Addenda From Pre-Meninski Transcription Texts To Stanisław Stachowski’s “Osmanli Türkçesinde Yeni Farsça Alintilar Sözlüğü”. Part V

Author(s): Luciano Rocchi / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

Stanisław Stachowski wrote a series of articles devoted to studies on the New Persian loanwords in Ottoman-Turkish, which were published in Folia Orientalia in the 1970s and later republished in 1998 as a single volume. Since then, however, a good number of editions of new Ottoman texts have appeared, especially transcription texts dating from before Meninski’s Thesaurus (1680), which provide much new lexical material. Within this material there are many Persianisms – predictably enough where Ottoman-Turkish is concerned. This paper aims to supplement Stachowski’s work with words of Persian origin taken from pre-Meninski transcription texts. It is divided into two parts, the first including data to be added to entries already recorded by Stachowski (eight articles), the second containing data that constitute new entries (three articles). A short historical-etymological note on the words dealt with also features at the end of each entry.

Advanced FL Students’ Self-Perception of Their Language Identity

Author(s): Dorota Owczarek / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

This article reports the results of a study of self-perception of their language identity by advanced FL students. The aim of the study is to observe what students’ language choices are and what guides them in these choices. The concepts related to bi/multilingualism are taken into consideration, following Cook’s opinion (1992, p. 558) that L2 users should be compared to bilinguals rather that monolinguals. The perception of the language self is related to language competence acquired in formal education. The findings will be referred to recent research on language and identity in a foreign language context conducted elsewhere, and suggestions for further study in the field will be provided.

Afekt vs. efekt otwarte formy pracy z perspektywy glottodydaktycznej

Author(s): Beata Karpeta-Peć / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 10/2018

The article presents open forms of learning and teaching, such as free work, working at the stations, working according to the day/week plan and the project work from the glottodidactic perspective. On the one hand the affective factor is analysed, which is the factor responsible for motivating the students through appropriate choice of content and materials. On the other hand, the discussion is focused on the analysis of the cognitive aspect, which means the analysis of the effects of education in the view of contemporary communicative – cross-curicular teaching. These perspectives will be complemented by the analysis of social-active aspect, thus, the possibility for cooperation while learning in connection with the dydactic idea of learning by doing, as well as the material-dynamic aspect, which corresponds to the organisation of work in the glottodidactic atelier. The theoretical discussion has been connected with the presentation of the effects of the author’s own empirical study in this area.

Age and gender differences in evaluating the pedagogical usability of e-learning materials

Author(s): Liubomir Djalev,Stanislav Bogdanov / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

The purpose of the study is to examine the pedagogical usability of interactive e-learning materials for foreign language practice. It is based upon two studies of the expected between-group and within-group differences among participants in the educational process. The sample consists of two groups – lecturers and students, a total of 100 participants, each evaluating four materials specifically prepared for this study. Two consecutive repeated measures ANOVA were conducted in which the gender/age, the position of the participants in the educational process, and usability dimensions were the independent variables. Results indicated that all independent variables and their interactions have a significant effects on the evaluations of the pedagogical usability. Women tend to assign higher values than men. Аge groups generally differ in their evaluations, although there is a tendency to give similar ratings for the individual dimensions of pedagogical usability. The 31-40 years age group evaluates the materials higher while the lowest evaluations are given by the groups of 21-30 and 50+ year old participants. Students tend to rate the pedagogical usability systemically higher than the lecturers. Usability dimensions also have a significant effect on evaluations. The most prominent feature of the materials, by a great margin, is their Applicability. The findings corroborate previous research which show age and gender differences in web usability do exist. We conclude that these differences exist as much in pedagogical usability as in technical usability. Further investigations are suggested to explore more deeply the differences in the perceived pedagogical value of e-learning materials as this has implications for instructional designers, teachers and learners alike.

Akateemisen maahanmuuttajan suomen kielen taidon tarve työssä ja arjessa

Author(s): Markku Nikulin / Language(s): Finnish / Issue: 29/2019

The article deals with the importance of Finnish language proficiency for nonnative students and staff members in the academic life in Finland. During the last few decades, there has been a lot of discussion on the allegedly deteriorated position of Finnish at the universities and in the society in Finland. Correspondingly, as English seems to become a valid alternative for Finnish in the academic world, it is often assumed that Finnish is no longer needed at the university and the incomers need not learn Finnish. This article takes part in the discussion by representing views of non-native academic people on the matter. Te article is based on a survey data collected in 2015 at the University of Turku. The survey had three major aims: to find out to which extent Finnish is used by the non-native people at the university, to find out whether more Finnish teaching is needed (especially at the highest levels) and to find out what is the importance of Finnish language proficiency in the life of academic people who do not speak Finnish as their first language. Te results of the survey are interpreted against a theoretical background of theories dealing with personal wellbeing, integration and the importance of personal motivation for learning a language. According to the survey, most respondents think it is actually perfectly possible to live in Finland also by using English. However, 74% of the respondents who answered in Finnish thought that it is not possible to live well or to integrate into social and cultural life in Finland to the full without being able to speak Finnish. In addition, most of the respondent expressed a desire to learn more Finnish, as they were not satisfied with their proficiency in Finnish. Especially the staff members desired to have a higher proficiency in Finnish. According to the results, an improved proficiency in Finnish seems to be connected to better personal wellbeing and thus a greater degree of integration. Interestingly, the respondents did not find the difficulty of the Finnish language a major obstacle in learning Finnish, as the biggest obstacles named were the lack of time and suitable language courses. Te results point out the importance of language proficiency for integration also in the academic world and call for additional and more tailored Finnish courses at the universities – also at the highest levels of language proficiency.

Ako a prečo sa výskumy detskej reči na Slovensku (ne)dostávajú do povedomia odbornej verejnosti a pedagogickej praxe

Author(s): Katarína Vužňáková / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 1/2018

Ako sa rodičia a deti rozprávajú o minulých udalostiach

štúdia porovnávajúca okolnosti a témy rozhovorov rodičov a detí s typickým a špecificky narušeným vývinom reči

Author(s): Ľudmila Mičianová,Svetlana Kapalková,Daniela Slančová / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 21-22/2015

On the background of the narrative definition and its research, the Questionnaire of Parents´ Beliefs on Talking with Children and Storytelling is introduced. The study is based on the analysis of 8 questions of the questionnaire asking on circumstances and topics of the parent-child conversations on previous events. The survey group was composed of 11 parents of intact children aged 5 – 7 and 11 parents of children with specific language impairment at the same age. Differences in quantity and quality of input between these two groups have been compared. Results show disparities among groups, which were statistically confirmed in area of topics of talking. Qualitative evaluation suggests differences also in frequency of talks and other areas, but more extensive investigation is necessary to validate these findings.

Aligning Who I Am with What I Do: Pursuing Language Teacher Authenticity

Author(s): Tammy Gregersen / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

This study explores the dynamic, interactive relationship between teacher identity and authenticity. Through an examination of several socio-cultural (social identity, situated learning, and image text) and psycholinguistic (individual differences) second language acquisition theories, a conceptualization of identity is provided. Subsequently, language teacher authenticity is characterized from both a philosophical and pedagogical perspective and connected to the notion of teacher identity. The final section of the paper presents research-based applications that include reflecting critically, redefining personal credibility, discovering one’s personal style, displaying emotion and recognizing diversity to facilitate the positive-broadening quest of aligning one’s identity (i.e., who I am) with authenticity (i.e., what I do).

AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION IN THE PRONOMINAL DOMAIN IN CHILD ROMANIAN

Author(s): Ioana Stoicescu,Maria Aurelia Cotfas / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 1/2018

This paper explores the acquisition of antecedent preferences by typically-developing Romanian-speaking (pre)school children. It investigates the antecedent preferences for subject pronouns (pro, el ‘he’, this ‘acesta’) in the subjunctive complements of volitional verbs. The results indicate that children overwhelmingly associated pro with close antecedents. There was a slight preference for a close antecedent with the overt pronoun, while no preference was observed for the demonstrative pronoun. The children treated pro and the overt pronoun differently and were aware that each pronominal marked a distinct degree of accessibility, but the evidence pointed towards a delay in the acquisition of the exact degree of accessibility marked by the overt pronoun. The delay was even more marked for the acquisition of the demonstrative pronoun.

Analysis of refugee students’ interest, attitudes and learning in social sciences lessons from the perspectives of teachers and students

Author(s): Mehmet Akpinar / Language(s): English / Issue: 12/2018

The aim of this study is to examine the interest, attitudes and learning of refugee students living in Turkey towards social sciences lessons from the perspectives of both teachers and students. This phenomenological study was carried out with 20 refugee students in 10 different public schools in Trabzon province, in the 2016–2017 spring term. In addition, 13 social sciences teachers working in these schools participated in the study. The participants were chosen via the purposeful sampling method of criterion sampling. An open-ended interview form was applied in the data collection phase, and the data were analysed through content analysis. The findings revealed that the social sciences teachers had problems in communicating with refugee students due to language barriers, and they were unable to apply individualized instruction with these students due to the limitations of the curriculum. It was further established that the refugee students had a particular difficulty in learning Turkish history and culture-related topics, because they were exposed to these subjects for the first time. On the other hand, it came to light that the students performed better when social sciences teachers taught their lessons using simpler terminology, assisted with visuals. As the results of the study highlight the fact that the social sciences curriculum is too intensive to allow for individualized instruction, it is suggested that additional studies should be carried out with refugee students; moreover, refugee students may be peer-educated with the help of other refugee students who can speak Turkish.

ANAPHORA RESOLUTION IN 2L1 ROMANIAN. EVIDENCE FROM ROMANIAN-HUNGARIAN BILINGUALS

Author(s): Veronica Tomescu / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 1/2018

The paper reports the results of an experimental study on intra-sentential anaphora resolution in 2L1 Romanian, by Romanian-Hungarian bilingual children. I investigated the interpretation of null, overt and demonstrative pronoun subjects by means of a picture selection task. Two bilingual groups aged 5-6 years and 8-9 years were compared to two age-matched Romanian control groups. While the monolinguals show progress from the younger to the older age group regarding the interpretation of the null pronoun, the bilinguals give at chance responses in both age groups. In the overt pronoun condition, with the exception of the younger monolinguals who showed a non-adult-like subject bias, none of the groups showed any antecedent preference. It is only in the demonstrative condition that a clear object bias was obtained with all four groups. I accounted for the observed delay in terms of an insufficient grasp of the relevant discourse properties, as a result of bilingualism effects.

Ankstyvoji dvynių kalbos raida: specializuoto tekstyno kūrimas ir duomenų analizė

Author(s): Ingrida Balčiūnienė,Eglė Krivickaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 9/2017

Twin language is considered to be a unique object of scientific studies in psychology, linguistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and speech therapy. Twins tend to lag behind singletons in their language development, but the causes are still unknown. There are many factors affecting the development of twins’ language such as low birth weight, genetic factors, gender, amountquantity of input, intensive interaction between the twins themselves, less interaction with adults than singletons, and many other factors. A commonly held belief is that twins develop their own autonomous and unique communication, also known as ‘secret language’, or ‘private language’. The specific twin language is unique for each pair of twins and cannot be understood by others, not even by their parents.The purpose of this study is threefold: 1) to present a unique Corpus of Lithuanian Twin Language; 2) to discuss the main principles of the Corpus development and methodological issues; and 3) to present the results of pilot research in the Lithuanian twin language.The analysis is based on longitudinal data of one pair of heterozygous twins (a girl and a boy) from Kaunas. The twins’ speech was recorded 2-4 times per week in natural daily situations; (around one and a half hour of recordings per month). The data collection was started when the twins were two years and five months of age. The data was collected by their parents under the supervision of linguists from Vytautas Magnus University. The results of our research attest to manifestations of twin secret language, including the reaction of their parents. In the future, a complex analysis of twin language will be carried out. The results will hopefully be useful not only to researchers, but also to teachers, speech therapists and anyone others who deal with interested in atypical language acquisition.Twin language is considered to be a unique object of scientific studies in psychology, linguistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and speech therapy. Twins tend to lag behind singletons in their language development, but the causes are still unknown. There are many factors affecting the development of twins’ language such as low birth weight, genetic factors, gender, amount of input, intensive interaction between the twins themselves, less interaction with adults than singletons, and many other factors. A commonly held belief is that twins develop their own autonomous and unique communication, also known as ‘secret language’, or ‘private language’. The specific twin language is unique for each pair of twins and cannot be understood by others, not even by their parents.The purpose of this study is threefold: 1) to present a unique Corpus of Lithuanian Twin Language; 2) to discuss the main principles of the Corpus development and methodological issues; and 3) to present the results of pilot research in the Lithuanian twin language.The analysis is based on longitudinal data of one pair of heterozygous twins (a girl and a boy) from Kaunas. The twins’ speech was recorded 2-4 times per week in natural daily situations; (around one and a half hour of recordings per month). The data collection was started when the twins were two years and five months of age. The data was collected by their parents under the supervision of linguists from Vytautas Magnus University. The results of our research attest to manifestations of twin secret language, including the reaction of their parents. In the future, a complex analysis of twin language will be carried out. The results will hopefully be useful to researchers, teachers, speech therapists and anyone interested in atypical language acquisition.

Ankstyvoji vaikų kalba: nuo kalbos paribio iki kalbinės komunikacijos

Author(s): Ingrida Balčiūnienė,Laura Kamandulytė-Merfeldienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 32/2018

The aim of the article is to discuss the early language acquisition, which comprises the language acquisition period from the very beginning of the grammar system development to its complete formation. In the present research, the part of The Corpus of Lithuanian Children Language, which comprises transcribed and grammatically coded longitudinal language records of four singletons (two typically developing children, one typically developing early talker, and one typically developing late talker) and one heterozygous twin pair (a girl and a boy). The following hypotheses have been proposed: 1) the period of the grammar system formation of atypical language (twins’ language) is later and lasts longer than in the case of a typical language development; 2) children with atypical language development (twins) experience more language acquisition problems than children with typical language acquisition. The quantitative comparative research has confirmed the first hypothesis that the development of twins’ language is later and the formation of the grammar system lasts longer than in typical language development. The second hypothesis has been only partly confirmed: in the language of the twin girl, the tendencies of the grammar system acquisition correspond to the typical late talking, while in the language of the twin boy, the acquisition of the grammar system is slower and longer than in typically developing children. In addition, slower development of lexis related to the frequent use of onomatopoeias and twins’ secret language and uneven mean length of an utterance are typical of twins’ language.

Another Look at the L2 Motivational Self System of Polish Students Majoring in English: Insights from Interview Data

Author(s): Mirosław Pawlak / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

One of the most recent theoretical developments when it comes to the role of motivation in second language learning is the theory of the L2 Motivational Self System (e.g., Dörnyei, 2005). It has been proposed in recognition of the fact that: (1) learning a foreign language does not only involve acquiring a new communicative code, but also affects the personality of an individual, (2) the difficulties involved in applying Gardner’s (1985) concept of integrativeness to foreign language contexts, and (3) the mounting empirical evidence (e.g., Dörnyei & Csizér, 2002), demonstrating that key components of motivation, such as integrativeness, instrumentality, attitudes towards L2 speakers or manifestations of motivated learning behavior are intricately interrelated. As a result, the notion of integrativeness has been reinterpreted as the L2-specific aspect of an individual’s ideal self and the motivational system is believed to comprise the following three dimensions: (a) ideal L2 self, which is related to the abilities and skills that learners envisage themselves possessing, which may trigger a desire to reduce the distance between their actual and ideal selves, (b) ought-to L2 self, which is connected with the attributes that the learners believe are important in the eyes of significant others, and (c) L2 learning experiences, which is a context-related factor reflecting the nature of the immediate learning environment and learning experiences. This framework was applied in a qualitative study, the participants of which were 28 English majors in the last year of a three-year BA program who were interviewed about their motives for learning the target language. The analysis revealed that although motivational influences which have traditionally been regarded as important do play a role, there are a number of factors, such as family influence, instrumentality, knowledge orientation or international posture, that are also of vital importance.

Anotirane bibliografije

Author(s): Jelena Drljević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3-4/2011

The paper reports on annotated bibliographies of scientific works on common subjects such as learning, adopting and second language (L2) lexicon didactic. The author picked out 17 scientific papers (books, articles and guides), presented short summaries and critical reviews on each of them. Through overview of the various scientific contributions, the reader is able to get an insight into the latest scientific surveys in the field of studying of lexicon’s different aspects like determining and selection of the lexicon volume, formal and contextual teaching of lexicon, defining lexicon competency, role of native language in adopting second language (L2) lexicon et al.

ANTIKINIŲ VARDŲ LIETUVINIMAS:TARP TRADICIJOS IR NAUJOVIŲ

Author(s): Audronė Kučinskienė,Audorne Kairienė,Dalia Staškevičienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 3/2015

The problem of Lithuanization of Ancient names was and still is relevant and not fully resolved. It is manifested by varied spelling of names as well as by ongoing discussions and considerations of this matter in the media. Translated books are often subject to criticism: the translators and editors do not have the competences necessary to understand the patterns of ancient languages so that they could Lithuanize the names properly themselves, nor have they a unified reference. Development of the Digital Database of Ancient Names may be a solution to the problem. The tradition of spelling Latin and Greek ancient names is not stable or prevalent in Lithuanian writings. It is obvious from various cases of use in Lithuanian writings, collected in the Digital Database of Ancient Names.In fact, there are no grounds for speaking about traditions of Lithuanization, because such tradition was not formed or established. This is particularly true for transcription of proper names of Greek origin. We can only note certain tendencies and influences of other languages in different periods.

Antrosios kalbos įsisavinimas natūralioje aplinkoje: įvaikinimo Italijoje atvejis

Author(s): Jogilė Teresa Ramonaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 2/2013

The functional approach to the interlanguage of spontaneous learners of L2 permits to see that from the very beginning when not yet possessing many resources of the target language the speakers makes a systemic use of them. When acquiring a language in a naturalistic environment the effectiveness of the communication is of vital importance to the speaker because he or she must start interacting without yet having acquired many of the elements of the structure of the target language. A second language learner makes use of the cognitive resources already in possession and therefore when beginning to use the new language invokes the universal pragmatic principles for utterance organization such as word order and similar. A very important step in L2 acquisition is the appearance of the predicate in the interlanguage of the learner because then the utterances of the speaker start to be constructed following also the semantic-syntactic principles. This variety of the learnerʼs interlanguage, called the basic variety, is essentially sufficient for the elementary communication and the development of the interlanguage in the morphological perspective fossilizes in this variety for some learners. In time and given favourable conditions, the interlanguage of the learner can move on to a so-called post-basic variety, that sees the formation of a system approaching that of the target language and the principles of utterance organization previously used are gradually replaced by syntactic principles characteristic to the specific target language. The situation of international adoption creates conditions that are very favourable for language acquisition also to the older children. The article presents examples and analysis of the linguistic behaviour of an over 11-year-old Lithuanian girl adopted to Italy. Her linguistic behaviour has been meticulously observed and recorded for a year after the adoption starting from the very first contact with the new language. The analysis shows that the structure of the target language is acquired in a universal path: from simple forms to more complex ones, however the situation in which the acquisition takes place determines the great rapidity of acquisition and a very advanced level after a year in the new country. The observed girl reaches the basic variety after having spent only a month surrounded by the new language and one month later her interlanguage presents clear signs that indicate morphological sensitivity and the interlanguage system that is heading towards that of the target language. After a year in the country the entire Italian verb system is in place, including the most complex parts of it, moreover, the girl fluently makes use of those system elements that are not obligatory, but optional, in a way that native speakers are able to do.

Apie pažymimuosius pasakymus sakytinėje lietuvių kalboje

Author(s): Laura Kamandulytė-Merfeldienė,Ingrida Balčiūnienė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 8/2016

The syntactic features of spoken Lithuanian are still under-researched due to insufficient data bases, limited technologies, and research methodologies. During the last years, the Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian (developed at Vytautas Magnus University; 225,000 words; 80 hours of digitalized audio recordings) has been syntactically annotated, and this has enabled complex automatized syntactic analysis. In the present paper, one of the first such studies is presented and its results are discussed. The corpus linguistics methodology has been employed.The paper deals with the frequency and basic types of attributive clauses in spoken Lithuanian language. The results of the study have highlighted that attributive clauses tend to be more frequent (up to 15% of all subordinate clauses) in public speech, and they are significantly less frequent (up to 7% of all subordinate clauses) in private spontaneous speech.The position of a subordinate clause after the head noun is unmarked and the most frequent in public speech and spontaneous private speech. Consequently, 65% and 88% of all attributive adjectives followed the head noun in private spontaneous speech and in public speech. Since in Lithuanian the word order is not so strict, in private spontaneous speech constructions with a subordinate clause before the head noun are used.The analysis of subordinating conjunctions and relative pronouns has revealed that in public speech the link between a subordinate clause and an independent clause tends to be expressed by the relative pronoun kuris, kuri (‘which’). Namely, in public speech, this pronoun is employed in 85% of all attributive clauses. The number of relative pronouns in private spoken speech reaches only 30%, whereas the subordinating conjunction kur (‘where’) has been used in the majority of attributive clauses (51%). The findings of the study reveal the main tendencies in the distribution and frequency of attributive clauses and suggest that the usage of attributive clauses depends, to a large extent, on the register of spoken language

Apprentissage du français de la douane dans le cadre d’un dispositif hybride

Author(s): Miroslav Stasilo / Language(s): French / Issue: 11/2017

This article analyzes the teaching of French and methods in the context of multilingualism. We present the flagship of vectors which direct the choice of methods by focusing on active approaches and techniques, especially on the hybrid method blended learning. In the context of globalization and multilingualism these language skills are very important for Customs officials. The main purpose of this article is the teaching of modern languages to adults, including specialized French customs. We analyze the programs offered by Customs Training Centre located in Vilnius by focusing on the comprehensive study of combined learning program in French because this method participates actively in the realization of the policy of multilingualism through the cooperation between the teacher and the learner. This method facilitates a more rapid and effective integration of participants in the professional and social life as well as a broader multidisciplinary approach through the use of new technologies and authentic documents of various fields: from the customs checking vehicles to ethical issues in Customs. It also has 5 components of the lexical acquisition accompanying the vocational training of customs in French: linguistic, discursive, referential, social, cultural and strategic.

ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OF ESTABLISHING PROMPT AND COMPLEX INTERVENTION IN LANGUAGE DISORDERS

Author(s): Iuliana Bărbuceanu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 14/2018

Constructing a harmonious, tailored, integrated personality, depends on the successful browsing of stages of development. In child development of great importance is the acquisition and evolution of language. The language has many implications: cognitive, pertaining to school, social, behavior, in the personality, passing first through emotional side. As language disorders is extensive and/or deep, even children’s emotional imbalances are more pronounced. Emotional imbalances are reduced by complex intervention: speech and psycho.