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Vowel Epenthesis in Japanese Loanword Adaptation

Author(s): Cristina Bălan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

It is a generally accepted idea that vowel epenthesis is the main strategy used to repair illicit vowels in Japanese loanword adaptation; however, little attention has been paid to the quality of epenthetic vowels and the processes triggering their occurrence. This paper aims at providing an optimal-theoretic account of the processes that cause each of the five Japanese vowels to surface as epenthetic vowels. All three processes of vowel epenthesis – default vowel epenthesis, consonant place assimilation and vowel harmony – are defined in terms of feature insertion or feature spreading (Uffmann 2006, 2007). The paper provides as well a quantitative analysis regarding the frequency of epenthetic vowels and epenthesis strategies.

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Phonological Development in Romanian Monolingual Children

Author(s): Elena Buja / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The paper aims at bringing to the fore the errors that occur in the production of children’s early words in an attempt to see what phonological processes young learners of Romanian resort to in order to simplify adult targets. The data employed come from four longitudinal corpora and from diaries kept by colleagues of mine and they have been analysed in the framework of “developmental universals” and “particulars” (Slobin 1985). The findings reveal that, to a large extent, Romanian-speaking children adopt similar strategies in dealing with challenging targets as their English peers, but also strategies determined by language-specific features.

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Talkin’ or Talking? Phonological Variation in the Speech of London Teenagers

Author(s): Costin-Valentin Oancea / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

This paper analyses the (ing) variable in the speech of London teenagers. The study is based on a corpus consisting of approximately five hours of speech collected at Queen Mary’s College, University of London, in October 2012. I argue that the nonstandard form [n], usually associated with the speech of boys is frequently used by girls, contrary to the findings found in the literature on (ing).

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Issues in the acquisition of phonology by an English-Romanian bilingual child

Author(s): Andrei A. Avram / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This paper is a case study of the early stages in the acquisition of phonology by a bilingual English-Romanian child. The phenomena analyzed are consonant harmony, the treatment of voiceless stops, the emergence of fricatives, the phonetic realization of liquids, and the resolution of various types of onset clusters. Also discussed are some implications of the findings.

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AN ACOUSTIC AND ARTICULATORY DESCRIPTION OF THE ROMANIAN VOCALIC SYSTEM

Author(s): Oana NICULESCU / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 2/2018

This paper presents an acoustic and articulatory description of the seven standard Romanian vowels /i, ɨ, u, e, ə, o, a/. By revisiting previous instrumental studies (Avram 1963, Şuteu 1963, Teodorescu 1985, Renwick 2012), we offer a new interpretation of the material, a complementary statistical analysis, and a modern visualization of the data facilitated by R through the ggplot2 package (Wickham 2009). Another key point of this study is the ultrasound experiment conducted at ILPGA on the seven monophthongs. Finally, the acoustic data are correlated with the results obtained from the ultrasound study.

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THE PHONOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF LOANWORDS IN ITALIAN

Author(s): Gabriela Anidora Brozbă,Roxana Ungureanu / Language(s): English,Italian Issue: 2/2018

The focus of this article is the phonological adaptation of loanwords in Italian, accounted for in terms of the phonological processes employed. It looks of the underlying forms in the source language and analyzes the changes that have led to the output words in the target language. It also looks at the type of lexical fields in which the borrowings are predominant, which reflect the socio-economic contacts between the languages at issue. An overview of the phonological processes which are encountered is offered in an attempt to provide a theoretical framework of their behaviour, by using the generative phonology rules.

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Information packaging correlates of semantic information structure categories

Author(s): Doina Jitcă / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This paper presents an Information Structure (IS) model at the information packaging (IPk) level and its usage in utterance partitioning and in explaining semantic IS category realizations at the pragmatic level. The IPk model proposes a hierarchical view of F0 contours that transforms utterances into binary contrast unit (CU) hierarchies. CUs have binary IPk partitions with two independent and overlapping structures and a nuclear element which project its IPk functions to the whole units it belongs to. Two nuclear accent identification rules are formulated in this paper in order to be used in decoding IPk partition hierarchy by F0 contour analysis. In the second part of the paper several intonational contours of English sentences, having different semantic IS events, are interpreted by correlating semantic IS analysis results with those of the IPk model-based analysis. By decoding IPk structure and functional constituents from F0 contours we can advance our knowledge about the relationship between prosody and intonational meaning.

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Cluster repair strategies in child Greek: An optimality theoretic account

Author(s): Eirini Ploumidi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This case study investigates the simplification strategies of reduction to the more sonorous cluster member and cluster deletion in [obstruent + liquid] clusters. These strategies are in complementary distribution: the former applies in [obstruent + lateral] clusters and the latter in [obstruent + rhotic] ones. There is a contiguity effect in the child’s system, i.e. the grammar requires that the adjacent segments in the input be adjacent in the output. The pattern of reduction to the more sonorous member of the cluster in [obstruent + lateral] clusters is contiguity-driven and satisfies the adjacency requirement. The adjacency requirement is not met in [obstruent + rhotic] clusters. The complementary distribution of these strategies emerges from the permission of lateral-initial onsets and the prohibition of rhotic-initial ones in the output. We claim that cluster deletion is an epiphenomenon of the grammar’s restrictions on onsets, i.e. the contiguity effect and the prohibition of rhotic-initial onsets results in cluster deletion.

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Cognitive features for sentence stress pattern description

Author(s): Doina Jitcă / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The paper proposes cognitive features for describing sentence stress patterns produced by emphasized and non-emphasized intonational contours of utterances. Cognitive features consist in hierarchies of binary cognitive structures described in terms of the functional categories of the cognitive model proposed in the paper. The cognitive perspective of the model transforms weak-strong “metrical” structures used by Ladd (2008) into binary structures with one nuclear element and two structural levels: CU_argument-CU_predicate CU_emotional-CU_rational element. A set of rules are presented, for nucleus identification in both emphasized and non-emphasized contours. Intonational contours analysed in the paper correspond to some sentences also discussed in Ladd (2008). Cognitive analyses aim to assign different cognitive descriptions to different utterances even in the case of the same sentence when they produce different sentence stress patterns. We conclude that the prosody conveys non-linguistic meaning which must be understood at the cognitive or pre-linguistic level.

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The acquisition of the final coda position in the speech of a Greek-acquiring child

Author(s): Eirini Ploumidi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This case study investigates the acquisition of the word-final coda in child Greek. The data show that the child has acquired the CVC syllabic form word-finally and that the acquisition process of the final coda consonant involves intra-child variation. Initially, the child realizes a Stop word-finally, instead of the target sibilant /s/, which is a morphological marker in Greek. We claim that the realization of [t] word-finally is morphologically driven and is not attributed to input frequency effects since Stops are prohibited as codas in Greek. We argue that the child’s grammar prohibits a marked segment for continuancy in the prosodically weak coda position. Therefore, Positional Neutralization occurs resulting in the realization of the unmarked [−continuant] [t]. Later, [ts] and [tθ] occur word-finally, before the child’s realizations become adult-like. We argue that as long as a final coda consonant occurs, the morphological information is evident in the child’s realizations.

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„Texte dialectale. Supliment la Atlasul lingvistic moldovenesc (ALM)”: probleme ale reeditării

Author(s): Liliana Popovschi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3 (321)/2023

The preparation of a new edition of the work Dialectal Texts. Supplement to the Moldavian Linguistic Atlas (ALM) required the solution of o series of problems, taking into account both the new realities due to the changes that have occurred in the last decades in the Republic of Moldova on a social-political and cultural level, the return to the Latin script and the recognition of the unity of the language spoken on both banks of the Prut river, as well as the principles of editing Romanian dialectal texts, so that the volumes of dialectal texts published in Chisinau could be integrated into the series of similar works published in Romania, forming a whole with them. The paper highlights the solutions identified to reduce the differences compared to the volumes edited by Romanian dialectologists in terms of the way the texts are presented and to transpose as accurately as possible the texts from the phonetic transcription system of the Moldavian Linguistic Atlas, based on the Cyrillic script, into that of the Romanian Linguistic Atlas, which represents the optimal system to transcribe spoken Romanian language.

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Wariantywność akcentowa w języku polskim. Oksytoneza

Author(s): Magdalena Osowicka-Kondratowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The article is the second part of a study on the stress variability in Polish. The text presents the results of research on the phonetic awareness of young Poles regarding the evaluation of sound variants of selected accent doublets and applies to words with a normative stress on the last syllable, such as etui/etui, eksmąż/eksmąż etc. The proposed conclusions point to a relatively good auditory discrimination of phonetic variants of the words in question as well as differences between some of the respondents’ decisions regarding the correctness recommendations formulated in dictionaries.

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Wyzwania w nauczaniu języka „egzotycznego” – na przykładzie fonodydaktyki języka polskiego

Author(s): Iwona Kaproń-Charzyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2022

This article focuses on the problems of the teaching of phonetics of a foreign language. The author, by combining glottodidactic and logopedic perspectives, draws attention to the challenges the teacher faces in connection with the organisation of the educational process based on the example of teaching Chinese speakers, for whom Polish is a typologically and geographically distant language. The author distinguishes two aspects of phonetics teaching—prognostic and diagnostic. As far as the former is concerned, taking into account two sources of pronunciation difficulties—biological, and that connected with a previously acquired phonetic-phonological system—she proves that, in phonodidactics, prognostic knowledge is indispensable as a basis for diagnosing possible problems in the phonological processing and articulation in students. With regard to the second, she analyses the determinants of difficulties in reaching the phonological competence of the Chinese by referring to the results of observations and a test conducted in a 26-person group of Chinese students. On this basis, she postulates that phonodidactic research, in its practical and theoretical dimensions, should combine glottodidactic and logopedic perspectives.

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Akustyka, mimetyka, estetyka, artykulacja: Grecy o głoskach języka

Author(s): Hubert Wolanin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The aim of the paper is to characterize the criteria applied by ancient Greeks for describing, defining and classifying the phones of the language. The analysis of the appropriate passages shows that at the first, philosophical stage of Greek linguistics (Plato, Aristotle) both acoustic and articulatory features were referred to, while within the framework of the later, the grammatical tradition of (Techne grammatike attributed to Dionysius Thrax) articulatory properties was no longer taken into consideration, whereas acoustic features were associated with specific aesthetic appraisal. Although the Greek grammarians finally succeeded in distinguishing all essential groups of phones, relinquishing the articulatory criteria, on one hand, and identifying phones with definite phonetic values of letters on the other made it impossible for them to correctly recognize the whole set of Greek phones and to describe them in the correct way.

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Глагол некэ- в тунгусо-маньчжурских языках: функции и развитие значений

Author(s): Elena L. Klyachko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 03 (50)/2023

The paper considers ɲeke-, a highly polysemic verb present in several Tungusic languages: Evenki, Even, Negidal, Oroch, and Udihe. The meanings of the verb include ‘do’, ‘say’, ‘want’, ‘go’ and ‘hunt’. It also can be a euphemism for ‘have sex’. Moreover, ɲekecan also be used as an auxiliary verb or as part of a discourse connective when combined with an adverb meaning ‘so’, and it can be found in cases of verbal anaphora. The aim of the paper is to explain how this polysemy developed. The functions of the verb have previously been described only briefly in grammars and dictionaries. However, oral corpora and elicitation experiments allowed me to discover additional meanings not previously mentioned for some of the languages. These intralingual comparisons as well as typological data made it possible for me to suggest the following development. The original meaning of the verb was ‘do’, marking abstract actions. It then evolved to mean ‘want X’, introducing another verb as X. At the same time, the verb was used to introduce ideophones. This ideophone-introducing function helped develop it into a quotative verb in some of the languages. Finally, the abstract ‘do’ started to mean ‘move’ and then ‘hunt’. Its abstract ‘do’-meaning is what allowed it to be used as an auxiliary and as a part of a connective. In some Evenki dialects, ɲeke- was replaced with ke-, a Mongolic borrowing, which still retained the functions of ɲeke-. Interestingly, the verb seems to be present in the Tungusic languages mentioned above, while other Tungusic languages, such as Ulch or Nanay, have a similarly functioning verb with a different stem. This may support A. M. Pevnov’s hypothesis of ɲeke- being borrowed into a branch of the Tungusic languages from a Koryak placeholder stem.

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Определение регулярных фонетических соответствий карельской диалектной речи. Вокализм

Author(s): Irina Petrovna Novak,Julia V. Normanskaja / Language(s): Russian Issue: 03 (50)/2023

The article presents the results of the analysis of the vocal system of Karelian dialects using the “Cognate analysis” tool on the LingvoDoc platform. The dialect data used in this article is sourced from the “Comparative Onomasiological Dictionary of Karelian, Vepsian, and Sami languages” (2007), which meticulously recorded the state of 24 Karelian language dialects four decades ago. Vepsian data from six locations was also used in this work, which is an important condition for establishing the correct place of Ludikov dialects in the system of Balto-Finnic languages. The materials used have allowed us to conclude that vowel phonemes are more important in the Karelian language than in Vepsian, in which rising diphthongs and long vowels are not represented. In this study five groups of vowels were subjected to a detailed analysis, revealing dialectal differences in vocalism among the Karelian language dialects: final vowels of the nominative form of nouns, long vowels, systems of rising and falling diphthongs, as well as the vowel harmony phenomenon. The positioning of the discussed phenomena was identified and the conditions for its appearance were described. Similarly, the main dialectal differences in the Karelian language in the field of consonantism are to be identified. Comparison of the obtained results will make it possible to clarify the isoglosses of dialect-differentiating phenomena, determine their nature, and thereby come close to solving the urgent problems of Karelian dialectology.

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Türkçede ediz > égiz “Yüksek, Yüce” Sözcüğü Üzerine

Author(s): Yeşim Çağlar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Spec. Iss./2023

The word ediz, which is in the vocabulary of Old Turkic, first appears in Old Uyghur Turkish texts. Ediz, meaning “high, lofty”, continues to be used in historical Turkish dialects by various sound changes. The /d/ sound in Old Turkic turns into /ḍ/ in Karakhanid and Khwarezm Turkic, and /y/ in Eastern Turkic. The /y/ sound, which comes from the /d/ sound, is witnessed as the /g/ sound in few words in Eastern Turkic. The word ediz in Old Turkic is in the form of égiz in Eastern Turkic. In the study, the transformation process of the word ediz into égiz, the sound changes and meaning differences will be revealed. Starting from the Old Turkic texts, examples of the word ediz in historical Turkic dialect texts such as Karakhanid, Khwarezm, and Eastern Turkic will be identified, and the word ediz (> égiz) will be examined and evaluated within the context.

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ВИВЧЕННЯ НАРОДНОГО (ГОВІРКОВОГО) МОВЛЕННЯ В ПОЗАКЛАСНІЙ РОБОТІ ЗЗСО

Author(s): Yulia Rusnak,Ivanna Struk,Natalia Rusnak / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2022

The studying of folk (dialectal) speech is important in the school course of the Ukrainian language, especially in rural areas, as it offers an understanding of the specificity of the Ukrainian language in its territorial expression. Awareness of the specificity of the territorial variety of the Ukrainian language will contribute to the manifestation of patriotic feelings of students, the desire to preserve the ethnic (territorial) peculiarity. The relevance of our research is determined by the need to study folk speech in the school course of the Ukrainian language. The purpose of the article is to develop the topics of one of the forms of extracurricular work (of a colloquium) on the Ukrainian language for the study of spoken language in secondary school. The research was carried out on the material of the dialects of the villages of Ulashkivtsi and Zabolotivka of the Chortkiv district of the Ternopil region. Research methods. The research was carried out on the main general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as on linguistic methods – descriptive, structural. With the help of the descriptive method the factual material was summarized. The inventory and systematization of language phenomena was promoted by the structural method. Conclusions. As a result of the insufficient coverage of information from the "Dialectology of the Ukrainian language" in school teaching course of the Ukrainian language, the role of extracurricular work as one of the types of educational work is increasing, the purpose of which is to deepen the information from this course, as well as to explain to schoolchildren the differences between folk (colloquial) words and literal names. Therefore, students must understand the specifics of the manifestation of the territorial variety of the national Ukrainian language. For this purpose, the most optimal form of extracurricular work is a colloquium, during which the teacher will provide information about the types of dialectal phenomena, tell about the origin of the dialecticisms of speech, offer information about the vocabulary of the calendar cycle (middle grades), and explain the phonetic-grammatical regularities of dialectal speech (senior grades).

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ЛІТЕРАТУРОЗНАВЧА РЕЦЕПЦІЯ ПОЕТИКИ ВІРШОВАНИХ ТВОРІВ С. ВОРОБКЕВИЧА КРІЗЬ ПРИЗМУ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ОСИПА МАКОВЕЯ

Author(s): Valeriyа Andriyets,Tetyana Nykyforuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2023

Goal. In the segment of the study of the literary reception of the poetics of S. Vorobkevich's poetic works, analyze the literary and critical materials of O. Makovey (“Literary heritage according to Izidor Vorobkevich”, “Izidor Vorobkevich”, “General notes on the poetry of Izidor Vorobkevich”), published in the first few decades after the writer's death. Research methods are predetermined by the purpose and tasks of the work, the object of research and are complex. The hermeneutic method and the method of slow reading (the method of receptive poetics) were practiced, aimed to reveal S. Vorobkevych artistic means, interpret his works. Comparative and comparative historical methods are used to reveal the influence of other authors on the poetics of Bukovynian writer. Biographical method makes it possible to find out the dependence of S. Vorobkevych’s views on poetics on the life basis. Scientific novelty. The peculiarities of the development of poetics of poetry of S. Vorobkevych on the basis of certain its elements (generic, metaology, poetic syntax, phonics, versification) in the diachronic aspect were determined for the first time in Ukrainian literary studies in the given thesis. For this purpose, the scientific literature related to the study of elements of poetics of poetry works by S. Vorobkevych has been analyzed. The author’s approach on the form of poetic text is studied. The role of extraneous influences on poetry of S. Vorobkevych in the aspect of poetics is determined. Conclusions. The study of publications related to the topic of the study showed that the most valuable of them are the materials of O. Makovey, V. Lesyn and O. Romanets, P. Nykonenko, M. Bondar, P. Nykonenko. The results obtained are an important material for expressing our knowledge of the poetics of S. Vorobkevych's poetic works; they are the material for comparison with the similar material on the artistic nature of Y. Fedkovych’s poetic works. On the basis of revealing common features, taking into account the data of other Ukrainian poets of the region of this period it becomes possible to get a general picture of the poetics of domestic poetry works in Bukovyna in the second half of the nineteenth century.

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L’EMPLOI DU PRONOM EN DANS LE CORPUS ÉCRIT D’APPRENANTS ALLOPHONES

Author(s): Emir Šišić,Lejla Tekešinović / Language(s): French Issue: 24/2023

The pronoun en is usually described in the literature as an adverbial pronoun, although the adverbial value is only one of several functions in which it can appear. It is a pronoun whose use is very diverse and complex, which is best seen based on numerous syntactic functions that we will present first in this paper. Then we will emphasize the analysis of examples of its use in the corpus, which includes student works divided into three stages (PI / INT / AH). Our goal is to determine to what extent this pronoun is represented in the mentioned corpus and in which syntactic functions it appears most often, i.e., to what extent students master its use. The analysis will also include those examples in which the use of this pronoun was absent as well as those in which its use is unacceptable.

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