We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
In the market-oriented business environment information and its quality are becoming increasingly prominent. Significant pieces of information are included in financial statements. Since accounting is not an end unto itself but is aimed towards different users, the quality of the information is the most important for making business decisions. Information about financial position, performance, and cash flows of the business entities, which is given in financial statements, is of great importance for internal and external users, as it forms the basis for making various business decisions.
More...
Сви они који су од Ћеновске Конференце очекивали неке позитивне резултате у ријешавању великих свјетских финансијских проблема, остали су разочарани, веk првих дана Конференце, а јопr више током самих расправа, које су се водиле по разним одборима и пододборима. Број таких оптимиста био је, истина, одувјек врло мален, но треба признати да је било људи који су се ипак нечему надали. Конац Конференце распршио је све сумље, и показао да европске државе нису на Конференци покрочиле ни за корак напријед у сређивању тешке привредне и финансијске ситуације у цијелој Европи, а нарочито у њезиним средњим и источним дијеловима.
More...
Financial statements of a company provide the stakeholders with the information about the financial position, financial performance, and cash flows of the company. Cash flow information is important because it indicates whether the company generates enough cash to pay over all liabilities on due dates. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the cash flow statements of two (out of three) companies in the cement industry in Serbia.
More...
The activities in the system of pre-school and school education are financed with funds from the state budget, municipal budgets, national programs and European funds. The allocation of these resources in an efficient and equitable manner ensures both the proper use of public resources and the right of citizens to education. From the proposed practical example, it is clear that operating with funds provided by the state budget for institutions in the system of preschool and school education requires knowledge of regulatory requirements, assistance and synchrony in the work of primary and secondary budget holders, knowing and taking into account the peculiarities of each school. The main attention will be focused on the technology on which the funds from the state budget are distributed, which is also the subject of the present work. The research aims on financing of pre-school and school education with the state budget funds. The manuscript presents, analyses and evaluates the technology of distribution of funds from the state budget to the municipalities, respectively the school budgets, through a practical example. When writing the paper, the methods of comparative analysis and synthesis were mostly used.
More...
A central aspect of the economic and political life in Bulgaria before the EU accession is the development of an active and competitive private sector. Small and medium-sized business contributes to accelerating economic development, employment, improving the competitive environment, promoting private initiative, etc. A considerable part of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in Bulgaria do not meet requirements concerning competitiveness on European markets. Possibilities to launch new techniques and technologies, access to foreign financing, export orientation, state stimuli, etc. play a major role for removing above shortcomings. The object of the study is the small and medium-sized enterprises in Bulgaria (excluding agricultural). The subject of the study is SME external financing in Bulgaria, incl. through instruments for financial support from EU pre-accession funds as an additional source of capital. Conclusions are made about possibilities for efficient financing of enterprises through EU pre-accession funds and improving the absorption of funds.
More...
INFORMATION: Financing the new economic growth in Europe
More...
Presented paper is intended to study dynamics of local investments in Bulgaria, by means of comparative analysis within the European Union. For this purpose the following indices have been used: local investments per capita (euro), local investments relative share respectively into the general domestic product, total public sector investments, and total municipal expenditures. The conclusion is that in spite of the positive dynamics during the last years, Bulgaria has preserved one of the most centralized models of public investments within the European Union. Relatively low share of local into consolidated public investment activity is a result of comparatively low degree of financial decentralization in the country. Important positive tendency is the increase of the local investments, financed through the revenue sources under local control. This is a precondition for enhancing local financial autonomy and improving the efficiency of municipal financial management.
More...
This paper focuses on the specifics of managing and distributing school finances in the educational system. It discusses the processes of transferring powers from the central to the local government and the school respectively, as well as the binding of its funding to the number of students, the uniform cost standards, the allocation of funds at the municipal and school levels. The purpose of the paper is to present the current way of financing through delegated budgets and to outline the new model for the allocation of funds.
More...
The typology of "church-state" relationships is expressed in two basic approaches to religious activities: at the first, a given church / confession, religion is legally proclaimed by the state as sole or domineering, and the religion concerned is recognized as official. In this case, the official church is a monopolist in the religious services market; with the second approach, the state admits multi-contingency, ie. diversity of religions in society without official support of any of them, which can be perceived not as perfect competition but as monopolistic competition. This largely reflects on the ways in which the activities of religious institutions are financed through the so-called church tax (European practice) or the granting of tax incentives / reliefs (US practice), which is analyzed in this report.
More...
This article analyzes the money spent by the Bulgarian parties during the election campaigns and the institutional advertising in the media during the period 2003 – 2018. The purpose of the study is to examine public funding of state institutions, and the task is to track the cost of the so- „Institutional advertising“ and the different funds invested in various electronic and printed media. Thus, the fundamental problem of the public funding of Bulgarian political parties is based on the understanding of the essence of political advertising. Specific results are given in the funding of the parties and the media in Bulgaria, which is supported by empirical material. The relevant conclusions drawn from the factual data, as well as some recommendations for improvement of party financing in the country, were also made. The limitations of the study range over a 15-year period (2003 – 2018). The value of the development is characterized by the fact that this problem is one of the first to be analyzed in Bulgarian political science.
More...
The article discusses the health system as a means of achieving social security. Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of best popular systems of health care. Discussing the relationship between the health system, health status and some important social and demographic characteristics.
More...
The study coincides with the attention to the EU budget as specificity of a public finance. In modern conditions the budget of each state, as an institution of public finances, attracts the attention of the general public. Height of the budget is limited and depends primarily on the financial resources of each State, or the level of GDP to be achieved. The scope of the budget should be based on real needs. The author considers the process of making a budget, usually in the form of law. This is primarily because the budget is an institution that realizes the funding of public functions. The budget contributes to the normal functioning of the modern state in condition of financial crisis. On the other side, the budget as an institution of public finances is also present in the most important international economic organizations, the EU. That was the main motive and goal of this paper to examine its specificity in relation to other countries that operate independently. On the basis of these attitudes can be concluded that the budget itself and all that accompanies it is very dynamic, variable and very important phenomenon. The European Union with its 28 members and almost 500 million people has a great responsibility to every budget and VFO reconcile the different interests of the member states, on the other hand that every citizen of the Union has benefited from the adopted budget.
More...
The aim of this work is to conduct an analysis that concerns the financing of the public health in the Republic of Macedonia. The Public Health Service of Republic of Macedonia is a system based on health insurance. The obligatory health insurance and the governance of the resources are realized by the Health Insurance Fund. The health insurance is universal and the health protection is all-embracing. The obligatory health insurance fulfills 95 % from the total public finances for health protection and additional rights and activities included in the health insurance. The other 5% are realized by additional financial resources: participation, cash payment and voluntary health insurance. In 2005 the number of insured employees with obligatory health insurance was 1.898.334 persons, which shows an increase of 11.638 persons compared to 2004. The planned income of the Fund in 2005 is 15.703.079,00 denars, while the realization of the planned income in the same year is 15.249.563,00 denars, with index of realization 97,11. The planned outcome of the Fund in 2005 is 15.703.079,00 denars, and their realization is 15.205.641,00 denars, with index of realization 96,83. At the end of 2005, the total payment obligations of the Health Insurance Fund were 2.331.130.643,00 denars. At the end of 2004 the total payment obligations of the Fund were 2.141.200.794,00 denars, that shows an increase of 13,92% in 2005. From the analysis we can see that despite the increase of the number of insured employees, the payment obligation of the Health Insurance Fund marks an increase due to nonrealized payment obligations towards the Fund in 2005.
More...
The SME sector in Serbia is extremely important for the economy of Serbia as it makes a large part of the non-financial sector, employs the most people in Serbia and participates largely in the GVA of Serbia. However, SME sector it is still insufficiently profitable and non-efficient. Bank loans are the dominant external way of financing SME sector in Serbia. The financial crisis, which has started in 2008, has affected the movement of interest rates, the availability of bank loans, bank loan security requests and the level of non-performing loans. First signs of the recovery of SME sector in Serbia have been seen in 2013.
More...
Efficient functioning of the capital market understands a quality, prompt, objective, and relevant informing and reporting. In terms of globalization, internationalization, high tecnology development, and international professional regulations the standardized financial reports provide high quality informations of the financial situation of business subjects, their performing, as well as the changes of their financial state. Modern systems of informing refer to financial reporting through presenting financial reports that should be prepared according to international accounting standards. Financial reports should satisfy the function of right allocation of capital. It should be rightfully said that financial reports is inevitable condition for development of modern business activities, efficient capital market, as well as for further improvement of development and growth of business subjects.
More...
The report presents some guidelines of the financial analysis of the special purpose vehicles securitizing real estate. The analyses of the net income, costs and financial results of the real estates, and also and the analysis of liquidity and financial autonomy are a prerequisite for optimizing the activity of these companies.
More...
Rules for the origination and termination of businesses have proved themselves during the millennial evolution. They are a guarantee for achieving the stakeholders’ goals of these groups, narrowing them down to maximize their net cash flows. Since economic rationality in the origination of business is clarified thoroughly in literature, what it is at its termination is more interesting. The report begins with a description of the main interested groups and the conflicts arising between them when business is in financial difficulty. After outlining the specific application of evaluative methods within the framework of termination decisions, possible scenarios for the actions of owners and creditors are presented. They are combined into two groups – the continuation and termination of business. Termination can be accomplished through liquidation or bankruptcy procedures. These procedures are set out schematically. Until their completion the enterprise owes corporate tax, the characteristics of which are determined at the end of the report.
More...
The control exercised by the bodies of the Health Insurance Fund is a part of the public finance system. It is a typical financial control which is specialised control over public funds and public assets. The health insurance control is the ex-ante, ex-post and unexpected type of control.
More...
The investigation shows the weaknesses in the acting in the moment legal organisation in the area of the accountancy of the financial leasing. The these for a richer content and bigger range of the concept Financial leasing in comparison with the acting treatment for a financially bound rent contract is shown. On this base are revealed the subjects of the leasing contract, the stages of carrying out the leasing operation and their accounting treatment.
More...