Изследванията на българския език върху Партений Павлович и неговата "Автобиография". Първа част

Author(s): Severina Plachkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2014

The aim of the current article is to present the contributions of the Bulgarian researchers to the acknowledgment of the Partenii Pavlovich’s “Autobiography”. The review of the scientific research starts with the work of J. Ivanov. He is the first to discover the meaning of Partenii’s personality in terms of the spiritual and historical development of the southern Slavonic people. The author comments the contribution of P. Dinekov for including Partenii in the list of the Bulgarian writes of the 19th century. Studies of many other researchers are also reviewed, including the study of P. Boyadzhiev. This author created the only existing holistic research of the life and deeds of P. Pavlovich. Also, his work gives the direction of the future interpretations of the Partenii’s character – a person, who suffers and at the same time is a man of action.

Българските езиковеди и проваписната реформа от 1945 година

Author(s): Vanya Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2014

This article aims to acquaint the readers with the views of some of the most prominent Bulgarian linguists regarding our spelling reform in 1945. Bulgarian press leads very interesting debates, disputes and discussions about the necessary and not so necessary changes in Bulgarian spelling. Some of the articles are published as a answer against other articles and opinions. The preparing of the reform began many years before its completion and before the government of the Fatherland Front came to power. The reform was made in six months, but its implementation continued more than 20 years.

Войната в българската детско-юношеска поезия (1912-1918)

Author(s): Ognyana Georgieva-Teneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

The object of the article is the warrior imagery in the Bulgarian Juvenile poetry from the period 1912–1918. Lyrical modeling of the wars have been also characterized. Important correlations between the concepts of culture and war have been studied. The mechanisms for converting the batalistiks into the “child” issues have been revealed. The thesis of humanistic aspect of the considered verse corps have been derived.

Итерпретация или интерполация ? Към историко-филологическото изследване на Сказанието от Константин Костенечки

Author(s): Kiril Kabakchiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2013

In this article several points from Constantine Kostenechki’s Treatise are analyzed, which refer to Euthymius’s reform, liturgical books, the Septuagint and the tradition about abba Kyriakos. It transpires that the pieces of evidence from Constantine Kostenechki’s Treatise differ greatly from the author’s view. He relies on the traditional interpretation of the given details and not on the information given by the mediaeval scholar. Thus, “established” facts from the Treatise are interpolated without taking into consideration data presented from the Treatise which does not mention any reform taking place; liturgical books are not taken into account as revised by Euthymius of Tarnovo but the Pentateuch; at the time of Ptolemy II Philadelphus not the whole of the Old Testament was translated but only the books written by Moses.

Етнология и медиевистика. Топоси. Имена. Светци

Author(s): Ancho Kaloyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2013

„Думи“ и „слово“ в латинската християнска литература на IV–V в

Author(s): Rosen Milanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The greatest and most important works of Latin Christian literature date back to IV–V cc. These works are a result of the specific Christian conception of man and the world. In the present paper I explore the attitude of the Christian writers towards the world and its words, towards the verbal communication and the ancient non-Christian literature. The genres and kinds of the Christian literature, as well as its subjects, are also considered. Тhe highest, eternal meaning of the Christian sermon is explained.

Формант *-ъtь и склонение слов типа *nogъtь, *olkъtь, *degъtь, *desętь и *dьnь в праславянском

Author(s): Mihail Nikolaevich Saenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2019

The article analyses the formation of the characteristic Proto-Slavic nominal declension paradigm, which originally included the words *nogъtь ‘nail’, *olkъtь ‘elbow’, *degъtь ‘tar’, *desętь ‘ten’ and *dьnь ‘day’, later enriching itself mostly with derivatives with the formant *-ъtь. The author looks at the history of the formant as well as its combinatory power, depending on the final consonant of the stem, which in its turn can help determine articulatory characteristics of the late Proto-Slavic language *l. Apart from that, derivates with the formant *-ъtь are subdivided according to corresponding chronological layers and a number of details related to their history are analysed.

La escritura epistolar y la enseñanzade lenguas: los manuales prácticos decorrespondencia comercial de G. B. Melzi (1878)

Author(s): María Ángeles García Aranda / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2019

The increase in commercial transactions during the 19th century led to an important growth in the publication of commercial teaching materials in the form of what were known as correspondence arts or manuals. This paper deals with the ones that were written, and adapted to four languages, with the title Practical Handbook of Commercial Correspondence, by Giovanni Battista Melzi, who, following the classics, considers that letters are written conversations and, therefore, the best way to learn a foreign language. In these pages a detailed analysis of Melzi’s manual, adapted to French, English, Italian, German, and Spanish (1878), is presented and the contents of the letters and their typology are reviewed, together with the clarifications and explanations included as footnotes by the author. Letters and footnotes become a valid resource for learning a second language, since they include very interesting observations about treatment formulae, the forms and uses of pronouns and verbs, conjunctions, interjections, adverbs, prepositions, proper names, punctuation, the lexicon, or spelling and phonetics. The content of these manuals responds to linguistic and commercial interests, so that the letters and lexicon, despite having been widely used in the history of language teaching, are, according to its author, the best way to learn Spanish, French, English, German, or Italian at the end of the century.

Осврти и прикази

Author(s): Mirjana Petrović Savić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 27/2020

Митра Рељић, Српска гробља на Косову и Метохији: уништена споменичка и језичка баштина, Матица српска 2020, 343 стране

Hrvatski glagoljaši i Crkva bosanska – „Čto eretiče glagoleši?“ Brevijar Vida Omišljanina (1396. god.)

Author(s): Jagoda Jurić-Kappel / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2019

This article points to some places in the Croatian Glagolitic liturgical codes – the First Breviary from Vrbnik / Prvi vrbnički brevijar/ BrVbl (13th/14th century) and the Breviary of Vid Omišljanin / Brevijar Vida Omišljanina/ BrVO (1396), in which the Bosnian heretics (”eretici, manahei, patarini“) are mentioned. Moreover, the article reminds that Bosnian heretics (”patarini“) are directly quoted in a very popular theological document, the Dialogues of Pope Gregorius / Dijalozi Grgura pape, a document which has been preserved in six transcripts (five in Glagolitic and one in Latin scripture) written in the period between the 15th and the 18th century. The Breviary of Vid Omišljanin, as the most prominent Croatian Glagolitic liturgical document, is associated with Bosnia by other features as well (graphic, orthographic, grammatical, lexical and textual) that will be briefly presented here.

Ćirilične isprave kancelarije bosanskog bana Stjepana II Kotromanića

Author(s): Mehmed Kardaš,Sumeja Bičević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2019

This paper analyzes cyrillic diplomatic documents from the chancellery of the Bosnian ruler Stjepan II Kotromanić considering the paleographic and linguistic aspects. The types of writings handled by the scribes of this chancellery – Priboje, Radjen, Pribisav and Kupusac – are discussed in the context of the minusculization process in the Bosnian ruler’s chancellery of the 14th century, while the linguistic examination deals with the penetration of the West Štokavian characteristics in these texts in the context of the manner of writing.

Kes või mis oli Jörru?

Author(s): Külli Prillop / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 7/2022

In 1695 Christian Kelch, the then pastor of Järva-Jaani, published his chronicle “Liefländische Historia”, which also contained an Estonian folk song titled “Jörru, jörru”, with German translation. This was the first Estonian folk song to appear in print; owing to Johann Gottfried von Herder it became known even more widely. Despite repeated analysis of the text, the meaning of jörru has remained a mystery to this day. In Herder’s “Volkslieder” there is a note explainig Jörru as the male name Georg. This interpretation has been predominant, although it contradicts Kelch’s original explanation of Jörru being a young man’s word of address for his beloved girl. Possibly Herder did not find the text in Kelch’s chronicle but in a Königsberg newspaper, where the song had been published in 1764 without Kelch’s comment. Kelch, however, had a good reason to explicate the meaning of Jörru, as he wanted to refute an earlier claim that Jörru refers to Jerusalem and the song as a whole expresses the longing of a people for their former homeland. The article hypothesizes that jörru is the Middle Low German gör ‘girl’. In the local variant of Low German it was normal that before a front vowel g would be pronounced as j; another expected change is ö > õ. The word-final vowel u is a diminutive suffix. The lengthening of the r-sound can be accounted for by diminutive gemination. In addition to the etymology for jörru the meanings of some other archaic words and expressions occurring in the song are specified.

Eesti keele varauusaegne mänguruum

Author(s): Kristiina Ross / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 8-9/2022

The article discusses the uses and opportunities of the Estonian language in the early modern times, focusing on the 17th and early 18th century. In the 18th century the Estonian territory was subjected to violent Christianisation by conquerors whose native language was German. The local elite was formed of native speakers of German (and in the 17th century, when the area was part of the Swedish Kingdom) also of native speakers of Swedish. The bearers of the traditional Estonian culture fell into the lowest social stratum. For centuries following the Reformation the Estonian literary language was created and developed by non-native pastors who produced Estonian translations of catechisms, psalms and the Bible, all based on German patterns. Native Estonian was used in oral communication. This, however, lends the view of the Estonian language history based on the analysis of written texts a colonial nuance, preventing one from getting an adequate survey of the usage as a whole. The 17th century, which was the most significant time for the emergence of literary Estonian, has left us not a single record of any native Estonian translator who might have participated in the formation of the language. Such a view of Estonian leaves an impression of the language as a passive object shaped and moulded at will by the non-native authorities. To capture a better idea of the actual polyfunctionality of the language, efforts should be made to include oral and semi-written registers in the language description, despite the scarcity of reliable and relevant information on the Estonian language. The article attempts to give a rough idea of early modern Estonian by moving along its sublanguages, whose existence can be inferred from written records of other languages as well as from the bits and pieces of information available on Estonian. Based on a list of sublanguages affected by the 17th-century reforms in Sweden (Loit 2012) and considering the specifics of the Estonian-speaking community, it is found that early modern Estonian can be assumed to have included sublanguages of their own for business, military matters, church, trade, poetry, correspondence and everyday communication, plus a (German-Estonian) mixed language. The contours of all those sublanguages need to be defined.

Jezik u raljama preskriptivizma

Author(s): Amela Šehović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2021

Review of: Anđel Starčević, Mate Kapović, Daliborka Sarić: Jeziku je svejedno, Sandorf, Zagreb, 2019.

Onomastički odgovor na pitanje ko su Bosanci i Hercegovci

Author(s): Enisa Gološ / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2021

Review of: Indira Šabić, Prezimena u Bosni i Hercegovini, Off-set, Tuzla, 2020.

Kako je Humo divaniti znao - književnojezična i jezičnohistorijska studija

Author(s): Indira Šabić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/2021

Review of: Enisa Gološ, Ekspresivna leksika u Huminom djelu, Univerzitet „Džemal Bijedić“ u Mostaru, Mostar, 2020.

The Antinomy of Philology (an Approach by Jules David)

Author(s): Fatima Eloeva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The paper presents an attempt to reconstruct the original method of mastering the Modern Greek, created for classical philologists by a talented researcher and classical philologist Jules David. Jules David (Charles-Louis-Jules David, 1783–1854) was the son of Jacques-Louis David (1748–1825), apparently the most successful and well paid artist in the entire history of France, the creator of neoclassicism. We will try to show that his scientific conception presents an interesting attempt to establish a connection between the ancient and modern state of the Greek continuum. Jules David’s linguo-didactic approach is innovative and unexpected – while discussing the standard of the Greek language, he managed to combine elegantly the descriptive and prescriptive aspects of the language analysis. His main work, the Comparative description of the Ancient Greek and Demotic Languages (Συνοπτικός παραλληλισμός της ελληνικής και γραικικής απλοελληνικής γλώσσης) is a fascinating attempt to establish the parallels of the Ancient Greek and Modern Greek languages. In addition Jules David set himself another and not trivial task indeed – to make classical philologists, dealing with the Ancient Greek, feel that they are dealing with a living language, and not with a dead scheme. We believe that this strategy of David, due to its originality, has not been fully understood by researchers and can be compared with the views of another outstanding neo-Hellenist and philosopher Nikolaj Bakhtin, the brother of philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin (1884–1950).

TOPICA ADJECTIVULUI CALIFICATIV ÎN DOCUMENTE ȘI ÎNSEMNĂRI ROMÂNEȘTI DIN SECOLUL AL XVI-LEA

Author(s): Maria-Corina Popa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

The present paper analysis the position of the qualifying adjective in the nominal group, based on a corpus of texts included in the volume "Romanian documents and notes from the 16th century". The occurrences of the prefixed and postposed qualifying adjective as a modifier will be considered, in order to establish possible preferences of prefix or postposition compared to the nominal determined in the old Romanian language.

Wykładniki ekwiwalencji w wybranych inwentarzach z XVIII wieku

Author(s): Błażej Osowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The article presents the exponents of equivalence by means of which equivalence is determined in atext. The intrasystem relation (within asingle language), disregarding equivalence in translation, has been considered. Equivalence is asemantic relationship that connects at least two elements (equivalents). The equivalents are corresponding in atext i.e. they have acommon reference (e.g. Yankees = Americans), and may assume the form of single words or longer phrases (e.g. Japan = The Land of Cherry Blossoms). Dialectologists can find equivalence useful as it can be applied in atext to juxtapose literary and dialectal units. Syntactic, punctuation and lexical means have been distinguished.

Uz kontinuitet literarnog zajedništva u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Miroslav Artić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2012

Bosnia-Herzegovina is a space of stopped processes of mutual enrichment and well-intended recognitions between the different entities. The particularities and layeredness of the folklore creativity, the literary and artistic achievements and artistic creations in general in Bosnia-Herzegovina are growing out of, to paraphrase Svetozar Petrović, “the specific historical prerequisites”. In this work we will formulate them as four hypotheses, or four starting points, for understanding the literature and language in Bosnia-Herzegovina. It is an understanding which could be used as an open intersecting point of all cultural and literal specifics. And they would no longer be rejecting or assimilating each other, but would stay open for mutual understanding and recognition.