формирование эмотивно-эмпатийных умений устного переводчика: междисциплинарный подход

Author(s): Yulia Alekseevna Karpova,Tatiana Valeryevna Moshchanskaya,Elena Yuryevna Moshchanskaya / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2020

The article deals with the problem of emotional and empathic skills (EES) formation as a component of interpreters’ emotional culture. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of developing interpreters’ emotional and empathic skills on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach. Materials and Methods. The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach. Research methods include a diagnostic experiment, questionnaires, observation, testing, and mathematical processing of the obtained data. Results. The authors propose a model of developing interpreters’ emotional and empathic skills based on interdisciplinary approach. Key factors contributing to the effective implementation of the model include: the use of interactive teaching methods, step-by-step development of the skills in practical classes at the undergraduate level; continuity of skills development; out-of-class activities (simulation of quasi-real situations for interpretation in order to improve EES; creating teaching guides and textbooks, and constructing an educational video corpus. The article describes the didactic principles, as well as justifies the need to use both diagnostic techniques and experimental data to assess the level of EES formation. Conclusions. The findings have theoretical and practical implications for preparing translators, interpreters and other humanitarian professionals, whose key professional attributes include culture of emotional behavior.

Фразеологизми с компонет етноним (върху материал от български говори в Бесарабия, Украйна)

Author(s): Praskoviya Ruseva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2016

Idioms containing ethnonyms found in the dialects of Bulgarian villages in Bessarabia, Ukraine, are analyzed in the article. An attempt to find equivalents in the lexicographic sources in Bulgarian, Ukrainian and Russian phraseology was made. The frequency of their use was studied, as well as the degree of the motivation for their nomination in the following classification.

Фразеологизмы-эвфемизмы, репрезентирующие взятку в русском и арабском языках: прагматический аспект

Author(s): Mohammed Hassan Sammani Mansour / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2018

The paper discusses phraseological units that are used as euphemisms when describing bribery in the Russian and Arabic languages. The contextual use shows that the euphemistic meaning of the set phraseological expressions under study is justified. Their functional and pragmatic potential has been considered taking into account the national and cultural specifics. The linguistic and cultural analysis of these units has been performed: the cultural interpretation of their word components that acquire an appraisal value on the basis of associative symbols, models, and perception stereotypes that exist in the general world image of the two societies has been carried out. The analysis of the phraseological euphemisms in the Russian and Arabic languages has demonstrated that the spiritual and moral motives of human experience are reflected in the language and determine the ethical view and the phenomena of life. Idiomatic and stable expressions successfully function in the contexts with implicit information about negative, socially condemned, phenomena of reality. The semantics and pragmatics of the phraseological euphemisms is defined by both the linguistic and social and cultural background, all playing an important role in revaluating the phenomenon of bribery.

Функционалната граматика на М. Халидей за определяне на елементите от тематичното поле в българското просто изречение

Author(s): Elisaveta Balabanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2017

The text uses the Functional Grammar of M. A. K. Halliday (Halliday, 1985; Halliday & Mathiessen, 2004) and the definition of Halliday as the topic being this that the speaker decides to make a starting point of his message. Using this definition in a corpus, comprising of only first paragraphs of contemporary Bulgarian fiction, we make conclusions about which sentence parts are most commonly used as a topic. A hierarchy of the most common sentence parts, which function as topic, is defined. The conclusions show that the referentiality and the syntactic features of the sentence elements are the reasons for an element to function as a topic.

Функционално-семантичната граматика на Александър Владимирович Бондарко

Author(s): Ivan Kostadinov Kutsarov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2017

The paper presents some short biographical notes and traces the prehistory (referring to the works of O. Jespersen, I. I. Meshchaninov and other scholars), the emergence, and the development of the theory of functional grammar by the prominent Russian linguist A. V. Bondarko. The most significant achievements of this linguistic approach in Russia and Bulgaria are made reference to. Various topical issues, related to the application of the theory in comparative studies, are concerned.

ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ГЕТЕРОГЕННЫХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ КОММУНИКАТИВНОГО АКТА

Author(s): Arsentiy Igorevich Bochkarev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2015

This paper considers the main models of communication. The following structural components of a communicative act are analyzed: sender, recipient, contact, message, and code. Four constituents of communicative act components are singled out: 1. Sender includes allocutionary act and communicative act functions; 2. Recipient and contact consist of perlocutionary and interpretive acts; 3. Message may include informative, influencing and phatic properties; 4. Code consists of verbal and non-verbal means of communication.

ФУНКЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАТИВНИЙ РІВЕНЬ ЛІНГВОПЕРСОНИ: ЗАКОНОМІРНОСТІ САМОРЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЛІНГВОПЕРСОНИ

Author(s): Anatoliy Zahnitko,Nadiia Zahnitko / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 6/2018

The main kinds of linguo-personology with differentiation of the general linguo-personology, linguo-cultural and linguo-cognitive personology, social linguo-personology, linguo-personology of the self-realization and self-esteem were determined in the article. The principles of consistency and contrast were characterized as decisive for linguo-personal descriptions. The basic features of the categories of person, linguo-person and personalism were determined. Functional-communicative level of linguo-person was characterized with defining of its basic characteristics, traceability of typological implementations along with verbal-semantic, motivational and cognitive ones.

Христаки Павлович и неговите уроци по писмописание в „Писменник общеполезен“ (1835)

Author(s): Diana Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2021

The object of the research is one of the first two modern Bulgarian textbooks on letter writing – „Pismennik obshtepolezen“ („A Letter Writing Handbook of General Use“), 1835, by the prominent Revival pedagogue Hristaki Pavlovich. The book on letters is presented in the context of the cultural and historical situation in the second quarter of the 19th century, and from the point of view of the changes in the Bulgarian school, where new teaching methods and “modern sciences” were introduced. The article analyzes the theoretical part of „Pismennik obshtepolezen“, which contains instructions and rules for writing letters, and groups the types of letters and their components. Based on some statements by the author, conclusions are drawn about his views on ethical, social and pedagogical issues.

Художній Переклад Як Носій Культурної Пам’яті

Author(s): Olena Pavlenko / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 97/2018

The article highlights literary translation through the study of cultural approaches as well as different philosophical argumentations. Being primarily associated with the work of Susan Bassnett, André Lefevere, Lawrence Venuti, SvitlanaTer-Minasova they focus on translation by exploring the latter both as a literary and cultural phenomenon. Another designation articulated by the cultural approach is that of translation as a form of re-writing, i.e. the way in which cultures build up “images” and “representations” of authors, texts and entire periods of history. In this context, translation comes to be recognized as the means of social and cultural interactions, symbiotic relations between “Self” and “Other” as well as the result of ideological manipulation. Especially convincing is the analysis of the Ukrainian translation during the totalitarian period in the former USSR based on censorship and state control of book production by investigating different layers of the historicity of translation. Uncovering the inadequacy of oppositional notions of “official culture” vs “counter-culture” translations came to viewed as effective means to cultivate historical thinking and provide the possibility to accumulate cultural memory. Furthermore, considering translation as an intercultural process helps not only extend the prospects of translation beyond linguistic analysis but also aims at contributing to the study of other culture representing translations as elements that makes it possible to reconsider the process of preservation of a nation‟s cultural memory.

Целта на изказването и поражденото на метафората

Author(s): Verginiya Koleva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2016

The paper focuses on the thesis that the goal of the utterance plays a catalytic role in the creation of metaphors in dialogic communication. The author’s intention to get a maximally clear description, clarification, argumentation and ‘transfer’ of the listener’s awareness in the cognitive and emotional field of the speaker leads to the generation of metaphors and metaphorical images approaching the addressee’s apprehension.

Ценности и антиценности в концепта облекло през Средновековието

Author(s): Vanya Micheva,Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 01/2021

The linguistic and semantic realizations of the cultural concept clothing correlated with the values and anti-values in the Middle ages are examined in this paper. The authors have studied linguistic data found in hagiographies of women saints in Bdinski zbornik from the 14th century and in the New Bulgarian damascenes from the 17th century. The system of words and phrases that present concept clothing and their distribution in different contexts are analyzed in a relation with values, anti-values and ambivalent realizations in Christian culture.

Церковь в кругу ценностей: семья, традиция, патриотизм (по материалам интернет-портала «Российской газеты»)

Author(s): Dorota Pazio-Wlazłowska / Language(s): Russian

This study is an analysis at the crossroads of axiolinguistics and media linguistics which presents axiological correlations between the concept RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH and the concepts FAMILY, TRADITION and PATRIOTISM. The research material is a corpus of over 400 texts published in the portal www.rg.ru between 2011 and 2020. The analysis indicates a close relationship between the concepts under scrutiny. The anthropomorphisation of the RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH contributes to its perception through the prism of the FAMILY, primarily in the psychosocial and axiological aspects. What is of key importance in the case of both of these concepts is interpersonal relationships – care, and above all: love, perceived not only as the highest value, but also a condition of humanity and true happiness. The relationship between the RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH and TRADITION, in turn, is essentially based on the category of duration, which is fundamental to social self-identification. TRADITION is perceived as the sum of the secular and the religious dimensions, since the history of the Russian Orthodox Church is inextricably linked with the history of statehood, both in material and spiritual terms. The common elements of the concepts RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH and PATRIOTISM are love for the motherland and readiness to defend it. The categories of memory and duration in time are also important.This work was financed from a subvention for maintaining and developing the research potential of the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences.

Цигански елементи в аргото на руските крадци?

Author(s): Viktor V. Shapoval / Language(s): Bulgarian,Romany / Issue: 84-85/2016

Чешско-румынские языковые контакты в румынском Банате (на примере данных полевого исследования)

Author(s): Sergey A. Borisov,Gleb P. Pilipenko / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 01/2021

The paper deals with examples of Czech-Romanian language contacts based on data obtained by the authors during a field research in the Romanian part of the Banat, where the Czech community of Romania resides. The adaptation of Romanian contact items, cases of code switching, discourse markers, metalinguistic comments are discussed. The Czech speech of Romanians is analyzed for the first time.

Что значит бьlть грубмм по-англииски?

Author(s): Marina A. Jegorova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 4/2003

Straipsnyje pateikti skirtingi požifirio taškai i savokas „mandagumas”, „norma” ir „grubumas”. Pabrežiamas itraukimo i sferq pragmatines, NEkooperati- nio komunikacinio elgesio, lyginant su tradiciškai tyrinejamu kooperatiniu elgesiu, analizes aktualumas. Tyrinejimo objektu уга apgalvotas ir motyvuotas grubumas, kaip samoningas individo pasirenkamas elegesio stereotipas.

Чувашский перевод одной проповеди середины XIX века

Author(s): Alexandr V. Savelyev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 01 (20)/2016

The article is devoted to a major mid-19th-century text in Chuvash, a translation of a sermon by Metropolitan Gregory (Postnikov) named "A day of a holy life, or an answer to the question of how I can live holy?". The author considers in detail the monument's writing system, which partly comes from “An inscription of the Chuvash language rules and a Dictionary, compiled for religious schools of the Kazan diocese” by V. P. Vishnevsky and partly is unique among those of old-written records in Chuvash. Analysing the phonological and morphological features of the text's language allows to establish that it's based on the Sundyr dialect of Chuvash, which falls in line together with the historical data on where were the priests, authors of the translation, from.

ШИРОТА УМА, СИЛА ВООБРАЖЕНИЯ И АКТИВНОСТЬ ДУШИ – ВОТ ЧТО ТАКОЕ ГЕНИЙ (К ЮБИЛЕЮ ЭМИЛИИ АГАФОНОВНЫ БАЛАЛЫКИНОЙ)

Author(s): Lilija Renadovna Akhmerova,Vera Alekseyevna Kosova,Ekaterina Sergeevna Palekha / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2017

This paper marks the birth anniversary of Doctor of Philology, Honored Scholar of the Republic of Tatarstan Emiliya Agafonovna Balalykina (b. 1937). Her long research and teaching work is associated mainly with the Kazan University. However, E.A. Balalykina is also a very famous researcher far beyond the borders of Russia. Her studies on language history, modern Russian language, and comparative linguistics are distinguished for an innovative approach to the analyzed linguistic phenomena, as well as by the profundity and importance of the obtained results. Here, an attempt has been made to describe the life of an extraordinary person by offering an insight into the main periods and events of her life, to show the profundity of her research results in Russian (modern and historical) and comparativehistorical word formation. At the Balto-Slavic background (with involvement of all Slavic languages and Lithuanian language, which is most valuable for such comparison), the key reasons for affinity of the languages at the level of word formation, which is often inconsistent with their genetic affinity, were identified, thereby suggesting that certain Slavic and Baltic languages can be divided into groups based on the similarity in the development of adjective formation types. The origin of certain adjectival morphemes was revealed, which is not in line with the traditional views on this problem. Furthermore, the idea of Professor V.M. Markov on the necessity to single out a new branch of Russian studies, grammatical lexicology, was further developed. To make this idea a reality, the grammatical contradictions in the modern Russian language and the “dead ends” in nominal declension and word formation associated with them were studied. In conclusion, a list of publications (papers, abstracts, and conference proceedings) of the recent 10 years covering the urgent problems of grammar and lexicology and candidate and doctoral dissertations defended under the guidance of E.A. Balalykina has been provided. The main areas of research of E.A. Balalykina and her followers have been discussed: Russian and comparative-historical word formation, semantic word formation, enantiosemy, grammatical lexicology. E.A. Balalykina has been characterized as a brilliant lecturer and speaker, good organizer, talented and loyal leader, skillful storyteller, wise mentor, and strong human with a kind heart.

Шта лична имена говоре о разлици ‘мушко’ – ‘женско’, роду и структурној организацији језика

Author(s): Jovanka Radić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 24/2017

The subject of the paper can be described as an investigation into the logical foundations of personal names (PNs) aimed at examining the relationship between natural gender and grammatical gender in Serbian PNs, the type of their structural organization, and their integration into language as a system. It is found that the specific feature of PNs has to do with the fact that they imply all predetermined (/ determined through being understood in themselves) categorial dimensions: “human” is a predetermined category of being; “human beings” are comprehended as distinct “beings” (″“one” in itself″); the subject of a PN is predefined as ‘male’ or ‘female’. This enables (1) the intentional formation of PNs (a defined denominator and a determined act of nomination) and determines (2) the specific value of the formative and grammatical morphemes in the structure of PNs (suffixes and the grammatical gender), including (3) peculiar types of meaning and organization, depending on whether a PN is considered to be a part of the corpus of personal names (a word without a specific reference) or it serves as an identifier. As PNs serve the purpose of identification, the relationship between a PN and a person as the subject of nomination is very strong (1 : 1). In this type of denominating relation, the personal identity dominates (a PN is repeatable, whereas the personal identity is “one” and universally unique). Due to this, the organization of PNs as the expressions of personal identities depends on subjects and the social networks in which they are embedded, and not on their PNs (their meanings or interpretations read into them). It is right to say that subjects keep PNs isolated from each other, as well as from the language system. While following in the footsteps of Whorf and relying on Aristotle, Vigotsky, De Saussure, etc. we demonstrate that language bears the distinction between “male” and “female” as a relationship between two predefined complementary classes. In the spoken language, they are variously interpreted and expressed using various types of means – symbolic (male – female) or non-symbolic (“he” – “she”, grammatical gender). Regardless of whether a language distinguishes the noun gender and regardless of the way it reacts to the sex, this relationship that is understood by itself dictates that the identity of a person be determined at the moment of naming and classified as ‘male’ or ‘female’, which are (in the collective linguistic consciousness) taken as two polarized classes of the same rank. The same rank of the opposites means that there is no coordination (‘female’ ‖ ‘male’ – MAN) and that it is impossible to elevate PNs to a general level, due to which PNs, as parts of the corpus of personal names, form a distinct group in the language system. This explains the fact that entire corpora of personal names may be replaced without any consequence for the language as a system, which indirectly reveals the organizational principles of the language as a system. The status of PNs as the units of the corpus of personal names indicates that the organization of language does not rest on binary relations, especially not between two units of the same rank. It has to rely on three-unit structures that can be abstracted to the relationship DEFINED ‖ UNDEFINED – NEUTRAL. The fact that PNs are consistently divided into male and female shows that the identity of a human being as an individual (person and personality) cannot exist without the touch of the “forces” of ‘female’ and ‘male’. Furthermore, it also shows that the “identity” of a MAN as a human and biological being (a being defined in terms of gender and genus) could not exist without disregarding these forces. In other words, language would be impossible if the action of these forces were incessant.

Шта утиче на усвајање и употребу синонима

Author(s): Jovan Savić,Ljiljana Lovren / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 3/1985

Синоними — истозначнице. Синоними се најчешће дефинишу као ријечи које имају исто или слично значење. Т. Маретић разликује синониме кош имају сасвим исто значење, као што су: хљеб — крух, јадан — тужан, лијеп — красан од оних који не значе сасвим исто: бојати се — плашити се, будаласт — луд — безуман — глуп, част — дика — слава. Ово се узима као основ подјеле на такозване праве и неправе синониме. Праве синониме по овој би подјели представљ але ријечи које имају потпуно идентично значење, а настале су из различитих извора из којих тај језик црпе своју лексику: дијалекти, говорне и књижевне средине, инојезички утицаји и реликти.

Штокавски у функцији литерарног и стандардног језика на кајкавској језичкој територији (Културно-хисторијска анализа)

Author(s): Herta Kuna / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian / Issue: 1-2/1972

При генези једног стандардног језика битну улогу игра читав низ ванлингвистичких компонената, међу којима значајно мјесто заузима литерарнојезичка традиција, која увијек стоји у извјесном односу према оном језичком идиому на бази којег ce формира одређени стандардни језик, без обзира да ли je за тај идиом везана директно или индиректно. Друга значајна компонента je дијалекатска ситуација регије коју стандардни језик у настајању треба да обухвати, a трећа, и у много чему и пресудна je конкретна друштвено-политичка ситуација и хисторијски моменат у коме je отпочело формирање стандардног језика.