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The author shares her point of view with regard to the interactive teaching methods in the field of biology in secondary schools. A tutorial “Viruses” from the 10th grade curriculum is presented. It combines a variety of techniques, aiming at turning students into builders of the new knowledge. In the process of building the right decision in the given case study, students find the significant differences between bacterial and viral infections for being able to distinguish between the two main treatment approaches.
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In this study, the Schiff base complex of CoII derived from reaction between Benzene-1,2-diamine, Acetophenone, and 1H-Pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde have been synthesized. All the complexes have been characterized on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral studies. All the complexes are light in color and stable to atmosphere. Elemental analysis shows ML2 stoichiometry for the complex. IR spectral data indicates coordination through NH pyrrole and azomethine nitrogen groups. Electronic spectral data suggests a polymeric octahedral structure for the CoII complex. The structural characterization of Schiff base and cobalt complexes were carried out on the basis of their melting point, solubility, elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT 90, and HETCOR spectroscopy studies. Molecular geometries, vibrational frequencies, and NMR frequencies of the title compounds in the ground state are calculated using the Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theories (DFT/B3LYP), and GIAO methods with the 3-21G** basis set and compared with the experimental data. The calculated results show that the optimized geometries can reproduce the crystal structural parameters, and the theoretical vibrational frequencies show good agreement with the experimental values. The calculated Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The geometries and normal modes of vibrations obtained from DFT/3-21G** calculations are in good agreement with the experimentally observed data.
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The Higher Education system all over the world in general has over the years been evolving and changing to meet the essentialities of its citizens. In order to improve and sustain, standard efforts are put in to create better atmosphere for reaching higher echelons. Education systems that are introduced enhances the social, environmental and quality of the country in general. The type of education and access to education has a direct relationship to the economical development and the country’s progress. Though we could see progress happening but we have to ensure that quality education is provided. With specific reference to India, we have at present 6,415 engineering/technology institutions with an intake capacity of 1,844,642 students at the under-graduate level. At times it seems that due to mushrooming of technical institutions in India, the challenge in maintenance of quality in technical education takes a very serious dent. In fact this issue remains upper most in the minds of the students, the parents, the faculty and the industry alike. There is a strong correlation between a country’s competitiveness and the quality of education, more so of higher education. Developing nations like India should start to explore and exploit its excellent potential and move forward, to attain a higher level of quality in engineering education, by strengthening its talent. The various quality assurance approaches and models that are in place elsewhere in the world could be studied, compared and applied in shaping the national vision.
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The effectively formed professional competence is a guarantee, that the graduating students are prepared for the future professional challenges. A technological model of teaching and learning in a compulsory course in engineering ecology from the Bachelor program “Heat Engineering” of TU-Sofia is presented in the article. The technology has been developed on a broad, integrative theoretical basis and on the basis of an international and national studies which are related to the preparation of future engineers. The outlined components of the model - goal setting, learning content, teaching and learning activities, resources and diagnostics are based on a survey of teachers, employers and students on the ability to create the necessary professional competencies. The obtained results prove that the applied model corresponds to the set training objectives, the strategy and the vision for development of TU-Sofia and the requirements of the business. The introduction of modules related to risk assessment, uncertainty, sustainability and environmental impact assessment significantly broadens the prospects of future engineers at the beginning of their careers. The developed technology provides opportunities for creating and validating the appropriate tools for studying students’ achievements and the degree of formation of their professional competencies.
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In recent years unfolds an information communication revolution, associated with significant changes in technology, software and communications, and the transition to a new type of economy, which is summarized by some authors as the "revolution of the concepts" (Р. Drucker). As a precondition and a result occur also significant changes in the place and role of humans in the production system. The goal of the current paper is to summarize the main features of the new type of economy, as in the interpretation of key concepts for it to systematize the ongoing changes in the forms of application, functions, nature and content of work. For the achievement of the basic goal and tasks of the research will be applied the traditional methods of induction and deduction, the historic and the logical approach, methods and means of the comparative analysis. The analysis leed to the conclusion that the work in the new economy differs significantly from that in the previous stages of the development of the economy. Its evolution follows the trend of more dynamic development, the use of more highly qualified staff, the increasingly widespread application of various flexible forms of employment.
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In 1989, Hungary was seen as the most market-ready economy in Eastern Europe. In termsof its per capita GDP, however, Hungary is yet to catch up to state socialist levels even aftertwo decades, despite incorporation into the European Union and sharply increased globaland European trade flows. The privatisation of the erstwhile socialist state’s property andthe dominance of western Europe-based capital in assembly plant manufacturing hasmeant high import content for exports and weak wage and subcontracting effects for thelocal economy.
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The article examines the peculiarities of developing an investment business project - both theoretically and practically. The structure of a project proposal is outlined. The way to develop a business plan is explored. Described are its main elements, specifics of preparation, planning and evaluation. A concrete example of an investment analysis of a business plan has been developed.
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In this research work, Author focus on the current analysis trends in foreign trade theory and policy. Accordance with the foreign trade policy theory further trade liberalisation and improved framework policies would increase trade and promote growth. It must be emphasized that openness to trade is associated with higher incomes and growth and there is the need for new approaches to trade cooperation in light of the forces that are currently re-shaping international business. What indicates the importance and innovativeness of the research is the presentation of the new models of the foreign trade policy and trade interests. First of all, it must underline that in the new theoretical terms in demand for trade policy very important is factor specificity. The low specificity of factors means that factor returns are equalized throughout a region’s economy. On the other hand, some factors are stuck in their present uses; therefore, factor returns are not equalized throughout a region’s economy but are industry specific. The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of current trends in foreign trade theory and policy and in particular models of foreign trade policy, trade interests indicated by export orientation and import sensitivity, foreign trade policy in different types of authoritarian regimes, protectionist pressures in different political system, the level of protectionist pressures, the tendencies to bilateralism in the foreign trade policy. It should be stressed that free trade in itself is not responsible for economic growth, but more significant are the determining macroeconomic stability and increasing investment.
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Coal is the primary energy source affecting Poland’s energy security. It is because deposits of this raw material are available in Poland. Unlike natural gas or oil reserves, which are limited in the country. The high cost of extracting Polish coal in comparison with coal prices on the world market has made it necessary to adopt Polish mining to functioning in market economy conditions. The paper presents the evolution of Polish government policy towards the activity of coal mines in the years 1990–2015. This article aims to present government policy on restructuring coal mining after 2015 and showing its effects. The stages of consolidation of the power industry with the mining industry are shown. The above issues are presented in the context of the European Union’s energy and climate policy, paying particular attention to the share of renewable energy sources in the energy and fuel balance and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere.
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The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the place of Ukraine among other countries by the level of budget openness, to specify the disadvantages inherent in different groups of countries in order to justify the directions of increasing the efficiency and transparency of the budget process and budget management in Ukraine. The methodology of calculating the Open Budget Index, which is calculated by the International Budget Partnership since 2006, is explored. Based on the analysis of the Reports of 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, and 2015 years, the results of a comparative analysis of the position of Ukraine among the rest of the world by the level of openness (transparency) of the budget using the data of the Open Budget Index are presented. A grouping of countries was conducted using a matrix approach to establish the relationship between the levels of the Open Budget Index and the levels of public participation, oversight by legislature and oversight by the Supreme Audit Institution. Taking into account the number of countries covered by the Opne Budget Index, a detailed analysis of the indicators of a group of 28 countries in Europe and Central Asia, covering 27.5% of all countries covered by the study, and which includes Ukraine, has been made. Taking into account the indicators presented in the Report of the International Budget Partnership, in order to more accurately characterize the content of the evaluated processes, the feasibility of using the title "Index of Openness (Transparency) of Budget Management" is substantiated. The necessity of the analysis of the influence of the quality of budgetary management on other international indices has been substantiated in order to reveal their interrelation and to substantiate the directions of development of the system of budget management. The shortcomings inherent to various groups of countries of the world with the purpose of substantiation of directions of increase of efficiency and transparency of budgetary process and budget management in Ukraine are specified. The results of the comparative analysis show that more attention should be paid to public participation, since at a low level of this indicator it is not possible to reach a high level of Open Budget Index, even by creating an effective system of supervision and control by the legislature and Supreme Audit Institution.
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The paper is devoted to the research of strategic aspects of the development of innovative-integrated structures in Ukraine in the conditions of the globalization of economic relations in the world. The relevance of developing the innovative strategies of economy's management at the level of state and its regions, implementation the effective innovation policy and appropriate mechanisms for its realization with using the modern forms, methods, levers, instruments of regulation of the innovation processes are emphasized. On the basis of the analysis of tendencies in the sphere of innovation activity and socio-economic development of the country as a whole, the lack of favorable prerequisites for the significant dissemination of innovative-integrated structures at the current stage of development of the national economy has been stated.The expediency of a strategic approach to the regulation of the processes of creation and development of the innovative-integrated structures in Ukraine has been underlined, which is aimed to the long-term management on basis the defined goals and using the set of means regarding their achievement, taking into account the actions of external and internal conditions and the dynamics of their change.The purpose and content of the main components of the strategic approach to the development of innovative-integrated structures, such as a strategic analysis and monitoring, strategic forecasting, strategic planning, strategic management, are defined.The peculiarities of applying of the modern strategic instrumentation of development of the innovative-integrated structures are substantiated to which of what are been: a foresight research, branding of territories, territorial benchmarking, program-target method, scenario method, etc.
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The article considers the issues of legal support of state regulation of innovation activity in Ukraine. The lack of legal framework in the innovation sector is a significant factor contributing to the formation and development of innovative activity and the effective use of the existing intellectual potential of the country and its regions. Many barriers exist in laws and regulations, which ultimately adversely affect the formation and development of an innovative climate in the state and its regions, taking into account socio-economic and political instability.The purpose of the article is to study the degree of legislative provision of state regulation of innovation activity in Ukraine and the search for directions for its improvement in conditions of socio-economic instability. The author determines the basic Ukrainian laws which regulate the innovative activity in Ukraine. The paper substantiates the necessity of legislative framework improvement for the implementation and normal operation of the model of innovative development in Ukraine. The drawbacks of the present legislative base of innovation activity regulation in Ukraine are analyzed. The article determines the main features of the innovative activity and the ways of implementation of innovative activity regulation. It was determined that regional legislation in the field of regulation of innovation activity may be more progressive than at the national level. In addition, it will not only complement it, but fill in the gaps, especially in terms of terminology, rights and responsibilities of the parties to the innovation process and in other issues related to the specific activity of innovation-integrated structures.
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The article deals with the basic aspects of regulation on the definition and control of customs value of goods in European countries. The methods of customs valuation used in the EU, the main elements of the procedure of the correctness of its determination, especially the settlement of disputes in this area. The analysis and expediency of implementation of articles of the Customs Code of the EU in defining and controlling the customs value of goods in domestic practice.Thus, the purpose of writing is a synthesis of European experience regarding normative regulation on the definition and control of the customs value.Thus, summarizing the results of the research, it should be noted that the question of definition, control and adjustment of the customs value of goods in the EU is economic in nature and provides for the protection of customs interests of both the state and participants in foreign economic activity is regulated exclusively by regulations that are not only customs Code, but also leadership (guidance) to determine the customs value and amendments thereto, which contain detailed algorithm of actions for each of the participants customs relations. In addressing problem areas to adjust customs value of preferred consensus through written consultations between the customs authorities and participants of foreign trade who are interested in observing the customs legislation creates conditions for the development of mechanisms for customs simplifications.However, it should be noted that certain elements of the European practice of regulation study issues reflected in the Customs Code of Ukraine, however, worth noting that it is expedient adaptation implemented articles to domestic realities of state customs, which certainly should include the development and adoption of additional regulations andlegal acts that regulate issues identification, control, adjustment of customs value of goods, and will make these processes "transparent" and accessible to members of customs relations.
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The article discloses the study and the ways of improvement of theoretical aspects of creating the conditions for the innovation cluster in the region with the help of grounding the indicators of innovation, investment and personnel constituents. The analysis of the conditions for the formation of innovation clusters in the context of the regions of Ukraine was carried out. The explanation of the trends of activation of the formation of innovation clusters in the conditions of economic growth of the regions of Ukraine was further developed. It was grounded on the assessment of innovative development of the region, which is an important stage in the development of regional innovation strategies and the choice of clustering directions. It is substantiated that the success of the development of the innovation cluster in the economy of the region depends, first of all, on the development of innovation, investment and personnel components. The use of multicriteria assessment of the preconditions for the formation of clusters in the region is proposed, which allows taking into account the most important factors influencing the process of formation of the cluster.The proposed method involves the use of available data for analysis, and takes into account the most important factors of the preconditions of clusterization. Therefore it is universal for using. The practical application of this technique will allow a reasonable preliminary selection of regions in which the most favorable prerequisites for the formation of clusters are available. Prospects for further research will consist in the study and evaluation of the conditions for the functioning of potential clusters in the region with the use of such qualitative methods as SWOT-analysis, PEST-analysis, the results of which can be used for substantiation of conditions for the formation of cluster structures in certain areas of economic activity in the region.
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The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities in the areas of educational migration in Ukraine, to find out the reasons for the process of its existence, and to substantiate the directions of interaction between employers and higher primary schools as one of the most effective measures to reduce the volume of educational migration in Ukraine.The features and vector orientation of educational migration of the population of Ukraine are considered in the article. The dynamics of educational migration in Ukraine during the years of state independence have been analyzed. The main reasons for the process of the spread of educational migration and its consequences are determined. Attention is drawn to the imbalance of the labour market and education. The main measures for stabilization of educational migration flows at the international, state, regional and individual educational establishments are determined. The directions of interaction between employers and higher educational establishments as a means of stabilization of educational migration flows are offered.In the context of dramatic increase in educational emigration, the development of the market for educational services and the establishment of its link with the labour market become necessary. Cooperation between employers and high education will allow solving a number of existing problems. The main directions of this interaction include: organization of internships at the enterprises; updating of training programs according to employers' requirements; participation of practitioners, professionals in the learning process; the introduction of a dual education system, etc.
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The purpose of the article is to justify the expediency of a deeper study of approaches to justifying the choice of an effective method of motivating staff at the enterprise. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the main types of staff motivation, the appropriate limits for the use of each method.The system of indicators of efficiency of separate methods of personnel motivation is substantiated, which allows to comprehensively assessing the main components of the successful operation of the enterprise. These indicators include: labor productivity; coefficients of turnover of young and promising workers; the utilization rate of jobs in the most busy shift; the level of staffing; average wage growth rate due to investing in human capital; the ratio of the average monthly salary of managers and employees; the proportion of employees who received material rewards for their work; the ratio of the growth rates of labor productivity and wages; the proportion of employees working in conditions that do not meet the current sanitary and hygienic standards. For each indicator, an economic interpretation is made of the influence of motivational tools on the dynamics of the values of key labor indicators.The effectiveness of the choice of the method of motivating the staff directly affects the final results of the department's activities, so this aspect of strategic development of the company management should be given enough attention.
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The paper is defined the necessity of forming integrated structures for improving the competitiveness of agroindustrial complex as the main component of sustainable development of economy and its national security at current stage of economy's reforming. Personnel provision as one of the formative factor in the process of the formation of integrated structures in the agroindustrial complex is distinguished.The main socio-economic preconditions of personnel provision of integrated structures in general and in the agro-industrial complex, in particular, are considered. The shares of rural population and agricultural lands in terms of countries of the world, including Ukraine are analyzed. The status of staffing of rural areas of Ukraine, the based on basic demographic indicators is considered. The dynamics of indicators, which are characterizing the socio-economic preconditions of personnel provision of integrated structures in the agroindustrial complex of Ukraine, are analyzed. The complex of measures which could aim to solve the problems with personnel provision of integrated structures in the agroindustrial complex of Ukraine is presented.
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The purpose of this study is to assess the level of tax burden on a business entity using the basic methodology and its adjustment, taking into account the practical aspects of the activity of a particular agricultural enterprise.In the article, based on the adjustment of the basic methodology for estimating the level of tax burden on the entity, taking into account the practical aspects of the activity of the JSK them. Frunze of Alexandria district of Kirovograd region in 2012-2016, the level of tax burden on an agricultural enterprise is researched. It is proved that the peculiarities of the activity of the individual economic entity influence the formation and dynamics of changes in the tax burden factors and are important for the development of fair approaches in the taxation of agricultural producers.The assessment of the tax burden at the microeconomic level provides an opportunity to substantiate the important interrelations between the indicators of economic activity and the amount of tax payments, to identify trends in the development of individual industries or activities within certain economic entities. The adjusted method of calculating tax burden indicators, taking into account sector specifics and specifics of the operation of the enterprise, is based on the use of a system of important economic indicators, reflected in its financial, statistical and tax reporting. Further studies of the above-mentioned problem should be conducted in the direction of in-depth study of causal relationships between the level of tax burden as a productive indicator and a set of factors that form it, based on the construction and use of deterministic and stochastic factor models
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