”Perlindja E Shqipëniës” dhe shqipja zyrtare

Author(s): Bendis Pustina / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 45/2015

The Albanian language was considered from renaissants (the Albanian Renaissance representatives), as one of the main components of Albanian nationality. Among all the objectives formulated by them in regards of the development of Albanian language, only one could not be accomplished until 1912, designation of this language as an official language of the Albanian state and administration. The Albanian language became state language only with the Declaration of Independence of Albania. The first official newspaper of the Albanian state was "Perlindja e Shqipëniës" (August 1913 to 28 March 1914), published by the Government of Vlora. In the absence of archival documents in Albanian, the official language of that administration may only be assessed by analyzing the articles published in this newspaper. Various documents, from the proclamations and memorandums of the Government of Vlora, notes and telegrams to Great Powers and foreign governments, up to notices of vacancies for employees in public administration or invitation for tenders for the implementation of the first investments are found in its pages. This paper aims to present the early stage of development of the formal, administrative and political style of the Albanian language, considering and examining through an historical and chronological approach, the collection of such newspaper, reprinted thanks to collaboration between the National Library of Albania and the National Library of Kosovo.

„...garázda emberek az Etymologusok“ (Etymologové násilníci)

Author(s): Richard Pražák / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1-2/2010

The review of: Róbert Kiss Szemán: „...garázda emberek az Etymologusok“ (Etymologové násilníci). Irodalmi tanulmányok (Literární studie). Cathedra philologiae slavicae. Budapest 2008, 171 s. ISBN 978-963-463-995-4.

„[…] mała apologia pro domo sua […]”. O Domu na Rozdrożu Ewy Bieńkowskiej

Author(s): Aleksandra Grzemska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2013

The article is about Dom na Rozdrożu by Ewa Bieńkowska and concerns problems with contemporary female autobiography written ‘inside family.’ The author of the article interprets this flashback narration, which is actually autobiographical essay, by posing questions about such issues as: family relations – especially cultural and social discourses of female family connections – also individualism, subjectivity, emancipation and experiences of performing family members as well as in private space.

„Deutsch light“ – Quo vadis Hochdeutsch?

Author(s): Rudolf Windisch / Language(s): German / Issue: 2 (28)/2018

Since 2002, the law of equality act of disabled persons has been in effect to facilitate the barrier-free access to all regulation laws of public authorities (Behindertengleich-stellungsgesetz). This is not only literally meant as technically unhindered access for wheelchairs to public buildings, but also as inclusion of illiterate, mentally retarded people and social outsider in the public life. The task is now to translate ‘heavy German’ into ‘light language’, eg. by renouncing the genitive of nouns, the subjunctive as a mode, accurate numbers, just an example: not Bismarck was appointed as Chancellor in 1871, but „vor langer Zeit“ – a long time ago. The grammatical rules of this light German are exemplified in the new DUDEN-Leichte Sprache (Berlin, 2016). Our question: to what extent can immigrants, refugees or foreigners gain their language competence with the help of this light German? Is teaching by DaF-Programs (‘German as a foreign language’) and using the DUDEN-Grammar now overtaken? Finally, one has to take into account that the social integration of these persons also includes language contact with the locals. The basic value estimation for an elaborate Hochdeutsch/ ‘high-German’, especially in everyday life, should not be neglected.

„Jam duch jest, który ciągle przeczy” — żywioł negacji jako zasada świata w Dzieciach szatana Stanisława Przybyszewskiego

Author(s): Dorota Samborska-Kukuc / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

„Maria Magdalena powiedziała do niego po hebrajsku: «rabbuni»” (J 20,16). „Rabbuni” i inne aramejskie określenia odnoszące się do Boga/Chrystusa w greckim tekście Nowego Testamentu

Author(s): Piotr Ostanski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2018

Everyone who studies the New Testament Bible must take into account its Aramaic background that results from several factors: – the Aramaic language was very popular in Roman Palestine during the first century A.D.; – the Aramaic was Jesus’ mother tongue; – Jesus’ teaching was being recorded in Aramaic and then it circulated among the people; – the oldest Church consisted of Aramaic speaking communities.

„Na tropach przeszłości języka” – czy gramatyka historyczna może być interesująca dla podejmujących studia polonistyczne?

Author(s): Ewa Oronowicz-Kida,Agnieszka Myszka / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Ewa Oronowicz-Kida and Agnieszka Myszka try to answer a question whether knowledge about the history of language may be interesting for former grammar school pupils. The authors analyse the position of historical and language issues in the national curriculum at all levels of school education and use a questionnaire to check knowledge of former secondary school pupils in this respect. An analysis of questionnaires leads us to conclusion that recent secondary school graduates know selected issues from the history of language, but they lack any knowledge about historical grammar. However, young people see in contemporary Polish language certain phenomena resulting from development of language that they would like to have explained. The authors are of the opinion that, at the level of university education, you cannot resign from relaying at least basic knowledge about mechanisms of language development, however, it should be done in close connection with an analysis of literature and culture.

„Niosło ją to, że stała u boku”. O genderowym modelowaniu biografii artystek

Author(s): Inga Iwasiów / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

The title refers to Mark Beylin’s assessment of the position Niki Saint Phalle took in Paris sixties feminist practices the “art of anger”. The author discusses the biographical book Żony w cieniu mistrzów literatury rosyjskiej by Alexandra Popoff, Ferwor. Życie Aliny Szapocznikow by Marek Beylin and Kobro. Skok w przestrzeń by Margaret Czyński.

„Думи“ и „слово“ в латинската християнска литература на IV–V в

Author(s): Rosen Milanov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2018

The greatest and most important works of Latin Christian literature date back to IV–V cc. These works are a result of the specific Christian conception of man and the world. In the present paper I explore the attitude of the Christian writers towards the world and its words, towards the verbal communication and the ancient non-Christian literature. The genres and kinds of the Christian literature, as well as its subjects, are also considered. Тhe highest, eternal meaning of the Christian sermon is explained.

ЯЗЫКОВЫЕ СРЕДСТВА РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ТЕКСТОВЫХ КАТЕГОРИЙ В РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ДОКУМЕНТАХ XVIII В.

Author(s): Elena Mihaylovna Sheptukhina,Irina Sergeyevna Gerasimova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2014

The article describes the constitutive text categories of informativity, intentionality, cohesion and coherence, implemented in the documents of the Village Office of Michael’s Ataman of the Don Army Region (1734–1746). Two types of information content are identified: the text one, expressed by lexical means, and the document one, which explicates the details. Author’s intentions and the lexical and grammatical means of their expression are defined. It is shown that the characteristics of the sender of document texts are due to its properties such as polysubjectivity and polyglottism. The authors argue that the interrelated categories of cohesion and coherence are implemented by lexical repetitions, the use of synonyms, demonstrative pronouns and subordinating conjunctions, as well as by the replacement of the thematic element of the preceding text by personal or relative pronouns.