Слово за звездата Ирани: история на текста и критическо издание

Author(s): Iva Trifonova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 18/2019

The object of the article is a late legend – The Story of the Irani Star – which might have originated among the Eastern Orthodox Slavs in the 15th c. The plot revolves around the Star of Bethlehem, the birth of Jesus, and the pilgrimage of the Magi (cf. Matthew 2: 1–12). The article discusses the narrative, its structure and the history of the text, with a focus on the edition and reconstruction of the text. The Story is published according to the copy found in Miscellany No 143 (504), 258v–265r, dated to the 16th c., which is part of the manuscript collection of the Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery. Today, the manuscript is kept in the Russian State Library (Moscow, Russia). The edition is prepared in comparison with four copies of the legend dated to 15th and 16th c.

Словообразовательные особенности языка Казанского Евангелия XIV века: субстантивная деривация

Author(s): Nataliya Gennadyevna Nikolaeva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2018

The nominal word formation in the text of the Kazan Gospel of the 14th century relating to the lectionaries of the Mstislav type has been analyzed. The study aims to clarify the available data on this issue, to add to the description of the lexical and semantic features of the manuscript, and to identify it’s the specificity of word-formation patterns. The research is focused on the forms of nominal word formation as the main text-forming units. The analysis has been performed using a combination of synchronic description of the intra-lexical content and comparison with other texts of a similar genre and stylistic affiliation and chronology. As a result of the study, the representativeness of word-formative types of the noun has been established. The conclusions have been made about the genre and stylistic features of the text on the basis of the word-formative pattern representing it, in general, as well as the specifics in the sphere of word formation of this particular manuscript. The major findings can be summarized as follows: firstly, the derivational field of the manuscript determines the genre and stylistic nature of the Old Slavic gospel text; secondly, it underwent the common for that period Russification, resulting in the quantitative representation of the derivational types and their phonomorphemical implementation; thirdly, the word-formative paradigm contributes to the restriction of word-formative meanings and fixing them for a certain word-formative type, which is important for the semantic relations in the language as a whole. The functioning of the forms of nominal word-formation in the text proves the primacy of its content over the formal side.

СЛОВООБРАЗУВАНЕ НА ДЕСУБСТАНТИВНИТЕ НАЗВАНИЯ ВЪВ ВРАЧАНСКОТО ЕВАНГЕЛИЕ ОТ XIII – XIV ВEK (МОДИФИКАЦИОННИ ФОРМАЦИИ)

Author(s): Milena Nakova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

The main aim of this paper is to elicit the word-formative characteristics of desub-stantivized names in the text of the Vratsa Gospels from the XIII–XIV c. In the focus of the study are the modificational categories. The formations are analyzed and classified, overviewing suffixes to show the variety of word-formatives used in the Middle Bulgarian period of the development of the Bulgarian language.

СЛОВООБРАЗУВАНЕ НА НАРОДНОСТНИТЕ И ЖИТЕЛСКИТЕ ИМЕНА В МАНАСИЕВАТА ХРОНИКА (ВАТИКАНСКИ ПРЕПИС) ОТ ХІV ВЕК

Author(s): Lachezar Perchekliyski / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 0

The article is focused on the word-formation of ethnonyms and names of inhabitants in the Constantine Manasses Chronicle from 14th century (Cod. Vaticanus, slav. II). From methodologi-cal aspect the analysis in the work is based on the theoretical postulates of the Czech linguist M. Dokulil (1962). They were applied for the first time in Bulgaria by Ivan Kochev when working with dialectal material in 1971. The conclusions of the word-formation analysis refers to the place and the volume of each of word-formation types and to the competition between the suffixes.

СЛОЖНИ СЪЩЕСТВИТЕЛНИ ИМЕНА ЗА ЛИЦА СЪС СУФИКС -ьць В ДРЕВНОРУСКИ МИНЕЙНИ ПРЕПИСИ

Author(s): Tsenka Doseva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 13/2013

The article studies the compound nouns with the meaning of „person” found in the early Old Russian Menaia of the XIth-XIIth c. A special attention has been paid to the compound substantives not attested in the classical Old Bulgarian Manuscipts. The examined material shows the rare lexemes and lexemes, wich are used only once in hymnographic texts.

СЛОЖНИТЕ СЪЩЕСТВИТЕЛНИ В СТАРОБЪЛГАРСКИЯ ПРЕВОД НА ОГЛАСИТЕЛНИТЕ СЛОВА НА СВЕТИ КИРИЛ ЕРУСАЛИМСКИ (ГИМ, СИН. 478)

Author(s): Gergana Georgieva,Nikolay Nikolov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 14/2014

The article analyzes 125 composite nouns, extracted from the Old Bulgarian translation of St. Cyril of Jerusalem’s Catechism of - 6 lexemes are for the concrete nouns (бракоодѣниѥ, виноградъ, врътоградъ, гланотѧжь, овощехранильница, трикровьникъ), 46 are designations of persons and 73 abstract concepts. There are primary ontological (бытиѥ, законъ, творениѥ, cf. пакыбытиѥ, законопрѣстѹпаниѥ, самотворениѥ), epistemic (мѫдрость, родъ, cf. цѣломѹдриѥ, прьвородиѥ) and ethical (благо, доброта, милость, мѣра, разѹмъ, cf. composite nouns with the first component благо- and добро-, милосрьдиѥ, лицемѣрьѥ, благоразѹмиѥ) terms detect in the structure of abstract noun composites. Complex nouns that are not fixed in the classic Old manuscripts are 78, for example благодэтельство, благодѣтиѥ, дльготрьпиѥ, добровольство, добровоньство, звѣздоберьць, звѣздословьць, земледѣля, зълобѳстриѥ. The compositum сѳноотьчьѥ is used in its negative theological meaning, rejecting the idea of Savelii’s heresy for monohypostasis of God’s personality. Particular composite bases of complex nouns are registered in Old Bulgarian canon as synonymous composite bases благочьст- and доброчьст- are fixed only in Codex Suprasliensis and Hylendar parchment sheets (a fragment of the Old Bulgarian translation of the catechism), and the synonymous derivatives добровоньство and добровониѥ, многобожиѥ and мъногобожьство are used in the Syn. 478 and Codex Suprasliensis. The main part of the composite nouns from Syn. 478 translate Greek composites, following the so-called word-by-word (and morpheme-by-morpheme within the lexeme) principle of translation. Examples are registered, in which old Bulgarian complex nouns translate Greek combination of words, for example бракоодѣниѥ wedding garment for Greek γάμου ἔνδυμα, тьштельсть blasphemy, vilification for Greek κενης ἀπάτης. On the other hand, compared with the Old Bulgarian canon a Greek complex lexemes is not translate with a combination of words and a complex noun, eg.: Greek ὀπωροφυλάκιον in the Sinai Psalter овощьноѥ хранилище, while Syn. 478 овощехранильница; Greek τεκνογονία in Codex Suprasliensis прижитиѥ чѧдъ while in Syn. 478 дѣтиродиѥ. In regard to the structure of compound words in the Syn. 478 both types are fixed: with a connective vowel -o/e- (eg. подобоврѣдиѥ, равьнодьниѥ, тъштельсть) and without a connecting vowel (братѹчадъ, дѣтиродиѥ, зълъштѫдь, лъжиисъвѣдѣтель, пакѳбѳтиѥ, полѹдьнь, тридьновие, трикровьникъ). In connection with the varying degree of repetition of the first component the so-called Composite group is registered, as the ones with a basis благо- are the most frequent (18 lexemes). Among the analyzed first components of complex nouns in Syn. 478 the bases басно-, брако-, главо-, дѣти-, зълъ-, зѣло-, кръваво-, овоште-, пророко-, пѹстыне-, равьно-, свѣто-, свѧто-, сладо-, срамо-, срѣдо-, тризно- and чьсто- are not fixed at all in composite lexemes in the classic Old Bulgarian manuscripts. The complex words with first component басно-, добро-, кръваво-, подобо- and само- are characteristic of practice Preslav writers’ because composites with those first components are found in Codex Suprasliensis, Izbornik of 1073, John Exarch’s Theology, Antiochus’ Pandects and Nikons’ Pandects. Syntactic-semantic relations between the foundations of the composite nouns in Syn. 478 are most often based on subordinating conjunction – attribute, object or adverbial relation between the components. In this respect the mutational and transpositional word-formation categories and types composite are differentiated in the studied manuscript. The observations allow us to conclude that the lexical layer of composite nouns in the Old Bulgarian translation of the Catechism reflects the norm characteristic of the Preslav scholars – in the use of lexemes (and their components) as dictionary units, as well as in the construction of composite bases according to established word-formation patterns in the Old Bulgarian language.

Современная английская гитарная музыка: диалог времен

Author(s): Tymur Ivannikov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 29/2016

English guitar music of the second half of the twentieth century in the aspect of artistic dialogue with the tradition of old English music is studied. The effect of the outstanding British classical guitarists on the process of updating the contemporary repertoire is traced. The role of Julian Bream in attracting professional English composers to write works for guitar is studied. Analytical research is aimed on creativity of Benjamin Britten, John Duarte, Malcolm Arnold, Stephen Dodgson and others. The emphasis placed on artistic aspiration of composers to engage in dialogue with the cultural heritage of old English music. The elements of the genre and linguistic inheritance of the lute works of XVI-XVII centuries in modern concerts, fantasies, partitas and suites is identified. List of the mentioned works shows that the concerts, fantasies, partitas, ballads, folk dances and suite cycles as traditional genres of English instrumental music of XVI – XVII centuries occupy a significant place in the new repertoire. Many of them are imbued with echoes, allusions, typical turnover and quotations from the works of lute masters of Elizabeth’s epoch. The accurate harmonic and tempo-rhythmical models of ancient dances for sections of individual parts or even entire pieces or cycles in some opuses are recreated. In other works cultural dialogue is conducted through mixing and comparison of different eras, linguistic and stylistic features of the musical fabric. Finally, the necessary associative array for listeners often is built by borrowing names of genres and individual intonations of old national traditional melodies, as well as using the dedications.

Современная русская и славянская фразеология (синхрония и диахрония)

Author(s): Walerij M. Mokijenko / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 124/2008

The article deals with the general problems of contemporary Russian and Slavic phraseology. Such problems as the evolution of definitions of the central terms of this linguistical discipline (phraseologism, phraseological unit, idiom), its boundaries, the national specifics, cognitiv potencial and typological universality, the translatibility, the variability of the phraseology are especially regarded. The relations between idioms and proverbs, collocations and so called winged words are also interpreted. Diachronically the author proposes systematical methods of the comparative, historical and etymological analyses of Russian and Slavic phraseology and gives concrete examples of such an analyses.

СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИЧНИ ФАКТОРИ ЗА ЕДИН ЧАСТЕН СЛУЧАЙ НА БЪЛГАРСКО-РУМЪНСКА ИНТЕРФЕРЕНЦИЯ В ГОВОРА НА НОВО СЕЛО, ВИДИНСКО

Author(s): Hristina Deykova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2017

The paper clarifies sociolinguistic factors in a particular case of grammatical interference between Bulgarian and Romanian in the dialect of the village of Novo Selo, Vidin district, concerning the biaspectual functioning of the Romanian verb borrowings adapted with formants -ùшъ(м), -łшъ(м) and -àшъ(м) in the Bulgarian dialect. The so-called Blueprint principle in the contact etymology is applied, which aims at identifying the type of contact situation and reconstructing it according to modern language contact studies.

Специфіка адаптації запозичениx правничиx понять права у давньукраїнській мові

Author(s): Roman Iwanskij / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: VIII/2003

W artykule na podstawie Słownika języka ukraińskiego XVI i pier­wszej połowy XVII st. (Lwów 1994-1998) zostały rozpatrzone dwie podstawowe grupy zapożyczonych pojęć prawniczych w języku staroukraińskim: 1) wyrazy przejęte z innego systemu językowego bez doniosłych zmian; 2) wyrazy, które zaznały różnych zmian grama­ tycznych. Osobną grupę stanowią wyrazy o charakterze kontamina- cyjnym (głównie terminy złożone). Adaptacja obcych pojęć prawniczych reguluje się potrzebami wewnętrznymi i umowami historycznymi funkcjonowania języka ukraińskiego. W sumie ustosunkowanie internacjonalnych i nacjonalnych elementów w systemach terminologicznych ustala się w proporcjach celowych tylko pod warunkiem rozwiązania problemu składnika nacjonalnego.

Сполучуваність слів в українській мові XVI–XVII ст.

Author(s): Didik Didik-Meush / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2017

The aim of this paper is to present the compatibility of words in the Ukrainian language of 16th and 17th centuries based on the attributive-substantival complexes and the lexicographical attempt to describe these lexical units.

Спор о древненовгородском диалекте в контексте варяго-русской дискуссии

Author(s): Aleksey A. Romanchuk / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2014

The dispute on the «West-Slavic» origin of the Ancient Novgorod dialect is one of the key questions in the context of Varangian-Rousi discussion. Majority of researchers do not agree with this hypothesis. However, the new synthesis of archaeological, linguistic and anthropological data proves that the dialect of ancient Novgorod appeared as a result of migrations from western part of Slavia in the late pre-Slavic time (and even earlier, in the processes of Slavia formation). The key role was played here by the previous appearance of an “arch of relationships”: Middle and Upper Danube — the Amber Way — the South Baltic System of Priority Cultural Relations — forest zone of Eastern Europe.

Спор о древнерусском письме (форум)

Author(s): Evgenij Alexandrovitch Lyakhovitskiy,Vasya Velinova,Aleksandr Ivanovich Grusha,Barbara Lomagistro,Lyudmila Vladimirovna Moshkova,Daniel Waugh / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1(25)/2019

The article discusses the hypothesis of the St. Petersburg historian Yevgeny Lyakhovitsky, who questioned the traditional pattern of development of Old Russian writing (ustav – poluustav – skoropis’). He considers the poluustav artificial construct invented by scientists. The discussion participants talk about five questions: 1. What should be put into the concept of “type of letter”? 2) To what extent does the scheme: ustav – poluustav – skoropis’ adequately reflect the evolution of Old Russian writing? 3. Is the polarizationof the ustav and poluustav valid as the early (XI–XIV) and later (XV–XVII) book letters? 4. What factors influenced the changes in Old Russian writing? Was it the influence of other cultures, changes in the old Russian book culture or something else? Is it possible to make direct connections between the evolution of letters and historical factors (the theory of the «Golden Age» and «damage to the letter» in crisistimes?) 5. How does the development of Cyrillic writing correlate in Ancient Russia and the Yugoslav countries? Did the evolution of writing go the same or in different ways? The participants in the discussion cite various hypotheses in which general principles can be singled out: the traditional scheme for the development of Old Russian writing (ustav – poluustav – skoropis’) is a conditional construction, created by scholars. However, to abandon it is necessary to bring new empirical and theoretical studies. Determining the characteristics of the writing types, the concept of «damage to the letter» are often subjective. At the same time, the study of writingtypes is not a purely paleographic problem. A letter is an indicator of cultural, social, economic processes. When analyzing such evaluative categories as the “Golden Age”, it is hardly productive to involve the development of a letter in dependence on the ideas of cultural progress. The evolution of writing in the Russian and South Slavic book context proceeded in the same way, but under the influence of various factors, and in the end there were different results.

Српски превод „Евергетидског синаксара“ у два синајска рукописа

Author(s): Viktor Savic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 53/2016

When the Greek substrate of the Hilandar (and Studenica) typikon was discovered, scholars raised the issue whether the complete Greek text of the Evergetis Typikon had been translated into the Serbian language or not (1895). There were several attempts to prove that a complete version of the Evergetis Typikon had been used in the territory under the jurisdiction of the Serbian Church before the introduction of the Jerusalem Typikon (1318/1319). In the Description of the (Old) Manuscript Collection of the Sinai Monasteries, Đorđe Sp. Radojičić suggested that there must have been a Serbian Small Euchologion (trebnik, hagiasmatarion) with a synaxarion modelled in accordance with the typikon of the monastery of the Virgin Evergetis. Over the past several decades, attention has also been drawn to the presence of liturgical rules typical of the Evergetis Typikon in Serbian liturgical books (menaia and oktoechoi) from the late 13th and early 14th century, but no definitive answer has been given to the question whether the whole liturgical section of the Evergetis Typikon was translated at the time of Saint Sava (at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries) or it happened later. The character of the Evergetis synaxaria, which were on various occasions identified in two Sinaitic manuscripts though no mutual relationship between them was established, also remains unknown. This paper seeks to offer a partial answer to these questions, with the idea of encouraging new research that will provide as detailed picture as possible of liturgy in the Serbian Church in the 13th and 14th centuries.

Становлення теорії синтаксичного зв’язку в українському мовознавстві (ХVІІ – початок ХХ ст.)

Author(s): Natalia V. Kobchenko / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 53/2018

In Ukrainian linguistics, there are no historiographical papers offering an adequate description of the origin and development of the syntactic connection theory. Elsewhere, I have already proposed a periodization of the research on syntactic connections from the time of the appearance of first Slavic grammars until today, which distinguishes five historical stages. The purpose of this analysis is to characterize particularly the first three periods of the development of research on syntactic connections – from the 17th century until the 1930s. The first stage (17th–18th centuries) is the beginning of the syntactic connection theory. The syntactic chapters in the grammars of this period deal with studying the ability of some parts of speech to combine with other words. The second stage (19th century) is the period of approval of terminology and formation of the ground for deepening the syntactic connection theory. All scholars of the period defined two possible realizations of the syntactic connection – agreement and government. The third stage (the beginning of the 20th century until the 1930s) was the period in which the morphological criterion prevailed. The typical symptom of this observed in the period is consideration of syntactic connections between pairs of words in isolation from the rest of the sentence components. The crucial research perspective opened up by the study is to explain in detail the development of research on syntactic connections from the 1940s until today

Старобългарски те(к)стове

Author(s): Ivan Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2 (6)/2017

СТАРОСЛОВ’ЯНСЬКИЙ СЛІД В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ТА ІНШИХ СЛОВ’ЯНСЬКИХ ЛІТЕРАТУРНИХ МОВАХ

Author(s): Ljubomir Belei / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 1/2017

Old Church Slavonic was the first Slavic literary language and had special influence on the literary languages of all Slavic people; however, this influence on each of the new Slavic literary languages was rather specific, which can be observed in the time, duration, reasons and forms of such an influence. During a long period in Ukrainian history, especially during the time of the Soviet Union, the research into the role of the vocabulary of Old Church Slavonic origin was highly neglected by the scholars. On the contrary, our research shows the depth of the influence of the Old Church Slavonic language that is highly intertwined with Christianity. In the Ukrainian language, the hidden Old Church Slavonic traces can be found not only in the vocabulary related to the church and its customs, but also in the language connected with everyday life and science. Moreover, despite the long-lasting fight between Christianity and astrology, even here we can find many hidden examples of the vocabulary which is Old Church Slavonic in origin, which were mostly fixed in the first examples of Ukrainian editorials.

Стереотипы Литвы и сведения о ней в древнейших восточнославянских летописях

Author(s): Michael Moser / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3-4/2004

The article is devoted to the question in which way Lithuanians and Lithuanian phenomena are represented in the oldest East Slavic chronicles (Novgorodian I, Laurentian [Suzdal’] and Hypatian [Kievan, Galician, and Volhynian] codices) in the entries up to the end of the 13th century. The analysis shows that the Hypatian codex, in particular its Galician-Volhynian part, contains most substantial entries on Lithuanians and Lithuania, whereas the bulk of entries in the Novgorodian and in the Laurentian (Suzdal’) codices tend to be elementary and stereotypical. The epitheta used with regard to Lithuanians (“godless”, “damned”) are not to be viewed only in the context of Lithuanian heathenism. When the East Slavs had Lithuanians as allies in their war campaigns, no epitheta were used at all. Only Daumantas and Vaišalgas, who fought along with the East Slavs against the Lithuanians, are treated as “good Lithuanians”, whereas Mindaugas and Traidenas come off as personifications of all “Lithuanian evil”. Mindaugas is the Lithuanian grand duke (king), who remains in the focus of the chronicles, in particular the Galician-Volhynian codex. He is also the first Lithuanian who appears in the chronicles as an acting person whose motives and goals are interpreted consecutively in the chronicles. His baptism in the Latin rite is described as a fraud. The appendix contains a synopsis of all entries on Lithuanian matters mentioned in the three oldest East Slavic chronicles.

Стратегии номинации и «языковая политика»: названия жителей городов

Author(s): Mariya Vyacheslavovna Akhmetova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2016

The article studies two cases illustrating the attempts to regulate the use of names of town-dwellers in the late 20th — the early 21st centuries. Both cases are about the introduction of the least popular variants in two towns (“tveritiane” in Tver and “tambovtsy” in Tambov. Tver’s experience was more successful since it was initiated by local linguists; the name, proposed by them, is widely used in almost a half of the local media (though other variants are more popular in the local usage). In Tambov, the editor of the local newspaper published a program editorial, and the first mayor sanctioned the establishment of a billboard with a slogan “Tambovtsy, love your town” in the town center. But this name wasn’t so popular in the local newspapers, and it’s become marginal by now.

Структура прагматического макрокомпонента значения (на материале группы слов, обозначающих национальность)

Author(s): Marina Aleksandrovna Lappo / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 6/2016

The research under scrutiny develops the ideas of integral theory of lexical meaning and a number of studies on the structure of the pragmatic macrocomponent (Yu. D. Apresyan, G. N. Sklyarevskaya, V. N. Telia, E. Yu. Bulygina, T. A. Tripolskaya). In order to identify the structure of the pragmatic macrocomponent of ethnonyms a complex of methods was used: comparison of lexicographical dictionaries’ strategies of different periods and study of the Russian National Corpus. The investigation involves "Dictionary of Russian language" edited by D. N. Ushakov (19351940), "Dictionary of Modern Russian literary language", edited by V. I. Chernysheva (19481965), "Dictionary of the Russian Language" edited by A. P. Evgeneva (19811984), dictionaries and encyclopedias of different periods of time and about 2,000 con-texts from the Corpus.The purpose of this article is to describe the structure of the pragmatic component of eth-nonyms, the ways of fixing this semantics in dictionaries and realization in the modern Russian discourse. It is established, firstly, that academic Russian dictionaries present ethnonyms as neutral lexemes in the interpretation area, and in some cases in the illustration area a pragmat-ic context is applied. Ideological microcomponent is often revealed while comparing dictionaries of different time periods. Secondly, the structure of the pragmatic macrocomponent of nomi-nations on the national basis includes estimating microcomponents and ideological values. In its turn, the ideological microcomponent includes such components as closeness, farness, alienness, hostility, and evaluation microcomponent includes such components as developed / undeveloped nation, which determines its position in the scale of prestige, usefulness and / or ac-cepting – a kind of ranking of nations. The level of development is supported by a set of particular judgments (ethical and rational), representing national stereotypes.