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Приоритети в управлението на образованието в контекста на проектите на Програма Образование (2021- 2027)

Author(s): Maria Yankova-Mladenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Programme Education 2021-2027 is a key instrument for addressing major challenges in the education system with a total budget of over 1.9 billion BGN. The programme is co-financed by the European Social Fund+ (ESF+) with nearly 1.539 billion BGN, as well as from the state budget of the Republic of Bulgaria. The article presents the key priorities and management strategies of the programme.

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Приложение на изкуствения интелект в системи за интегрирано засичане и отговор на киберзаплахи

Author(s): Asen Kehayov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The vital role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing the efficiency of Extended Detection and Response (XDR) systems has been revealed. It is determined that AI significantly improves the capabilities of XDR, which is in line with the continuously evolving landscape of digital threats, allowing for faster and more accurate detection and response to incidents. Real-world application scenarios, effectiveness, and the potential improvement of cyber incident response strategies, thanks to the integration of AI into XDR systems, are presented. Results from the research that was conducted show a significant reduction in detection and response times, a progressive decrease in the number of false alarms, and higher efficiency in human resource management, securing the protection of ndividual information assets.

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20 години членство на Република България в НАТО и предизвикателствата, породени от геостратегическите проекти на Китай и Русия върху националната сигурност

Author(s): Valeri Ivanov,Michael Kozarski,Anton Manchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The authors of this paper set out to examine the impact of some of the more important Chinese and Russian geostrategic projects in the context of the global confrontation between the old and new Great Powers and the impact their actions project on our national security. The scope of the research is focused on the border security of the Republic of Bulgaria and its attempts to fully enter the borderless control zone of the internal borders of the European Union (EU) - the Schengen area, as well as its stronger commitment to the Euro-Atlantic integration. Important aspects of these strategic tasks for Bulgaria are the protection of the territorial integrity of the country, the fight against criminal contingents from organized crime, the prevention of the ever-increasing migrant pressure on its borders, as well as the prevention of the corruption factor in the listed `operations`.

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Насоки за използване и развитие на системите и средствата за разузнаване чрез изображения

Author(s): Valeri Todorov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The development of the perception of the scope of the “concept of situational awareness, the dynamics of combat operations, technological progress and the need of commanders for reliable and timely information to make an informed decision, compile an urgent need for acquisition and development of capabilities in relation to the use of intelligence systems and intelligence imaginary platforms.

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География на киберпространството

Author(s): Dragomir Krastev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report examines the growing role of cyberspace as a fifth domain of military action and political confrontation. An overview of the main definitions of the concept of „cyberspace“ based on normative and strategic documents was made. Its hierarchical levels are distinguished. The main threats in cyberspace and their resonance in security and defense are laid out. It is concluded that digitization will become an increasingly important factor in military affairs, turning cyberspace into an operational environment and a new theater of military operations that is not limited by geographical boundaries.

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Киберефектите в операции – проекция на сила в киберпространството

Author(s): Kristina Krumova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This report addresses aspects related to effects and cyber effects, as well as key points related to their planning, use and evaluation in missions and operations. Cyber effects are explored as the projection of power in and through cyberspace with outcomes across the physical and cognitive spectrum. The possibilities for their measurement and evaluation are analyzed. The research and analysis done gives reason to consider cyber effects as an important tool in the hands of the commander to achieve results.

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Countering Hybrid Threats: Cybersecurity’s Vital Role in Modern Conflict

Author(s): Nuran Mahmudov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article provides a comprehensive examination of hybrid threats and their implications in modern conflict, with a particular focus on cybersecurity’s pivotal role in addressing these multifaceted challenges. Through insightful analysis and real-world case studies, including Russian hybrid warfare tactics in Ukraine and the cyber component of China’s military strategy, the article illuminates the complex interplay between conventional and irregular tactics, information warfare, and cyber-attacks. By recapping key points and emphasizing the importance of understanding and countering hybrid threats in the contemporary era, the article underscores the urgency for strengthening cybersecurity defences and fostering international cooperation. Ultimately, the article serves as a call to action for policymakers, military strategists, and cybersecurity professionals to remain vigilant, adaptive, and proactive in confronting the evolving landscape of hybrid warfare and safeguarding the security and resilience of nations in an interconnected world.

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Анализ на функциите за управление на качеството на услугите в комуникационно-информационна система с военно предназначение

Author(s): Rosen Angelov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This report examines the parameters, functions and main characteristics of communication technologies that guarantee the quality of information services. Three communication technologies (ATM, MPLS and IP) are presented, a comparative analysis of the service quality parameter is performed and its influence on improving the management of the communication and information system is substantiated. The migration to a newer type of technology, supporting better functionality in terms of quality of services, would undoubtedly lead to an improvement of the overall process in the management of a communication-information system, which can be successfully applied in the military sphere as well.

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A Strategic Approach to Development and Implementation of Quantum Technology in Security

Author(s): Stefaniya Mircheska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Quantum technology in security and defense is identified as a key emerging technology whose potential applications can allow to expand its capabilities. These technologies are getting closer to revolutionizing the world of innovation and could change the rules of security, including modern warfare. For any new innovative technology, it is necessary to set the right strategic approach. The NATO Quantum Strategy is the first strategic document approved by the NATO Foreign Ministers, as in January 2024. NATO published a summary of the document. The strategy outlines how quantum can be applied to defense and security, and helps promote and guide NATO‘s collaboration with industry to develop a transatlantic quantum technology ecosystem. Quantum technology is one of the technology areas that NATO Allies prioritize, and it is therefore necessary for all countries to develop a clear approach to development and deployment.

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Приложение на водни безпилотни и дистанционно управляеми средства за добиване и отдалечено предаване на информация във военноморските операции

Author(s): Todor Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper examines the application of unmanned and remotely controlled sea vehicles in naval operations. It’s stressed the importance of integration of modern sensor technologies and data processing systems, which enable the effective collection and analysis of information in real time. There are analysed diverse approaches for use in naval operations, including maritime situational awareness, anti-mine and anti-submarine warfare, and the joint use of unmanned and manned platforms

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Институционално взаимодействие при прилагане на радиоелектронни мерки за борба с дронове в мирно време

Author(s): Hristo Stanev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report presents the results of a scientific study, which substantiates the need to organize institutional interaction in the application of radio-electronic measures to combat drones. The conflict in Ukraine has revealed the great possibilities of using drones as a combat tool both on the battlefield and in striking critical civilian and military infrastructure. In response to the changed security environment, it became necessary to take additional peacetime countermeasures to drone activities around areas of military or strategic sites. By a decree of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Bulgaria, effective from the beginning of December 2023, the security of strategic sites was added as a strategic activity. The temporary obstacle facility on the Bulgarian-Turkish border was announced as a strategic object in 2017. These new circumstances determine the relevance of the present topic to propose organizational measures for the effective implementation of institutional interaction in the application of radio-electronic measures to combat drones.

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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migration in Europe

Author(s): Judyta Cabańska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented restrictions to travel and mobility at global level. Limitations of migration flows resulted in problems in countries with a large share of immigrants on the labor market. The aim of the chapter is to examine the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on migration flow in Europe. In addition, the impact of changes in migration flows during the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market in Europe is also presented. Design/methodology/approach: The following research methods were used in the work: cause and effect analysis, statistical analysis of quantitative data, descriptive statistics methods. The analysis used statistical data from Eurostat, Frontex, OECD and the International Organization for Migration (IOM). Findings: From the analysis, it can be concluded that restrictions on migration to Europe contributed to reducing the influx of migrants to EU countries, which was reflected in the situation on the labor market. Increasing labor shortages in critical sectors leads to a slowdown in the post-pandemic recovery of economies. The lifting of pandemic restrictions in 2021 made it possible to partially resume travel. Labor markets have recovered surprisingly rapidly, as vaccination levels have risen markedly and mobility has normalised. Research limitations: The possibilities to determine the impact of restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic on migration flows are limited, as the timeliness and frequency of data collection are not sufficient to provide adequate information on this subject. Practical implications: The European Union should support the opening of legal migration channels. Making legal migration more difficult for people in developing countries will encourage more people to attempt irregular migration. It is necessary to pursue an effective immigration policy tailored to the needs of the labor market of EU Member States in conjunction with development policy. During the pandemic, it was possible to observe how much some sectors of the economy are dependent on workers from other countries. Originality and value: This chapter attempts to contribute to the literature on international migration delivering results of analysis of impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the migration flows in Europe.

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The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sustainable business practices—case of an international logistics company

Author(s): Łukasz Małys,Rafał Jabłoński / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of the research was verification of changes in companies’ environmental and social initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic and determination of the impact of these changes on the economic benefits and costs. Design/methodology/approach: A case study method was applied in the research. A deliberately selected company, which participated in previous quantitative research was chosenfor the study. Findings: In the analysed company, the COVID-19 pandemic led to the acceleration of the already implemented sustainable business practices and the introduction of new ones. It suggests that the crisis may improve companies’ environmental and social results. The improvementis particularly likely, if the implemented sustainable business practices meet one of the criteria: have a positive impact on the financial performance in the short term (1), reduce business risks highlighted by the crisis (2) or improve efficiency, optimise operations (3). Research limitations/implications: A company selected for the case study may be considered a sustainability leader and, as such, is not representative for the population. At the same time, however, it meets the criterion of vividness of the cases selected for study. Originality and value: In the previously conducted quantitative research, the largest group of respondents indicated that in the crisis they would probably give up all implemented environmental and social practices. The presented results suggest, that the opposite approach—increasing the number and accelerating already implemented sustainable business practices—may be profitable for the companies.

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German Energy Policy – New Challenges in Times of War

Author(s): Knut Abraham / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The European citizen expect from the German economy to become a proof of concept for the real energy transformation process, migrating from fossil power generation and nuclear power plants to a carbon neutral energy industry. By the utilization of the vision for the Green Deal in Europe – ending nuclear, coal and gas energy use simultaneously is an ambitious approach. It is nevertheless the obligation of the decision makers to preserve our planet and solve the imminent threat posed by climate change. Germany’s new government imperatively has to find answers on how to secure supply, limit the economic impact of this transition and diversify our energy sources throughout Europe. Tendencies – especially among the currently governing party, the Greens – to reject certain options out of pure ideology must be overcome in order to find the best solutions. The following overview is focused on the critical processes in the German economic model related to the post-COVID and Ukraine crisis and the response needed to remain on course towards the green transition.

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Space Geopolitics in 2022

Author(s): Boris Manov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Ever since the dawn of men, there has been a captivation with distant stars and the blue sky. The ideological competition between the two superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States leads to remarkable discoveries and extraordinary accomplishments in outer space. The culmination of this contest was humanity’s first step on the Moon and the widely accepted American victory against the Soviet Union in the first Space Race. Fifty-three years later, the fascinating nature of outer space still prevails with new participants looking to make their mark and an old competitive nature still driving human progress. The geopolitics of space since the beginning of 2022, have had alternating dynamics, due to various factors, perhaps leading to significant vicissitudes in the balance of power.

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Reforma unii celnej

Author(s): Tadeusz Senda / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present the changes to the EU customs regulations adopted by the European Commission on May 17, 2023. Design/methodology/approach: Author describes the previous and existing customs codifications from 1992 and 2014. Afterwards, he analyses the reasons for undertaking work on the current reform of the customs union and underlines the work of project groups. Finally, the author presents the structure of the new Customs Code, indicating the most important proposed changes. Findings: The provisions reforming the customs union are a response to situations in recent years,such as Brexit, the pandemic, the increased number of tasks of customs authorities resulting from non-tariff regulations and the massive development of e-commerce. Moreover, they are to prepare the customs service for new challenges, including the centralisation of the most important IT systems and the creation of the EU Customs Agency. Additionally, these provisions are intended to ensure the implementation of the principle of acting as one.

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Wiążące informacje jako instrumenty zarządzania ryzykiem celno-podatkowym

Author(s): Edyta Małecka-Ziembińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of the chapter is to present and evaluate some of the most important instruments for business to facilitate the submission of customs declarations and minimise the risk of violation, even unconscious, of the calculation elements in customs declarations. Design/methodology/approach: The chapter will first characterise and assess changes in the scope ofissuing binding information in Poland, effective from July 1, 2023. Then, the importance of binding customs information for the certainty and uniformity of application of both customs and tax law willbe presented. In the following, the binding customs information BTI and BOI that are already in forcewill be characterised, and the work on introducing the most difficult of these information—namely binding valuation information (BVI)—will be described.F indings: The simplification and unification of the rules for processing binding information is of a systemic nature. It contributes both to improving the efficiency of issuing such decisions and positively shapes the situation of taxpayers, which serves to deepen the principle of citizen’s trustin tax authorities and legal certainty. Binding valuation information is generally considered to bea more complex area than tariff classification and origin, which may explain the continued lack of such an instrument. Therefore, the progress of work on binding valuation information should be assessed positively. Its implementation will increase transparency and legal certainty and contributeto compliance and uniformity in customs valuation, to the benefit of economic operators, customs authorities and the financial interests of the EU and individual Member States.

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Procedura celna 42 a oszustwa w zakresie VAT

Author(s): Agnieszka Krysztofiak,Dariusz Strugliński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The purpose of this chapter is to present basic information on customs procedure 42 and VAT fraud using this procedure. The rules of administrative assistance between EU Member States in the field of VAT aimed at combating fraud using customs procedure 42 were also identified and presented. Administrative assistance instruments such as VIES, Eurofisc network were characterised and compared. Finally, the challenges faced by the tax administrations of EU Member States in the combating fraud using customs procedure 42 were presented. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the purpose, an analysis of legal acts was used, including in particular Council Regulation (EU) No 904/2010 of 7 October 2010 on administrative cooperation and combating fraud in the field of value added tax as well as the documents published by the European Commission and the European Court of Auditors (ETO) and also Olaf, Europol and EPPO. Findings: Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that close cooperation between tax and customs administrations is of great importance for the efficiency of the tax authorities of all EU Member States. The exchange of information between Member States should mainly be based on joint analysis of information and cross-checks of customs and tax information. Such an innovative approach will enable full use of the anti-fraud tools available within the European Union and, consequently, will contribute to faster elimination of VAT fraud using customs procedure 42. Cooperation between countries using the tools described in this chapter is the most appropriate way to combat cross-border VAT fraud using customs procedure 42.

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Устойчивост на веригите за доставка в контекста на европейската фармацевтична индустрия

Author(s): Valentin Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The global pharmaceutical supply chains continue to suffer from delays in production processes, resource shortages, lack of capacity, etc., initially caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and additionally complicated afterwards by a number of political and economic issues. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the level of adoption of sustainable supply chain models by the European pharmaceutical business. The research methods include induction, deduction and case studies. The results show that despite the challenges which the European pharmaceutical companies have faced, they successfully reach their sustainable development goals and as one of the spheres with highest levels of innovations, they are expected to be well prepared and less vulnerable in a case of future turbulent events.

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Социално предприемачество и социални иновации

Author(s): Nevse Arnaud / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In modern terms, entrepreneurship is a key factor for the development of economies and the increase of the well-being of society. In both developed and developing countries, entrepreneurship solves important economic and social tasks, such as reducing unemployment, increasing innovation activity, accelerating structural changes in the economy, regional development, and others. Entrepreneurial activity leads to the emergence of new business models that increase the productivity of economic agents in particular and the competitiveness of the economy as a whole.

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