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PARTICULARITIES OF THE ROMANIAN LANGUAGE IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE INTERWAR BUCOVINA

Author(s): Mihaela Mihai / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 25/2021

In order to know the literary language used in the legal-administrative texts of an epoch, it is necessary to study the facts of language, of the various acts that through their content can bring concrete testimonies in connection with certain mutations or deviations from the norm. In this context, it is necessary to capitalize on official documents with the intention of establishing a place for them in the vast process of development and improvement of linguistic norms within a style and, by extension, within the literary language. We chose for analysis a qualitatively representative corpus (diversity of types of documents analyzed) consisting of correspondence from the prefectures of Southern Bukovina, which are in conservation at the Suceava County Service of the National Archives.

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DERIVATIVES WITH THE PREFIX DES- / DEZ- IN THE VOCABULARY OF POSTWAR ROMANIAN POETRY

Author(s): Claudia DRAGOMIR (DRĂGHICI) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 25/2021

The derived models provided and used by postwar poets play an essential part in the ''grammar of poetry" through the interference of language levels. The poetic derivatives with the prefix des- often "associate" with an antonymic repetition resulting in lexical contrasts. Such derivatives suggest equivocal sensations to the meaning of a determination by using lexical parallelism and analogy, being created by different types of derivation. The analysis of poetic derivatives from the perspective of word formation joins the pun specific to creative lyricism.

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GLOBAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE POLICIES AND EDUCATION

Author(s): Marius-Adelin Uzoni / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2021

This paper discusses language policies as a field influenced by various factors. The most important ones being globalization, economy, and politics. The relationship between language policies and the aforementioned factors is bidirectional and is subjected to constant change. This research begins by discussing aspects that concern language policies in general, but unavoidably goes toward the impact of English on language policies.

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TOPONIMICAL CLASSES. THE CASE OF THE UPPER JIJIA AREA

Author(s): Bogdan Constantin Archip / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 26/2021

Our research consists to drawing attention to the important part of toponymical classes in the Upper Jijia Area.

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CODE-SWITCHING

Author(s): Gabriela Stanciu-Șerban / Language(s): French Issue: 26/2021

A notion which is often emphasized thanks to the presence of bilingualism is the code-switching. There are a lot of debates, polemics around this relatively new notion which refers to the use of two languages in the speech of a bilingual person; the novelty and the unknown of this concept turn this idea into a negative one, being considered “a danger” for the knowledge of the two languages (it is considered that bilingual persons will not know any language). It’s actually about a characteristic of bilingual persons to pass from one language to another, to use words that belong to the two languages. The code-switching (notion used for the first time by Maria Causa) refers to the passages from one language to another, to the dynamic character of the two languages and also to the uniqueness and the stability of every linguistic system.

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MULTICULTURAL TRANSLATION AMONG DEFINITIONS AND TAXONOMY. BRIEF OVERVIEW ON CULTURAL-SPECIFIC ITEMS, QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND CRITICISM IN LITERARY TRANSLATION

Author(s): Teodora Nicoleta Pascu / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2021

Approaching the multicultural translation has become more and more challenging for the young scholar in TS in the last decades, both theoretically and methodologically. Once assumed, at the beginning of 21st century, the concept of translation as a cultural act, that is TS as the study of cultural interaction and the translation as a manipulative method facilitating cultural communication, there was a flourishing of definitions and classifications of its key concepts: what is cultural, at what text level should it be analysed, how is it translated, etc. By one hand, this can be seen in a very positive way since it reflects the great attractiveness and vitality of TS as a discipline. However, it has also undeniably created a methodological fragmentation that could be objectively difficult to handle with. In the spirit of the interdisciplinarity that has always characterized the TS, most of these attempts have retrieved and updated already existent terms like the so-called realia, adding new perspectives linked to specific translation fields, especially to the audio-visual translation (subtitling and dubbing). Besides, the increasing numbers of studies investigating the connections between culture and translation has led to a consequent revisiting of the Translation Quality Assessment and Translation Criticism. This paper is then expectably intended to offer an effective brief critical overview on these key concepts in multicultural translation.

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ANGLICISMS IN THE ROMANIAN MEDIATIC LANGUAGE DURING PANDEMIC

Author(s): Mihaela Mureșan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2022

There are several varieties of anglicisms used in the Romanian mediatic language and some of them are quite necessary, at the same time another category of them are totally useless, because there already exist Romanian words with clearly used and defined semantics. Therefore, speakers and journalists should abide by the linguistic rules. The Romanian mediatic language uses a new category of anglicisms which appeared during pandemic.

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DECIPHERING LANGUAGE THROUGH THE MILTON MODEL

Author(s): Carmen- Liliana Mărunţelu,Cristina-Dana Popescu / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2022

The present paper aims at giving a brief insight into the process of communication as an energetic, substantial and informational exchange between two or more systems. This is achieved in principle through language, a special role belonging to the conscious component, to thinking. The paper is also focused on the role of the metamodel as a tool that allows us to understand what people mean and is a reformulation of language and experience. The metamodel can also be used to make people more specific or to get them out of a trance state, where their attention is focused on something specific that prevents them from looking for other possible solutions. By recovering lost information, it is possible to express new choices both in terms of behavior and in terms of concepts or experience.

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INNOVATIVE DERIVATIVES FORMED WITH THE SUFFIX –OS AND SUFFIX ̶ IME IN 20th CENTURY ROMANIAN POETRY

Author(s): Claudia DRAGOMIR (DRĂGHICI) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2022

The words derived with the suffix -os and suffix -ime in 20th century Romanian poetry will be analyzed according to the formation process, type of derivative, while referring to the suffix which forms the poetic derivative. The poetic words derived with the suffix -os and suffix -ime, stable but also occasional formations, require a detailed linguistic analysis with regard to the suffix: origin, productivity, lexical and lexico-grammatical values, semantic interpretations, formal analysis, etc. The poetic formations derived with the suffix -os and suffix -ime involve semantic changes due to the artistic function they perform. Sometimes, the meaning of the derivative must be interpreted in relation to the meanings of the poetic text, to a broader context.

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LANGUAGE AND GENDER – CONVERSATION RITUALS. A CASE STUDY

Author(s): Alexandra Olaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2022

Human languages, in all their forms (speech, writing, signs, etc.), are based on a fundamental constant: they vary depending on the context and the people involved. Just as space and time cannot be repeated or duplicated, so human interactions are unique. The principle of difference defines all spheres of human activity, the concept of identity being purely theoretical and not applicable in reality. Although these differences can be observed starting from the cellular level, we do not need to be experts in biology to understand how the world is structured. We just have to look around and notice. In the 1920s, labov was writing about the differences and variables one can find in languages, and in recent decades, sociolinguists have deepened his theories and found that those variables are dictated not only by culture, age, religion, education, or environment, but also by gender. According to them, people speak differently also because they are biologically different. Considering that the notion of gender is extremely important for our times and that communication is one of the defining components of society, we shall try in the paper to present the gender differences in language and to exemplify them.

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WORDS AND MEANINGS

Author(s): Isabela-Elena Spirea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 28/2022

At some point, during 2007, I participated in a challenge, namely, to choose five advertising texts from the huge number of commercials that were airing at that time, to point out the sematic relationships within their context and to mention the stylistic effects of paronimia. Thus, a new analysis thesis came into being which proved to be enduring, given the fact that, after 15 years, it will see itself on print.

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ROMANIAN LANGUAGE AGAINST THE ANGLO-AMERICAN INFLUX

Author(s): Cristina-Ionela Bogdan (Sandu) / Language(s): English Issue: 29/2022

This article is a succinct approach to the importance of the Romanian language and the diversity of changes it suffered throughout the process of Anglicization. We have also highlighted the fact that the influence of the English language has led and still leads to the vocabulary internationalization that enriches the common language, as well as the specialized language, and facilitates the communication between professionals of various fields of activity. This way, the number of neologisms in contemporary Romanian language has increased because all the words borrowed from English are neologisms. This massive borrowing of Anglo-American terms has manifested the most during the recent decades and has led to major changes in both the Romanian common lexicon and the specialized language.

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CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR AS A MEANS OF RENDERING UNIVERSAL OR CULTURAL SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF THE “DREAM”

Author(s): Viorica Lifari,Oana Șulic / Language(s): English Issue: 30/2022

In this article, we try to give a definition of the conceptual metaphor as a means of rendering the universal or cultural specific aspects of a people, definition which comes in opposition to the one embraced by classical linguistics. We also present some aspects related to idioms, offering a few examples from Romanian and English, instances that will have as a core the concept of "dream". The study is based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory introduced by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson and the one suggested by the Australian professor A. Wierzbicka by creating the prototypic cognitive scenarios of the mental models typical of a concept from a certain culture by using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM).

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NOUNS BORROWED FROM OTHER LANGUAGES WITH SPECIAL PLURAL FORMS, BUT WITH THE SAME MEANING. RELEVANT IDIOMS

Author(s): Emilia Ştefan / Language(s): German Issue: 30/2022

As generally known, nouns manifest certain variations in their plural forms in German language, as some may have a second or even a third plural form. In most cases, only one variant is classified as standard use, while the others can be used as regional colloquial alternatives. This paper attempts to outline nouns borrowed from other languages with special plural forms and to explain the meaning of various idioms in which they are inserted.

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LET᾽ S LAUGH WITH CARAGIALE. SCIENTIFIC STUDY

Author(s): Dorina Nela Trifu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 30/2022

The paper „Let`s laugh with Caragiale” represents a stylistic analysis of I.L. Caragiale`s speech from the act III scene I, from the comedy entitled „One lost letter” written by the author. In this study we intend to analyze the fragment from a stylistic point of view, considering also the phonetical, morphological, lexical, syntactical and stylistical levels. This analysis aims to present particularities of language and style which are making the flavor to the work of the great dramatist. Farfuridi`s speech is totally incoherent. Given that the play was written in another literary era, it is normal that the language used to be somehow different from the norms of current Romanian language. In the typology of Pompiliu Constantinescu, Farfuridi represents the type of politician and demagogue. The spelling used in the text is the one used by the writers from the XIX century. His lexicon has expressive, unique words. Language individualizes the character and betrays his inculture. Frafuridi's communication with the public fails due to the lack of connection between words. If we consider the grammar and semantics of the text, Caragiale's work no longer communicates anything directly, but only indirectly the absurdity of the character and of the ridiculous situation that he himself creates can be detached. The text is a sample of the style of the writer, who is not afraid to discredit, using subtle, indirect procedures, capturing the ridiculousness of the character in the middle of public and political life. Farfuridi turns out to be the stupid bastard and the type of uneducated politician. Caragiale's style is characterized by freshness and variety. The language of Caragiale's comedies is unique with each character who appears on stage.

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FRENCH AND ENGLISH INFLUENCE ON THE ROMANIAN LANGUAGE

Author(s): Octavia Moisil,Gabriela Szabo (Voșloban) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 30/2022

Borrowing as an external factor is an important means of vocabulary enrichment. As for the Romanian lexicon, a major importance in its formation is represented by the influence of English and French. These foreign words, taken from other languages and included in the Romanian vocabulary, are adapted to the language systems. Some words entered the Romanian language directly (through direct contact between peoples with different languages; orally) or indirectly (through books or in writing in general, having a religious or bookish character). These loans were possible due to various factors, among which we can identify the geographical space around the Romanian territory, various relations between people.

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CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS AS IMAGES IN ROMANIAN AND ENGLISH ANTONYMIC PHRASEOLOGIES: “SUCCESS” AND “UNSUCCESS”

Author(s): Oana Balan / Language(s): English Issue: 30/2022

The article is devoted to the investigation of the way images are created with the help of the conceptual metaphor within the phraseological units in the English and Romanian linguistic pictures, regarding the antonymic relationship between the concepts of “success” and “unsuccess”. The aim of the article is to find both common and particular components of the English and Romanian antonymic phraseologies that lead to creating images through metaphors related to the concepts mentioned above. The methods used for this research are those of general linguistics, but also those specific to cognitive linguistics. English and Romanian are languages that have many differences from a structural and semantic point of view, and their phraseologies have not been investigated enough, let alone the relation of antonymy between the two concepts proposed.

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THE INFLUENCES OF OTHER LANGUAGES ON THE ROMANIAN LANGUAGE

Author(s): Octavia Moisil,Gabriela Szabo (Voșloban) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 30/2022

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„Buchnąć z futrówy”, „odpypić z ponsy”, czyli o słownictwie dotyczącym ściągania w gwarze uczniowskiej z przełomu XIX i XX wieku

Author(s): Jarosław Grzegorz Pacuła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2021

The article presents the history of the student jargon. The author describes the vocabulary used in the period: second-half the 19th century – first half the 20th century; the lexis belongs to the thematic category „cheating”. In the text the reader gets to know theses: 1) the lexis discussed is the root cause of one of the most extensive lexical-semantic categories of the student jargon in the post-partition period (after the period of the Partitions of Poland); 2) in former student language a shared store of the vocabulary exists – this group is independent of the administrative dependence of schools; 3) we notice much former vocabulary in the contemporary jargon; 4) we will notice jargon words in the general Polish in the 19th century; 7) we can see the participation of criminal jargon from the 19th century.

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Z historii socjolektu szkolnego – słownictwo dotyczące karania uczniów

Author(s): Jarosław Pacuła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 39/2022

From the history of school sociolect – lexis from the category of „punishing students” The author describes in this article the history of the student sociolect. The subject of the description is the vocabulary of students from the period: from the second half of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century. The vocabulary relates to the thematic category of „punishing students”. This category includes a vocabulary relating to the use by teachers of methods and forms of rebuking students’ attitudes and behavior, forcing students to submit in not always standardized situations. The sources include texts by Ignacy Wolanowski, Henryk Ułaszyn, Henryk Łopaciński, Józef Magiera, Edward Klich, Piotr Ciuła and Włodzimierz Czarnecki. There are sixteen dictionary units in the publications. Most of the lexis are words attested by texts describing the student dialect of the second half of the 19th century.

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