Сімейно-родові іменування, похідні від імен та прізвищ першоносіїв (на основі вибраних антропонімів сіл Антонівка та Борисковичі початку та середини ХХ століття)

Author(s): Larisa Sadova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 55/2020

This article analyses the origins of family names and the duration of their functioning in rural anthroponymics on the basis of the anthroponymy of the south of the Volyn region in the early to mid-twentieth century. The study examines the semantic and word-formation structure of anthroponyms in the area, identifies lexico-semantic groups represented in the roots of family names, and considers different structural variants of the given names and surnames from which family names were derived, including their productivity and the most frequent cases. The semantics of roots and the word-formation structure of family names in the south of the Volyn region reflect general tendencies of the Ukrainian anthroponymic system and tendencies of the regional anthroponomy, which stem from dialectal features, influences of other languages, and historical and cultural peculiarities of the region.

СУФІКС -RĪX У ЛАТИНСЬКІЙ МОВІ НА ПОЗНАЧЕННЯ ОСІБ ЖІНОЧОЇ СТАТІ

Author(s): Maria Teleky / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2018

The aim of the research is to highlight the semantics of nominative functions of Latin word-formation with the suffix -rīx on the denomination of female. The achievement of this aim involves such tasks as: to define word – forming semantics of the nouns with Latin suffix -rīx; to regulate the analyzed above-mentioned units in word – building types, to determine the productivity of the word – building suffix. Methods of research. Such methods as: the method of observation, the descriptive method for inventory and interpretation of lexical units, the method of systematization – for ordering lexical units in word-building types were used in our research. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the first attempt to analyze the word-forming types of persons’ names in Latin with the modifying suffix - rīx with the meaning of female on the basis of motivated male nouns names. Conclusions. The suffix -rīx reflects the long-standing tendencies of the feminist system development in Latin. A widespread way of creating nouns on the denomination of female demonstrates its productivity in Latin. The lexical units are united in several word-building types with different shades of meanings, which specify the main thing «the person, the performer of a certain action, its character or result». The suffix -rīx adds a new lexical meaning to the word «female» and points to gender characteristics as well as the psychosocial and socio-cultural roles of women as individuals in the process of socialization. Such nouns are mostly correlated with the names of male. Denomination female names is quantitatively much less that of men, which testifies the secondary status of a woman in the ancient Roman society.

Сфера ўжывання абрэвіятур у сучаснай беларускай мове

Author(s): Ludmiła Siegień / Language(s): Belarussian Issue: 4/2012

This paper presents implementation of abbreviations in modern Belarusian and in its languages for specific purposes. The attempt has been made to prepare a dictionary of abbreviations. Although the author has established 71 thematic groups of basic abbreviations, they do not comprise all abbreviations. Consequently, the 72nd thematic group – “other acronyms” has been created. It includes such items as abbreviated names of contemporary people, abbreviations of Soviet times, abbreviations in common use, etc.

СХОДНИ РАЗВОЙНИ СЛОВООБРАЗУВАТЕЛНИ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ПРИ КАТЕГОРИЯТА NOMINA LOCI В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ И АЛБАНСКИЯ ЕЗИК

Author(s): Raki Bello / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

At the contemporary contrastive studies main attention is focused on the establish-ment of similar parallels that make up the word formation category nomina loci based on word formation types or models in Bulgarian and Albanian language, as well as to determine the extent of replication of Locative models from one language to another. The study shows a great interest in the linguistic Balkan word formation.

Сънищата и сънотълкуването в българската традиционна култура

Author(s): Anatol Anchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

In this article, I offer a summarized survey of the different folklore genres in Bulgarian traditional culture that refer to dreams, dream interpretation and the consequences of dreams. The study is based on a substantial number of narratives of dreams and dream interpretations that I have recorded through fieldwork, and on my research on this topic. I have also utilized published and archive materials, dating since the Bulgarian Revival period until modern times, and published research by folklorists and ethnographers from the distant past until the present day. I delineate the main principles of dream interpretation; the ways of dream interpretation, and the factors that influence it. It is underlined that dream interpretation is part of the cultural education in patriarchal Bulgarian society as an essential element of the skills and practices referring to predicting the future. All of this confirms the fact that dreams and dream interpretation are a significant part of the system of Bulgarian traditional culture. I emphasize the unity of opposites, which is basic for the classification and interpretation of dreams. It is an important characteristic of Bulgarian traditional culture as a whole and also of the Bulgarian culture and language from the Middle Ages until modern times. Simultaneously, I also dwell on the analytical-psychological essence the unity of opposites. Special attention is paid to the crucial role of the context for the correct interpretation of dreams, which corresponds to the method of amplification in Jungian psychology.

Тàлер или дàлер? Национален колорит и наименования на парични единици в преводите на норвежките народни приказки на български език

Author(s): Ivan Y. Tenev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

Rendering national, cultural and historical references into the target language is one of the major challenges in translating folklore narratives. The paper examines the approaches to Norwegian realia (i.e. words for culture-specific items) denoting currency units (daler, skilling and mark), adopted by the Bulgarian translators of the Norwegian Folktales collected by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe. The translation strategies are discussed against the backdrop of the major role of the Folktales in fostering Norwegian national identity during the National Romanticism period. The paper provides some theoretical considerations relating to the multitude of factors which underlie the possible translation strategies, e.g. the genre specifics of the source text, the target group of the translation, the degree of the national overtones’ intensity and the nature of the realia’s denotata.

Тyђицe у школској пракси

Author(s): Ibrahim Čedić / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1-2/1991

Um die Fertigkeit, sich in der Muttersprache entsprechend auszudrücken, zu erwerben, müssen die Schüler nicht nur grammatische und stilistische Regeln kennen, sondern auch neue Worter und deren Bedeutung. Aus anderen Sprachen entlehnte Worter stellen eine Störung im Kommunikationsprozess dar, so dass ihnen in der Schulpraxis besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden muss. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden nicht nur Einzelheiten dieses Teils des Wortschatzes erortert (Alternationen, Wortbildungssynonymie, Fachtermini u. ä.), sondern auch die Art und Weise, wie Fremdworter im Unterricht behandelt werden.

Тактики и стратегии при превод на термини в български език (на фона на руски и сръбски език)

Author(s): Radostina Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2021

The article is devoted to the various tactics and strategies for translating scientific terminology into Bulgarian against the background of Russian and Serbian. Different tactics for the concept of translation strategy are presented. An analysis of a number of similar difficulties for all three Slavic languages, which could be encountered in the translation of terminological units, has been made.

Тапанiмiя лельчыцкага раёна гомельскай вобласцi: лексiка-семантычныя типы матывацьii

Author(s): Natallia Bahamolnikava / Language(s): Belarussian Issue: XXV/2020

This article deals with regional toponyms in their lexical and semantic aspects and analyses the way oeconyms and hydronyms are related to topography and landscape peculiarities of Pripyat Polesie, events in this region, spiritual and material culture of the local population and its linguistic contacts with other ethnic groups.

Творба назива за женска бића у јужнословенским језицима

Author(s): Božo Ćorić / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3/1979

1. Anhand einer Analyse der Lexik der heutigen südslawischen Sprachen wird ein detaillierter Überblick über die Verwendung von Movierungssuffixen (Formanten, mit denen Bezeichnungen für Wesen weiblichen Geschlechts von den maskulinen Entsprechungen abgeleitet werden) innerhalb der als Motion von Nomen bezeichneten Wortbildungskategorie gegeben. 2. Formal betrachtet, gibt es in den südslawischen Sprachen zwei Haupttypen der Movierung: A — Das ganze Maskulinum — ganz gleich, ob einfach oder abgeleitet — geht in das Femininum ein (vgl. slowenisch levica, matičarka); В — in das Femininum geht nur die Basis des Maskulinums ohne dessen Suffix ein (s. slowenisch radovednica — radovednež, bednica — bednik). 3. Behandelt werden nur die Movierungssuffixe, deren Derivate in sog. Motionspaaren auftreten (ein Motionspaar wird von einem movierten Femininum und seiner männlichen Entsprechung gebildet). Die sog. »selbständigen Movierungssuffixe, mit deren Hilfe Bezeichungen für Wesen weiblichen Geschlechts ohne Rückgriff auf ein Maskulinum gebildet werden, bleiben ausserhalb unserer Betrachtungen. (Vgl. serbokroatisch und slowenisch -lja, -ilja, -alja, -ulja, -ača, uša). 4. Dargestellt wird innerhalb des Typs A die Motion von einem Maskulinum auf -0, -ar, -ač, -telj, -ak, -aš, -ik, -an, -aj, -ič, -uh und -in. Beim Typ В wird die Movierung eines Maskulinums auf -c, -k, -/n/ik, -in, -/n/ež, -ko, -džija, -čija, -lija und -ija behandelt. Folgende Hauptmovierungssuffixe zur Ableitung von Femina werden in dieser Arbeit analysiert: -ica, -ka, -inja, -kinja und -a. Sie alle kommen in sämtlichen südslawischen Sprachen vor. Im Slowenischen, Bulgarischen und Mazedonischen ist -ka das wichtigste Movierungssuffix, während es im Serbokroatischen -ica ist. Erwähnenswert ist auch die äusserst häufige Verwendung des Suffixes -kinja im Serbokroatischen, insbesondere bei der Ableitung von Fremdwortstämmen auf -t, sowie die recht starke Verbreitung des Suffixes -inja im Slovenischen.

Творческая личность в индивидуально-авторской картине мира В.С. Высоцкого

Author(s): Daria Alexandrovna Cheremohina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2021

This paper considers a fragment of V.S. Vysotsky’s worldview through which his attitude to creativity is seen through the prism of the poetically gifted character. A step-by-step method with the artistic concept of creation as the main methodological tool was used for the analysis. The content of the above concept was identified on the basis of the following lyrics: “My bride will truly sob for me” (‘Za menya nevesta otrydaet chestno’, “The seventh string” (‘Sed’maya struna’), and “Silver strings” (‘Serebryanye struny’). The lexemes struna (‘string’) and gitara (‘guitar’) representing the concept of creation function as the leitmotifs in V.S. Vysotsky’s lyrics. They define the directions of association (linguistic, literary, reference, cultural) and the personality of the lyric character through his attitudes to friends, beloved woman, freedom, and life in general. These attitudes in V.S. Vysotsky’s artistic world are determined by the ideologically important opposition of “one’s own – alien”, a nuclear part of the concept of creation that influences its content. It was concluded that the concept of creation shaping the image of the lyric character and his behavior is represented in the studied lyrics by the associative series of tvorchestvo – svoboda – dusha – zhizn’ (‘creativity – freedom – soul – life’) and functions against the background of the opposition of “one’s own – alien”.

Твртко Прћић, Ка савременим српским речницима, Нови Сад, 2018: Филозофски факултет у Новом Саду, 224 стр.

Author(s): Nenad B. Ivanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2018

Тежње ка допунама Вукова Српског рјечника у XIX вијеку: Једна терминолошка збирка ријечи из Босне

Author(s): Neđo G. Jošić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 16/2017

A printed compendium of words entitled Prilozi srpskom rječniku (1893) by Ignjat I. Dimić represents one of rare examples of comprehensive compendiums of vernacular vocabulary published in the 19th century. As an expert in the field, especially in terms of the leather industry (leather and fur processing), Dimić produced a small but interesting lexicographic compendium related to the region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which methodologically heavily relies, regarding semantic descriptions in particular, upon the approach featured in the edition entitled Srpski rječnik (The Serbian Dictionary) by Vuk Stefanović Karadžić. Despite certain weak points, mostly in terms of grammar, Dimić’s publication fills some gaps where the Serbian terminology from the end of the 19th century is concerned. As such, it can be regarded as a significant source of The Dictionary of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, a publication that encompasses and presents the lexical fund of the Serbian (Serbo-Croatian) literary language and the Serbian vernacular.

Тематични групи лексика в банския говор

Author(s): Aleksandra Klechorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The study presents some topic- related vocabulary based on a research of its traditional lexis. Here we will present this type of words only in the field of traditional way of life, traditional farming and traditional livestock farming. The report presents a vocabulary that has grown up with the traditional livelihood of the Bansko people. The "complex relations in which the lexical units which has been influenced on the basis of their nominative function, on the one hand, and the content of their semantic volume on the other" are analyzed (see Stoilov 2013: 9). The vocabulary that is presented on the one hand is collected personally by the author, on the other - it taken from previously published research (see Velyanova 1997)

ТЕМАТИЧНИЯТ РЕЧНИК НА ДЖАН СУНСФЪН-КАНЕТИ – ОСНОВА ЗА ЛИНГВИСТИЧНИ ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ

Author(s): Liliya Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

Zhan Songfen (张荪芬女士) was a co-founder of the teachings of Modern Chinese and the founder of the teachings of wenyan in Sofia University. In 1969 she published a semantically organized Bulgarian-Chinese Dictionary 、 保汉分类词典。This dictionary can serve as a very useful base for linguistic studies. Some words for domestic birds are examined in the paper as an example of a possible analysis. As is known, natural objects are presented through linguistic taxonomies differently in different languages. With the designation of poultry, the Bulgarian language offers separate names for birds of the same species, specialized by sex and age. This is also a characteristic of the linguistic taxonomy of domestic animals and of animals in general as well. For example, in the Chinese language, there is a general term 鸡 jī which has the meaning `hen` as a biological species. There are no gender difference in this concept (i.e., the narrower term 'cock' is included here), nor age differences (i.e., the narrower term 'chicken' is included here). However, if a more specialized term is needed, it is expressed via composition： 妈 鸡 mā jī - `hen`, literally `mother hen`; 公鸡 gōng jī 'cock', literally `male hen`; .小鸡 xi ǎo jī `chicken`, literally `little hen`. The formations with the main word-designation of the duck 鸭yā and of the goose 鹅e as a biological species are parallel. These differences in the presentation of biological taxonomies in the language distinguish Chinese from Indo-European languages and not only from them

ТЕМПОРАЛЬНІСТЬ ТЕРМІНОГРАФІЇ З ПРИРОДНИЧИХ НАУК

Author(s): Maria Komova,Dariia Primakova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2022

The purpose of the article is to establish the temporal features of terminographic activity in the field of Ukrainian physical and chemical special vocabulary. To achieve this goal it is necessary to perform the following tasks: to determine the temporality of terminographic works in physics and chemistry, to characterize the dynamics of terminographic processes from 1940-to 2010, to establish the types of terminographic works in physics and chemistry, to determine the intensity of their publication by different classification criteria. The methodology is to use general and special methods to study Ukrainian terminology in natural sciences. The use of analytical-synthetic, logical, comparative methods made it possible to establish the specific features of Ukrainian terminological works in the temporal context. With the help of the statistical method, the periodization of the development of modern natural terminology is substantiated, and the regularities of publishing activity by types of terminographic publications are revealed. The scientific novelty of the work is that the article establishes the systemic nature of Ukrainian terminological works in physics and chemistry, created during the 1990-2010 and designed to meet the information needs of specialists in the modern conceptual and terminological apparatus. Conclusions. The positive dynamics of the system of Ukrainian terminographic works allow performing gradation according to the method of describing the lexical meaning of the word, the breadth of terminological vocabulary, the structure of publications, and the primacy of publication. Lexicographic works of reference and encyclopedic types predominate over translation dictionaries, which contributes to the unification of the conceptual and terminological apparatus.

ТЕОЛОГО-ФИЛОСОФСКАТА ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧНА ЛЕКСИКА В СТАРОБЪЛГАРСКАТА КНИЖНИНА И НЕЙНИТЕ КОНТИНУАНТИ В СЪВРЕМЕННИЯ НИ ЕЗИК

Author(s): Tatyana Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 15/2015

The article studies some of the questions raised by the history of the Modern Bulgarian continuants of the terminological lexis created in the Middle Ages and found in both the classical Old Bulgarian written sources and the writings of the Preslav Literary School. The author draws our attention to the more recent redistribution of the special lexemes of the period into terminological systems as a result of the differentiation of the modern scholarly knowledge. Also scrutinised is the determinologisation of some theological terms in the Modern Bulgarian Language. Their stylistic peculiarities in today’s language discourse are further analysed. Besides, the problems of semantic alternation and reverse development from synonymy to unification and standardisation in the lexical category in question are also considered. What is examined in addition are phenomena as dropout of the system of the old derivation models with new word-formation types.

ТЕОРИИ ЗА ЗАЕМАЊЕТО, ВИДОВИ ЗАЕМКА И АДАПТАЦИЈА НА ЗАЕМКИТЕ

Author(s): Marija Karadakovska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 11/2021

According to the theories of linguistic borrowing described below, one can conclude that linguistic borrowing is a process made feasible through the recognition of its own elements on a phonetic, morphological and semantic level of the word borrowed in language B. The following four key elements are considered as the reasons for linguistic borrowing: the language’s prestige, the need for innovation in the borrowing language, the geographical contact, and bilingualism. In the context of the derivatives which form as a result of the linguistic borrowing, an overview is presented of the relevant loanword definitions suggested by the renowned linguists Lewandowski, Stedje, and Nikolovska in order to illustrate loanword adaptation with examples of loanwords from English, French and German which have entered the dictionary of the Macedonian Language, and which can be full, partial or zero, depending on phonetic, morphological and semantic parameters, following the example of the prominent linguist Haugen. By marking the phonetic changes of the loanwords which have entered the Macedonian language, their adaptation using Macedonian phonemes will be presented.

Теоријске поставке истраживања традиционалне пољопривредне лексике (ратарске и повртарске лексике војвођанских Русина)

Author(s): Aleksandar Mudri / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2017

This paper presents theoretical aspects of researching traditional material culture (crop science lexicon) of Ruthenians in Vojvodina, Serbia. The corpus was gathered through field research method. Presenting methodology of a fieldwork researching and analizing crop science lexicon as a part of Ruthenian traditional material culture could contribut to development of future researching in this field.

ТЕОРИЯ ЛЕКСИЧЕСКОЙ ГРАММАТИКИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЛИНГВИСТИКИ: ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ СЛОВА В ВУЗЕ

Author(s): Anatolij Leonidovich Sharandin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2017

The paper covers the methodological aspects of interaction between the lexical and grammatical levels, which can be considered as the key problem of teaching the Russian language. In the context of pedagogical linguistics and the author’s theory of lexical grammar as a special aspect of the Russian grammar, the lexical and grammatical analysis of the word in the dialectic unity of language and speech has been performed. The obtained results allow to evaluate the integrative knowledge of vocabulary and grammar considering their interrelation, integrity, and systemic character. The degree and nature of scientific knowledge on pedagogical linguistics are related to the development level of students at schools and universities. The lexical and grammatical analysis has been carried out in two directions: 1) with regard to the word form and 2) with regard to the lexeme word. When syntactical forms (derivatives) are involved in the lexical and grammatical analysis, the active forms of studying the Russian grammar can be applied. They are aimed at description of an objective-denotative situation under different conditions of communication. The suggested plan of lexical and grammatical analysis has been applied using particular linguistic data (by segmentation of the verbal lexeme). The results of the application of lexical grammar theory in practice favor the development of a dialectic understanding of the system with regard to language and speech, morphology and syntax, as well as the interaction between vocabulary and grammar as a whole.