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Bosančica Divkovićevih izdanja između ustava, minuskule i brzopisa

Author(s): Mateo Žagar / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Kao što je poznato, pismo Divkovićevih izdanja, tako i velikoga Nauka krstjanskoga (VNK), otisnutoga u Veneciji 1611. g, višestruko stoji na razmeđu: uzusa ustavne, minuskulne i brzopisne ćirilice, ali i između uzusa staroslavenske i zapadne (latiničke) grafi je i ortografi je, između oslanjanja na fonologiju onodobnih bosanskih govora i na naslijeđenu staroslavensku praksu itd. Isto tako, Divkovićev VNK stoji i na razmeđu povišenoga i pučkoga, između rukopisa i nove tehnologije, još uvijek između srednjega vijeka i novovjekovlja, doslovce na rubu zapadne i istočne Europe, u kontekstu između latinske i crk venoslavenske tradicije u koji se uglavljuje književnojezični izraz utemeljen na narodnome idiomu.

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IMENICE SA SUFIKSIMA -LAC I -TELJ U SLUŽBENIM DOKUMENTIMA NA BOSANSKOM JEZIKU

Author(s): Emira Mešanović-Meša / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

In this paper we observed the nouns with the meaning of a general doer of the action, which were formed out of the verbs with suffixes -lac and -telj: their normative status in the standard Bosnian language and the use of such nouns in the documents in the Bosnian language published in official gazettes of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Loanword adaptation patterns: The case of English loans in Polish and Czech

Author(s): Mirosław Bańko,Diana Svobodová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper addresses the question of whether there exists some typical order by which the adaptation of loanwords’ pronunciation, morphology, and spelling proceeds in Polish and Czech. The approach used can be classified as empirical and quantitative. A sample of loanwords is divided into groups corresponding to different adaptation patterns. The numbers of loans assigned to particular patterns are analyzed subsequently in order to reveal a typical adaptation order these patterns might be a result of.

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Women pilots, pilot girls, aviatrices, and their equivalents in the Polish language: On gender marking in English and Polish

Author(s): Bożena Cetnarowska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper examines the phenomenon of gender marking in names of professions, as exemplified by terms referring to female pilots in English and Polish. Special emphasis is laid on English N+N compounds, such as women pilots, pilot girls, and Polish N+N juxtapositions, such as kobieta pilot (lit. woman pilot). The issue of headedness of such compounds (and compound-like expressions) is discussed briefly.

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Teritoriálně a sociálně podmíněné diference v jazyce soukromé korespondence

Author(s): Zdeňka Hladká / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Private correspondence is a valuable source e.g. for the purpose of studying the dynamism of relationships between the standardized form of a language and the non-standard varieties. An analysis orientated on quantitative phenomena and based on the Corpus of Private Correspondence [HLADKÁ a kol. 2005] strives to find out how the features characteristic of spoken language used in informal private letters affect the traditional correlation of written form and standard language, which substandard means of expression are more acceptable and less acceptablein this borderline type of written texts and especially to what extent using substandard means of expression in private correspondence depends on the territorial background of the author. Attention is paid to elements from the spheres of phonology and morphology, the main focus being on the differences between Czech, Moravian and Silesian usage. Results of this analysis also contribute to discussions that are currently taking place in present-day Czech linguistics and sometimes lacking a basis of this kind, namely to discussions concerning the extent to which Common Czech expanding to the eastern part of the Czech territory and also to discussions concerning territorial differences in the spectrum of functions of the standard language. Other aspects are taken into considerationas well, namely sociolinguistic aspects, such as the influence of gender, age and education on the choice of means of expression.

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Слова категории состояния в молодёжном сленге

Author(s): Oksana Ushakova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with the debatable point of modern linguistics – the predicatives which express the state in the broad sense and are using exclusively as a predicate in a non-subject sentences. The author considers the specifics of such words on the material of youth slang. In the spotlight are the lexical, morphemic, morphological and syntactic features of the analyzed category of words.

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Vermittlung von fachlichen Inhalten in einigen journalistischen Texten aus der ADZ für Rumänien

Author(s): Adriana Dănilă / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

In the everyday world of the 21st century, knowledge explosion and information expansion are taking place: the average person has never been confronted with so much specialized content, and society has never been so strongly influenced by technical innovations and digitalization. Kirsten Adamzik speaks about a "scientification of society or the influence of technical languages on the common language." This paper aims at investigating linguistic expressions that help communicate specialized knowledge to a broad heterogeneous audience. To illustrate this, journalistic texts from ADZ für Rumänien are used, which offer information about the vaccination campaign against coronavirus and present it in an understandable way. The theoretical basis of the work consists of the principles of comprehensible technical communication, and the analysis focuses on morpho-syntactic, lexical and pragmalinguistic level.

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Определено количество

Author(s): Stoyan Burov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents a detailed review of Bulgarian grammar works (19th c. – 21st c.) on the so-called numerical form of non-person plural masculine nouns. To this end, the content of the object quantity relations and their expression in language have been reconsidered. The distinction between definite quantity and indefinite quantity has been introduced, definite quantity being further subdivided into exact definite quantity and approximate definite quantity. It is suggested that the term numerical form (broyna forma) should be replaced by the more appropriate term definite quantity form (forma za opredeleno kolichestvo). The paper also focuses on the status, meaning and use of masculine-person numerals.

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За граматическия статус на композитумите от типа „който ще да е“

Author(s): Krasimira Aleksova,Petya Osenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents initial observations on the status of the composite type ‘koyto shte da e’. For this purpose, extensive illustrative material was extracted and considered from Bulgarian corpora and from Internet. The usages of this composite as indefinite pronoun were described as well as its usages as weak subordinator. Due to the weakened subordinator nature, the composite has been interpreted rather as a separate predicative unit in speech. In the first case the composite is a synonym of the pronouns of type ‘(to) i da e’ while in the second case it is synonymous to the expression ‘no matter who’. Attention has been paid also to the contexts, in which the pronoun and predicative usages compete. In both realizations however ‘koyto shte da e’ has been marked with the feature [+absolute arbitrariness of choice] and it expresses higher degrees of emphasis. We suppose that these characteristics of the composite are due to the inclusion of the modal formant ‘shte’. It has been shown that in the process of grammaticalization from the concessive subordinators to indefinite pronouns there exist various transitional stages between the predicative nature and the nominal one.

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Редуването я-е-а на ятовата гласна и минало несвършено време в българския език. Анализ с правила

Author(s): Danil Khristov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper proposes a rule-based feature analysis of the ya/e phenomenon in Bulgarian. Special attention is paid to the variable ya/е observed in the forms of the imperfect tense. First and second-conjugation verbs whose imperfect forms involve yat-alternation are compared with third-conjugation verbs where this alternation is not observed. The analysis also addresses the role of morphology in the process of adding different imperfect endings to the verb base and the effect of these endings on the variable ya/e. Finally, the phonemic status of soft consonants is discussed in relation to the proposed analysis.

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Модификатори прилагателни имена, които се съчетават с лексемите толерантност и търпимост – съпоставително корпусно изследване

Author(s): Bilyana Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper aims to check the topicality of the dictionary definitions of the synonyms ‘tolerantnost’ and ‘tarpimost’ in contemporary media speech according to corpus data. For this reason, the study investigates the use of the words in Bulgarian Web 2012 with the help of Sketch Engine. The research includes their frequency in the corpus and their collocation with the adjectives as modifiers. The hypothesis is that the lexeme ‘tolerantnost’ is more typical for the official discourse and it is linked with group rights and liberties whereas the lexeme ‘tarpimost’ is connected to the interpersonal communication. The data reveals that the modifiers with the highest frequency of both lexemes collocate with each of them. At the same time, ‘tolerantnost’ and ‘tarpimost’ are often used together in one phrase and therefore, their meaning is not completely the same. The conclusion is that additional research of their collocations and of the contexts they are used is needed so as to reveal the difference in their meanings.

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Същността на категорията лице при местоименията

Author(s): Milena Vidralska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article reveals linguists` different understandings of the person in pronouns and verbs. Our position is that these are two different grammatical categories. The interrelation between these two linguistic realities is an indisputable fact and an extremely important feature related to the grammatical category of personality in the modern Bulgarian language.

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За числителните имена за приблизителност в български език и украинските им съответствия

Author(s): Ivan Derzhanski,Olena Siruk / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The category of approximate numeral quantification (approximative) is still insufficiently researched both on a typological scale and in individual languages, in particular Slavic. Here we investigate the uses of Bulgarian approximative numerals of the type desetina ‘ten or so’ or stotina-dvesta ‘about a hundred or two’ in a parallel corpus of Bulgarian and Ukrainian fiction. These numerals have no direct counterparts in Ukrainian, so the lexical units and syntactic constructions which correspond to them and their statistical parameters are of interest for linguistic theory as well as the practice of translation.

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Категорията число при дефективните съществителни имена сингулария тантум в българския език в съпоставка със словашкия език

Author(s): Evgeniya Miteva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The aim of the paper is to make a comparative analysis of the number of the defective nouns singularia tantum in both Slavic languages – Bulgarian and Slovak, to trace and establish parallels, but also inconsistencies in this language area and to draw conclusions.

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FEATURES OF WORD FORMATION IN CONTEMPORARY MASS MEDIA TEXTS (IN RUSSIAN AND CROATIAN LANGUAGE)

Author(s): Marina Vasilievna Radčenko / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article analyses features of word formation in contemporary Russian and Croatian mass media texts. Active types, models and morphemes of word formation system used in both languages are determined. A comparative analysis of the ways of forming new words shows that occasionalisms in both languages can be created by conventional methods, such as affixation and composition or by non-conventional ways of word formation (contamination, derivation according to a specific pattern, graphoderivation).

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NEUTER GENDER DIMINUTIVE SUFFIXES IN RUSSIAN IN COMPARISON TO CZECH

Author(s): Anastasija Sokolova,Kateřina Strachotová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper is devoted to the word formation of diminutive forms of nouns of the neuter gender (NG) in Russian and Czech. The paper presents diminutive suffixes of NG nouns in Russian and Czech according to grammars, as well as derivational dictionaries of both languages. In the last part of the paper, corpus data is provided regarding diminutives formed from the words слово, окно / slovo, okno that belong to the basic vocabulary of both languages.

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СИСТЕМНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ НАИМЕНОВАНИЙ ЖЕНЩИН В СОВРЕМЕННОМ РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Author(s): Regina R. Guzaerova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the systemic organization of derivative nouns of women in the modern Russian language, the totality of which is considered as a subcategory within the framework of the word-forming category "femininity". The subject of the study are feminine nouns - nouns of females, formed from personal masculine nouns. The relevance of the study is due to a reconsideration of the role and position of women in society, which led to a discussion about the need for the formation of correlative denominations of the feminine gender for professional and social belonging. The modern media space that we use as a source of material is a fertile ground for generating occasional lexicon, including feminine nouns. The word formation subcategory of female nouns is considered in the article, ten major word formation types forming the core and periphery of this category are revealed, the reasons for the appearance of newly formed feminine nouns and actualization of existing in the language are indicated. It was concluded that the extreme variety of the suffix means of expressing the category "femininity", on the one hand, promotes the active formation of feminine nouns, on the other, makes it difficult to secure a definite form in the language, which could subsequently lead to the codification of feminine neologisms. The prospects of the future research of feminine nouns within the framework of the derivational aspect are outline

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Srovnání tvoření slov u starší a mladší generace ve vybraných obcích východomoravského nářečí

Author(s): Zuzana Procházková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V příspěvku se zaměříme na nářeční posuny v užívání výrazů u dvou generací obyvatel vybraných obcí východní Moravy, konkrétněji v okolí Starého Hrozenkova a Velké nad Veličkou. Text vznikl na základě výsledků bakalářské práce. Nejprve v něm představíme téma a cíl práce, poté se již budeme věnovat nářečí, jeho rozdělení a stručnému popisu zkoumané nářeční skupiny. V analýze praktické části se pak seznámíme s výsledky dotazníkového šetření, na jehož základě popíšeme, zda došlo u starší a mladší generace ve zkoumané oblasti k nějakým změnám v užívání nářečních výrazů.

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The multifaceted and whimsical nature of discourse

Author(s): Jarmila Tárnyiková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

My contribution, rooted in functional and systemic grammar, is based on the assumption that though discourse as a social behaviour and verbal interaction has been studied by great minds for decades, the dynamism of human evolution and the consequent changes in communicative strategies can hardly leave discourse analysts immune to a whole spectrum of new challenges. These are evoked by changes in the scope of items considered to be relevant for present-day research, by blurring the traditional borderlines between categories (written manifestation of spoken discourse in chatting), but before all by the existence of language corpora offering the immensity of data across genres, language varieties and language interfaces. A brief introduction (Part 1) will be followed by three main parts, focusing on reasons for multifacetedness in discourse (Part 2), whimsical nature of discourse (Part 3), and handson experience with overt language manifestations of vagueness, as exemplified by English placeholders (Mrs Thingy, John Whatsisname, whatchamacallit, so-and-so) emergent from the BNC and COCA corpora (Part 4). The aim is twofold: to map the facets which contribute to patterning and variation in discourse shaping, and by using authentic language data amplify the role of peripheral language devices in interaction.

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Possibility modals in English tourism discourse: Variation across three web registers

Author(s): Aleksandra Radovanović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The present study explores central modals CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, and the semi-auxiliary verb BE ABLE TO in tourism discourse with a focus on register variation. A small-scale analysis conducted on the tailor-made corpus (c. 131,000 words) of three text types/registers (promotional texts, e-newsletters, and managerial responses to guests’ reviews) revealed an important variation across registers in the distribution of possibility modals, the degree to which their polysemantic nature is displayed and in their capacity to serve specific metadiscoursal functions. The findings clearly indicate that the causes of the observed variation lie in the influence stemming from the differing situational characteristics, especially communicative purposes, interactiveness, topic domains, and personal involvement.

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