Ketzertum, Geheimnis und Verantwortung: Jan Patockas Europa

Author(s): Jacques Derrida / Language(s): German Issue: 04/1992

In einem seiner Ketzerischen Essais zur Philosophie der Geschichte setzt Jan Patocka das Geheimnis und die Verantwortung, genauer: das Mysterium des Sakralen und die Verantwortung, in Beziehung. Er setzt sie einander entgegen. Er unterstreicht, mehr noch, deren Heterogenität. Ein wenig in der Art von Levinas warnt er vor einer Erfahrung des Sakralen oder des in der Verschmelzung aufgehenden Enthusiasmus und im besonderen vor einer dämonischen Verzückung, deren Wirkung und mitunter erste Bestimmung es wäre, unverantwortlich zu machen, den Sinn oder das Bewußtsein für die Verantwortung verloren gehen zu lassen. Im gleichen Zug unterscheidet Patocka die Religion von der dämonischen Sakralisierung Was ist eine Religion? Die Religion setzt den Zugang zur Verantwortlichkeit eines freien Ich voraus. Sie impliziert also den Bruch mit jenem Typus des Geheimnisses (denn es ist mit Sicherheit nicht das einzige), das man mit dem sakralen Mysterium und mit dem, was Patocka in der Regel das Dämonische nennt, zu verknüpfen pflegt. Zwischen dem Dämonischen einerseits (eben dem, was die Grenze zwischen dem Tierischen, dem Menschlichen und dem Göttlichen verwischt und nicht ohne eine Affinität zum Mystischen, Initiatischen, Esoterischen, Geheimen oder Sakralen fungiert) und der Verantwortung andererseits gilt es zu unterscheiden. Es handelt sich somit um eine These über den Ursprung und das Wesen des Religiösen.

Demokratie und Religion im Nahen Osten

Author(s): Bernard Lewis / Language(s): German Issue: 14/1997

Während eines Großteils des 20. Jahrhunderts prägten zwei Ideen die politische Diskussion im Nahen Osten: Nationalismus und Sozialismus. Je nach politischer Konjunktur stand dabei mal der Nationalismus im Vordergrund, mal der Sozialismus, und manchmal übten beide zugleich, in der verheerenden Form des Nationalsozialismus, eine ungeheure Anziehungskraft aus. Beide Gedankengebäude waren europäischen Ursprungs, genossen von Zeit zu Zeit die aktive Unterstützung der europäischen Mächte und wurden in verschiedener Weise und mit unterschiedlichem Erfolg an die Bedingungen und Bedürfnisse des Nahen Ostens angepaßt. Sie fanden bisweilen leidenschaftliche Zustimmung und erwiesen sich bei wichtigen Veränderungen zumindest teilweise als förderlich.

Spiritism and the Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil

Author(s): Artur Cesar Isaia / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2009

Kodanský výklad kvantovej teórie a jeho vybrané filozofické dôsledky

Author(s): Miroslav Karaba / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2014

The Copenhagen interpretation was the first general attempt to understand the world of atoms as this is represented by quantum mechanics. As the father of this interpretation is regarded mainly Niels Bohr, but also Werner Heisenberg, Max Born and other physicists made important contributions to the overall understanding of the atomic world. Today the Copenhagen interpretation is mostly regarded as synonymous with indeterminism, Bohr’s correspondence principle, Born’s statistical interpretation of the wave function, and Bohr’s complementarity interpretation of certain atomic phenomena. The presented paper is focus on analysis of base and consequences of this kind of interpretation, namely from the ontological as well as epistemological point of view.

13. Tefsir Akademisyenleri Koordinasyon Toplantısı ve Akademik Tefsir Çalışmaları Sempozyumu (27-28 Mayıs 2016 Ankara)

Author(s): İsmail Çalışkan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2016

The evaluation of Meeting of Tafsir Academics which held on 27-28 May 2016 in Ankara and Symposium of The Studies of Academic Tafsir/Ecegesis.

Around the Bloc: Report Claims Widespread Female Mutilation in Dagestan

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 08/23/2016

Caucasus mufti, controversial Orthodox priest defend female genital mutilation, saying it eliminates ‘depravity.’

Around the Bloc: Prague City Hall Approved Anti-Islam Stunt

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 08/30/2016

Controversial activist, previously charged with hate speech, brings his campaign against immigration to the city’s historic heart.

The Personalistic Aspect of Truth and Dialogue in the Context of Karol Wojtyła’s Philosophy: John Paul II’s Ethics of Media

Author(s): Arkadiusz Modrzejewski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This article offers analysis of a personalistic dimension of truth and dialogue in normative ethics of media communication by Karol Wojtyła who is better known as Pope John Paul II. Karol Wojtyła was also a philoso-pher who was involved in the reflections devoted to epistemological issues, although it was not his main field of study. However, the issue of truth was often present in his philosophical and theological considerations. In Wojtyła’s earlier, pre-pontifical works, the reflection dedicated to the truth was a part of his anthropological and ethical conception. The notion of truth had a deep personalistic nature in the philosophy of Karol Wojtyła. It was the truth about a human being understood as a person. In later times of his intellectual activity, after being appointed as the Pope, he outlined a social dimension of truth that was understood as a base of human and social relations. It also concerned the facet of mass media which is reflected on in this text. The article is writ-ten from the perspective of the normative approach. It is typical for the ethics; however, the content of the study should rather be classified as metaethics because it is in fact a metareflection. The text is divided into five parts. Besides Introduction and Conclusions, there are also paragraphs dedicated to the personalistic dimension of the ethics in the light of philosophy and papal teachings of Karol Wojtyła – John Paul II, to the importance of truth in media as well as to the need of including real dialogue in the mediasphere. In the conclusion the author states that in the light of Wojtyła’s ethics of mass media, a depreciation of the value of the truth and dialogue makes mass media audiences liable for the propaganda and so-called total truths which are a perverse form of objective truth.

Bâtınî Ekolleri Anlamada Anahtar Bir Kavram: Ezılle/Gölgeler Nazariyesi

Author(s): Ali Avcu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

There are numerous studies on the esoteric sects in Islam. Though in these studies they have been discussed from different respects, none of them draws attention to the place and importance of the theory of shadows (aẓilla) in the esoteric sects. In this article, after the identification of the meaning of the theory of shadows, it has been argued that the concept of shadows has a central role in understanding the esoteric system of thought. In this context, it has been tried to reveal the central effect of the theory of shadows on the basic ideas of esoteric sects.

Malezya Kamusal Zekât Uygulaması Üzerine

Author(s): İsmail Yalçın / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

Zakat is a monetary form of religious worship that establishes a bridge between a rich and a poor, helps those who are in need and contributes to peace and tranquillity within a society. When zakat is collected properly under a government control and transmitted to those who deserve, it helped to decrease the gap between the poor and the rich, supported activities of social solidarity and revived the economy as well. Malaysia after its independence in 1957 has developed an interest in Islamic practices by drawing attention to a distinctive practice with the public zakat system. Even though a national- central system of zakat could not be established due to the federal structure of the country, the collection and distribution of zakat has been centralized on a state level. Parts of the practice are being criticized, reviewed and new regulations are introduced. Unlike Malaysia, the zakat practice in Turkey is out of state control, thus it hinders zakat from achieving its real purpose. There is a need to make use of the well-functioning zakat systems around the world and establish a public zakat system in our country so that we can make the most of the benefits that zakat has for individuals and societies. This article aims to be a step in that direction.

el-Müddessir 11-26. Âyetlerine Sosyal Psikoloji Teorileri Çerçevesinde Bir Bakış

Author(s): Mevlüt Erten / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

The surah of el-Muddaththir is one of the first surahs of the Qurʾān according to the chronological order of the revelation. In this surah, between the verses 11-26, the story of the harsh opposition by polytheists of Mecca is told through the story of Walīd ibn al-Mughīrah. In this study, we tried to examine these verses in the framework of the social psychological models named “social identity theory”, “realistic conflict theory” and “stereotype psychology”, which are subgroups of the discipline of social psychology. This study includes the interdisciplinary collaboration between theology and social science and supports that using social science as a tool to understand the Qurʾān will be insightful. This study consists of two parts. The first part includes the theoretical background information about the relevant concepts of social psychology. The second part explains the Qurʾānic verses in the light of these social psychology concepts.

Şeyh Hâlid Efendi’nin Divan’ında İnsan-ı Kâmil Düşüncesi

Author(s): Kadir Özköse / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

Sheikh Halid Sufi, as a Sufi poet, addresses human being as the main subject of his sufist dicourse. He is an important figure of our recent history as he primarily adopted the goal of human perfection and revealed a doctrine of humanity in the school of knowledge. In advance of our current century, when human is seen just in physical respect, he lived as a man of heart who handled human being with an integrated approach within the aspects of matter and spirituality, the world and the hereafter, individual and community, body and soul. In this communiqué, I will discuss Sheikh Halid Effendi’s ontology and his point of view on the place of human being in the realm of existence. He seeks human perfection and wishes people to free themselves of shabby desires and regain their disposition. He recommends people to achieve purity in order to reach the rank of being a mirror to God’s reflections. As a Sufi poet, he attaches importance to carrying out the education of divine journey, wrapping up in mystical ethics, having the identity of wisdom and gaining the aesthetics of love so as to reach the perfection.

Social and ecological aspects of sustainable developments

Author(s): Tomasz Trojanowski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The rapid pace of economic development of modern societies contributes to the environmental and social risks. Excessive exploitation of natural resources of the Earth needed to ensure the production processes intensifies the negative impact of manufacturing enterprises on the environment and is the cause of social problems. The global socio-environmental threats mentioned are forcing the international community to take action to deal with the existing issue of the modern world. The answer to the threats is the sustainable development, whose ideas reflect respect for the environment and social aspects in order to provide opportunities for the development of future generations while ensuring the achievement of the objectives of economic enterprises.The essence of this paper are the social and environmental aspects of sustainable development. The paper presents the main social problems of modern humanity. It indicates, inter alia, rapid population growth of the Earth inhabitants and the consumerist attitude of societies. The remaining part of the paper presents environmental problems.The major environmental threats our planet are listed. The final part of the paper includes a summary.

The Relation between the Hebrew People in the Old Testament and the Science of Those Times

Author(s): Adrian Vasile / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Man is God’s only creation who was given reason, will and feeling, having been created in God’s own image. Reason refers to man’s ability to know nature and to rule over it (Genesis I, 28) which occurred throughout his millenary existence through the development of science in all its aspects. Science is the fruit of the divine gift offered through genesis – man’s wisdom (Proverbs I, 7). The first step taken by man was to develop writing to help him record his actions, his nature-related discoveries or his feelings towards the world around him. Later on man has developed the other sides of science: mathematics, physics, astronomy, philosophy, etc. For the Hebrew people, science was subjected to religion and urged it to apprehend the divine work. The science of the Hebrews in the Old Testament was known to the cultures and civilizations of the old oriental peoples.

Science and Religious impacts on the Indian Society

Author(s): Jaya Kumar Jacob Mukthipudi,Brahmaji Rao / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

There are three fundamental aspects in every Indian Society, constantly quarrelling, contradicting and compromising one another every time and contributing pollution at alarming rate. They are cultural, secular and religious aspects. Understanding the Interplay of these three aspects can give us valuable information regarding the country’s spiritual forwardness and its social backwardness; ultimately relieve us from the mystery of Indian system. In every aspect, poverty is constant and pollution is dynamic. All Indians are struggling for existence in everyday life. Economy and Ecology are another two aspects, which exploiting the natural resources. Traditionally and technologically, people of India follow religious as well as scientific sentiments. Gap in between poor and rich are widening, inspiring controversy and increasing crime rate. Women are more vulnerable facing insecurity of life problem. Political system is always dominating aspect and acting as opportunistic, parasitic in nature. Knowledge and intelligence of Indians in mother land are vain; where as in foreign lands it is gainful. Brain drain is one more additional problem in recent years in India. Here Education system is in dilemma position and failed to empower the 60% youth in progressive direction, which is a largest in the world. Now India is suffering with falsehood and false prestige. The seventy years of independence and self-rule are fruitless more over throwing into debt nation with uncontrolled over population, poverty and pollution pang. Religion without superstitions and Science without side effects are impossible in Indian Society. In this paper researcher investigates the real life problems in India for further rectification. With a view to overcome this pathetic situation in India a new nationalistic and socialistic dimension of life-saver concept was identified namely Yogic Environmentalism [YE] which is an unique journey of humans through their interior, exterior and ulterior spheres to reach a green paradise on Earth. This paper focuses on the symbiotic and synergetic relationship in-between the concepts of ancient yoga and recent environment.

A Short Note on the Scientific Attitude, the Religious Attitude and the Surrational

Author(s): Bruno Marchal / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

We explain that the scientific attitude, with a “good understanding” of what is science, might be the most genuinely religious attitude, and that in fact, religion and science are much closer than what we are usually told. Nevertheless they cannot be identified effectively in any terrestrial applications without leading to inconsistency, but are truly, and thus non effectively, identical in the ever guessed true realm.

Eve or Evolution? The Question of the Creation of Adam and Eve as the First Humans versus the Theory That Humankind Evolved Over The Course of Millions of Years

Author(s): Eloise T. Choice / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Inherent in the Creation (“Intelligent Design”) versus the Theory of Evolution (“natural selection”) War, is the scientific belief in the millennia-long “evolution” of humankind, versus the Christian belief in the creation of the Biblical Adam and Eve circa 7,700 B.C. This article shows that there is no such thing as an “evolution” of Earth’s life forms. Over the course of millions of years, God created then, re-designed all Earth’s life forms in successive stages, which accounts for the non-linear progression of said forms and particularly of humanoids. Integrating Mitochondria DNA and archaeological evidence with Judeo-Christian and extra-Biblical texts, shows that after God created then re-designed pre-Adamic humans, He created the Biblical Adam and Eve circa 9,700 years ago during the Mesolithic Period as prototypes for present-day man. Moreover, archaeological evidence, plus Judeo-Christian and extra-Biblical texts suggest that Eve and Adam co-existed with Homo sapiens during the Mesolithic/Neolithic Periods.

Негативное проявление диалогичности в экстремистском религиозном сознании

Author(s): Tatyana Vladimirovna Izluchenko,Vyachyaslav Ivanovich Kudashov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2016

The authors investigate the intrapersonal aspect relevant to modern Russian problems of religious extremism – the formation of extremism religious consciousness. The article presents the modern philosophical and psychological concept of dialogic consciousness as a fundamental property of personality, indicated dialogic interaction and extremist ideas within religious consciousness. The aim of the article is to identify the role of dialogic process in the emergence and development of extremist ideas within religious consciousness. The peculiarities of extremist religious consciousness and the mechanisms of religious consciousness radicalization are considered as ways of dialogic consciousness manifestations. Dialogic attributes of religious consciousness are presented as the subject of the research in the context of extremist ideas formation. The authors analyze the formation of extremism religious consciousness, emphasizing the existence of prerequisites of extremist ideas in the mind of every individual, and determining the interdependence of extremism, religious and dialogic consciousness. The authors consider how extremist religious organizations justify their activities analyzing the example of such ter-rorist organization as Hizb ut-Tahrir and such international religious organizations as Nurdzhular and Al-Takfir Val-Hijra. Formation of the “We and They” policy is the key reason for joining religious extremist organizations. According to the policy of these organizations a legal punishment is presented as a tool of estimation the sincerity and dedication to the religious community, thus ensuring the integrity of the community and its resistance to the State. As a result of purposeful systemic activities of religious extremist organizations, dialogical conscious-ness is presents as a tool of setting of the individual in opposition to the outside world and representatives of different views, and searching for evidence of legitimacy of extremist organization activities.

Religious Cognition as Social Cognition

Author(s): Hans Van Eyghen / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

In this paper, I examine the relationship between social cognition and religious cognition. Many cognitive theories of religion claim that these two forms are somehow related, but the details are usually left unexplored and insights from theories of social cognition are not taken on board. I discuss the three main (groups of) theories of social cognition, namely the theory-theory, the simulation theory and en-activist theories. Secondly, I explore how these theories can help to enrich a number of cognitive theories of religion. The theories I discuss are Stewart Guthrie’s anthropomorphism, Justin Barrett’s hyperactive agency detection device, Jesse Bering’s existential theory of mind, Pascal Boyer’s minds with full strategic access and Tanya Luhrmann’s porous theory of mind. Finally, I look at how enrichment with insights from social cognition can help to combine different existing theories of religious cognition into a unified framework.

The Nature of the Created Universe

Author(s): Botond Gaál / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012