Keynesova Obecná teorie stále inspirativní (a provokující)
Keynes, John Maynard. Obecná teorie zaměstnanosti, úroku a peněz. Překlad Lenka Hušáková. 1. vydání. V Praze: Cicero, 2020. 344 stran. ISBN 978-80-270-7399-3.
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Keynes, John Maynard. Obecná teorie zaměstnanosti, úroku a peněz. Překlad Lenka Hušáková. 1. vydání. V Praze: Cicero, 2020. 344 stran. ISBN 978-80-270-7399-3.
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This paper examines the development and comparison of competition and concentration in the banking and insurance sector in the Czech Republic during the 2007–2019 period using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HH index). In the empirical section we calculate the degree of concentration and indexes separately for the banking and insurance markets, where the main variable in relation to banks is the balance sheet and this variable is the gross written premium in relation to insurance companies. Subsequently, we compare the two examined sectors including the analysis of their long-term equilibrium. The result of this research confirms the determined hypotheses, whereas the oligopolic structure of both markets, which falls over time and aims towards a competitive market but does not achieve this goal during the monitored period. Throughout examination, the insurance market demonstrates higher HH index values and therefore lower competitiveness compared to the banking market.
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The paper investigates whether the Financial Fair Play Regulations have contributed to a sustainable economic framework of club football while retaining equal opportunities for sport success. Mutual relations among economic strength of football clubs, their financial aggressiveness in investments into squads and league results after the implementation of the FFP rules are assessed. Using a dataset of the English Premier League clubs over 2011–2017, empirical data reveal that the league is economically sustainable in the long run. However, profitability improves by increasing broadcasting revenue, and clubs’ profits are driven by their ownership structure rather than FFP. Furthermore, we identify a statistically significant financial aggressiveness in spending on squads. A regulation aiming at securing sustainable economic development may, thus, curtail sport competitiveness of smaller clubs and boost dominance of teams that are economically strong around the time of regulation launch.
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The city is a form of social organization of people, caused by the necessity to meet their needs for various weals. One of the most important among them is the land and the permanently connected with her objects, i.e. real estate. The first step in the development and construction of real estate and the city as a whole is urban planning. In the context of the understands, that in a certain aspect the city is a system of real estate objects, the article presents the idea of the relationship between urban planning, real estate and city development.
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Micro-enterprises, which constitute the largest group of entities operating on local markets, are constantly facing many challenges, which include, among others, achieving and maintaining competitiveness and efficiency, using the opportunities offered by new technologies. What is more they need to operate in a constantly changing environment, especially nowadays during the new pandemic reality. The functioning of microenvironments depends to a large extent on belonging to the European Union, as a very significant area of the economic strategy of the EU countries is the creation as assistance in the growth of entrepreneurship in individual national economies. The EU offers a number of different financial resources for people who want to set up or develop a business. The main purpose of this paper was to formulate recommendations on the use of EU structural and investment funds in the development of Podlasie micro-enterprises. The paper consists, apart from the introduction, of four meritorical parts and the conclusion. The method of studying the literature on the subject and other secondary sources as well as the survey method were used to achieve the goals and verify the hypotheses. The research was carried out on a sample of one hundred microentrepreneurs and was a pilot nature.
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This article refers to the issue of social policy conducted by the Polish government, namely the "Family 500+" program, which was established to financially support Polish families. The concept of the program is constantly changing due to the growing needs of the society. The main purpose of the article is to obtain feedback on how the inhabitants of the Lubelskie voivodeship receiving the "Family 500+" benefit perceive this program. The publication presents theoretical considerations as well as empirical research on the "Family 500+" program in the opinion of households that receive the benefit and live in the Lubelskie voivodeship.
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The employee functioning in the work environment is exposed to various forms of violence. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the phenomenon of mobbing, which, due to a rather vague statutory definition and still low social awareness, is on the one hand downplayed by both employers and employees, and on the other, on the contrary, abused by employees who are not actually its victims. Sweden, France and Belgium were the first countries to attempt to legally regulate mobbing. Compared to other European countries, mobbing in Poland is a relatively new institution of labor law, in force only from January 1, 2004. The general purpose of the manuscript is to analyze the legal solutions in the field of mobbing functioning in Polish labor law, as well as to present the latest changes that have occurred in the relevant regulations.
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The aim of the article is to determine the profitability of investments in wind energy, taking into account the price variants resulting from the support mechanisms. The implementation of subsidies and financial incentives for wind energy results from the obligations undertaken by Poland under the provisions of the European Union. The result of the analysis was to estimate the impact of changing the support system on the project profitability using the net present value (NPV) method. The article consists of three parts: the first specifies the principles of operation of the auction support system, the second specifies the financial parameters used to conduct the analysis, then the profitability of the investment was estimated based on the NPV value.
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Improving administration, by including the social expectations in the area of public services, requires significant commitment of employees. Characteristic for administration employees call of duty should be supported by the management operations. Application of effective motivation relies on the establishments and appropriate motivational tools, practised in organization, that should be the respond to the necessities of the employees at any age. Issues of the intergenerational conditioning in polish public administration are mostly not included in analyses. The purpose of this study is indicating the significance of the age affiliation in the process of motivating the administration staff and the influence of this affiliation at the perception of the career path, based on the proceeded research.
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Today's generational diversity in the labor market is significantly complicated. Currently, enterprises meet representatives of four generations representing different ways of thinking and behaving as a result of maturing in different social and economic conditions. The main purpose of the article was to identify the premises and assess their impact on decisions about choosing a workplace by employees of the X, Y, Z generation. The study was conducted in the first half of 2020 among 97 respondents. The tool used during data collection was a questionnaire. The CAPI and CAWI methods were used. The obtained results were coded and then using the Statistica 13.1 program. they were analyzed. To verify the H1 - H4 hypotheses, the arithmetic mean (X), median (Me), mode (D) and the coefficient of variation (V) were used. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for H5 verification. According to the respondents, the most important reasons for choosing a workplace include, above all, flexibility of working time, the image of a reliable employer, family-friendly, the employer's organizational culture based on openness to both people and ideas, the attitude and behavior of potential colleagues, satisfactory remuneration and benefits, access to training, the possibility of creating your own career path, and in the case of the Z generation, the possibility of promotion and acquiring knowledge from employees. The conducted analyzes show that only in the assessment of the possibility of reconciling work and study there are statistically significant differences between the respondents from the X and Z generations. In all other cases, the differences in the ratings are statistically insignificant.
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Gone are the days when remote work was associated only with the work of computer specialists. Today, this is the way to work in many other areas, including human resources. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to analyze remote work and its impact on human resources activities. The goal will be achieved through the implementation of the following tasks: analysis of the theory and practice of telework, analysis of the impact of telework on human resources, presentation of key findings. The main conclusions are related to: change in the competencies of the specialists in human resources and need for change of the curricula and plans for their professional training.
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The 2020 pandemic has affected all areas of life, and education is undoubtedly one of them. In the first months of social distance, lecturers and learners faced the challenge of communicating virtually, in many situations asynchronously. Traditional teaching methods have been transformed into digitally oriented, which has put both sides beyond their comfort limits. The learning process was conducted entirely in an electronic environment, which had to be organized so that all learners had access to the materials provided. The aim of our article is to study the experience gained from e-learning in lockdown conditions at universities in Bulgaria and Latvia. On this basis, we outlined a practical e-learning framework. As part of our study, we surveyed computer science students to examine the challenges they face in the first months of lockdown.
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The aim of the paper is to explore the economic outcomes of the Spanish flu pandemic and to systemise the insights in such a way that they can be used for shedding light on the economic outcomes of COVID-19 pandemic. It was demonstrated that in the short run the impact of the Spanish flu was a significant one-off drop of the output due to the significant decrease in labour supply augmented by the decrease in aggregate demand. In the long run the Spanish flu decreased the level of available human capital in two ways: directly due to the excess mortality, and indirectly due to the intergenerational transfer of lower human capital and the health of mothers during pregnancy. The decrease in human capital generated adverse consequences on economic growth and these consequences increase with technological progress, which demands a higher level of human capital.
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The paper investigates the expected changes in the labour market in Bulgaria under the influence of population ageing in the next 20 years. We propose reasoning for the observation that population ageing is a stage of the demographic evolution. We identify the threats and opportunities in the labour market, as well as the requirements for productivity growth policies regarding this context and taking into account the expectations for digitalisation and automation in the future. Arguments are attached to the thesis that the strategic course to increase labour productivity in the economy is crucial, and the digitalisation and automation have a central role. Then we analyse some of the strategic documents in the context of the outlined requirements and we propose some recommendations for improvement.
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In today's economy, the trends and challenges that globalization, technological development and the demographic situation require changes in the nature of work, both at European and national level and give rise to talk about emerging or changing occupational risks. Modern thinking accepts people as the main resource and bearers of competitive advantage for enterprises, which is why ensuring and managing safety and health at work is extremely important.
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The article presents and analyzes flexible (Agile) methodologies, as one of the most modern practices for software development in the context of team management in Bulgarian IT companies. Main theoretical statements are made about the features of the concept of agile project management and the impact on teamwork. Results of an online study are presented about the applicability and success of the methodology in Bulgarian companies in the information technology sector.
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The last decade has been marked by significant technological advances, which have led to the emergence of new professions, changes in the way we work, skills shortages and the need for new approaches to people management. For its part, 2020 confronted the world with an entirely new reality - a situation that forced employers and employees to adapt in a very short time, the need for flexibility on both sides in the employment relationship proved necessary, and rethinking labor legislation - inevitable. In this context, the aim of the article is to review the new aspects of labor relations and to identify trends in the various elements of labor relations, following the pandemic of COVID-19 combined with technological change. Data from the National Statistical Institute, World Economic Forum and LinkedIn Economic Graph were analyzed.
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The opportunities that the digital age in which we live and work offers are immeasurable and change both our personal and professional lives. The Internet allows to develop different social and career relationships, to build a different relationship between employer and future employee. Candidates' online sources are gaining in popularity and replacing the classic ones. This contributes to changes in the labor market, changing its dynamism, flexibility and scale. The purpose of this study is to review and analyze some online sources of candidates including job sites, social media and virtual/online career days, to outline their features, advantages and disadvantages.
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Tourism and travelling are among the most affected sectors of national economies worldwide due to the pandemic caused by a disease called COVID-19. Nowadays, we still cannot accurately predict the effects of this negative impact. Although the pandemic arrived relatively unexpectedly, it was still likely to be expected to occur. Perhaps that is why, in this scheme, Nassim Nicholas Taleb described it as a ‘white swan’, something that will almost inevitably occur in the future. Anyone who describes a pandemic as a ‘black swan’ may not have understood the topic well and is trying to clarify the related issues based on insufficient information resources. This study deals with the changes that the new situation has brought to the environment of regional marketing and marketing communication, especially in tourism. The work evaluates the mathematical analysis of data obtained from entities operating in marketing communication in regional marketing and tourism. Based on predetermined hypotheses, this research includes the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of subjects’ responses, providing a comprehensive explanation of the various impacts of the pandemic on the activities of entities whose main activity is to intersect with marketing. It seems interesting that not all changes are negative.
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The article revises the intellectual property rights within the university, from the perspective of facilitating and commercializing faculty creativity. The objective of the article is to critically asses the state of the US and Lithuanian policies for the intellectual property rights within the university, and producing of proposals for the adjustment of the technology transfer model and increasing the efficiency thereof. Particular focus is given for the so called university technology transfer office practices by providing a glimpse at their practical effects. The experience of the Arizona State University is assessed and compared to the recent Lithuanian initiatives on the matter. The authors conclude that the technology transfer office model is may have unexpected secondary benefits for the universities, however may need to be adjusted in order to address inefficiencies thereof, which are prohibitive for small universities and countries.
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