We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The aim of this study is to present a historical narrative about the god figure, which has a great place in analyzing and interpreting the history of humanity, and the boss figure, which is thought to have a follower mass and behavior pattern similar to those of gods in modern and post-modern periods. In this direction, firstly, a frame based on mythological narratives of Greek, Norse and Sumerian gods was drawn and then the position of patronage based on the beginning of the labor and production process was mentioned. Both figures have been evaluated in terms of the concept of authority, and interpreted in a systemic flow with various literature findings on gods, bosses and authority. As a result, it has been tried to produce an answer to the question of the emergence of the study "Are the bosses getting divine?".
More...
The arrival of mendicant orders into the environment of medieval towns is a complex issue compounded by a lack of relevant written sources in the Kingdom of Hungary. Solving hypotheses is therefore challenging. What cities did the mendicants choose? What was important when choosing the location for a new monastery? However, even fragments of information can be of use when solving some problems related to the establishment of mendicant monasteries. Both the direct and the comparative method will be used to look into the issue of choosing locations for the monasteries. The goal will be to attempt to clarify the strategy and ways of introducing mendicant orders into the environment of the medieval towns of the Kingdom of Hungary, with special focus on the territory of contemporary Slovakia, using all available sources. In the Middle Ages, the territory of contemporary Slovakia hosted five Dominican, about seventeen Franciscan, four Augustinian and two Carmelite monasteries. Franciscan dominance is clearly visible. They also established two convents (The Order of Saint Clare) in Trnava and Bratislava. Was this predominance coincidental or did it reflect the situation in all of the Kingdom of Hungary? A mendicant order with a certain peculiarity was the Augustinians, who were originally formed by merging hermit orders, which probably manifested itself in the establishment of the monastery in Veľký Šariš, where the original order of Williamites settled after 1256. It is also illustrated by the location of the monastery in Sátoraljaújhely. A point of interest is also the issue of mendicant monasteries in village environments, such as Hrabkov or Slovenská Ľupča. The strategy of mendicants penetrating into already established cities was a relatively complicated issue. In commercial and mining towns, pastoral activity played an important role, disrupting the usual culture with the dominant position of the town priest. But there were also attempts at civic activity, for example being involved in city hospitals.
More...
The first truly urban human culture appeared in Southwest Asia within the region of Mesopotamia, i.e. in Sumer. Although the Sumerians as an ethnic group disappeared from the historical scene just about the beginning of the second millennium BC, their civilization continued its life and development through people who had adopted it as their own – the Semitic Acadians and Amorites, followed by other inhabitants of Mesopotamia and the Middle East. By its transmission through a singular symbiosis of Judeo- Christian and Hellenic thought which had found its most authentic expression within the Christian culture of the Romioi (Byzantines) on one side, and the original traditions of Judaism and Islam on the other, the Sumerian civilization is embedded into the very foundations of the contemporary world civilization.
More...
When working thought these texts, it was found that the conceptual metaphors used, to describe faith in eternal life, were overwhelmingly positive ones. These biblical metaphors were then developed by successive Church Fathers, which helped to create a universal Christian language. In conclusion, these eschatological conceptual metaphors, related to heaven, show the unity and progressive nature of the Christian theological Tradition.
More...
The ancients’ imagination of what the afterlife looked like can be interpreted differently. This paper shows what Old Testament beliefs were about “the beyond” against the background of the universal human concept known as mundus inversus (“world upside down”). This idea is not only well suited to present some biblical texts in a wider cultural perspective, but thanks to its universal and interdisciplinary character, it can be a starting point in research for new directions in biblical interpretation. In fact, “the afterlife” is commonly perceived as a “world turned upside down”.
More...
The aim of this article is to remind us that in the light of what the Magisteriumof the Church, the Theologians and the Mystics declare, it is worth consideringthe so-called “Purgatory on Earth”, which is a conscious and voluntary processof purification from the consequences of sins, which if not fulfilled before death, willhave its completion after it, in the state called Purgatory. The article consists of threeparts, which consecutively discuss: the possibility, the nature, and the effects of theso-called “Purgatory on Earth” and it closes with a practical conclusion to encourageresponsible involvement in one’s own spiritual development.
More...
Sister Faustina Helena Kowalska (1905–1938), the Secretary of Divine Mercy discovered the richness of the eschatological mystery, showing heaven, purgatory, hell, along with the perspective of Parousia and abundance of the Communion of Saints. These truths, invariably proclaimed in the Catholic Church for centuries. Faustina not only strongly believed in them, but also experienced their realities. Her testimony is of great importance to all, both believers and people who do not admit their faith in Christ preached in the Church. The Saint lived and experienced God’s love, which is deeply reflected in the Four Last Things. So it was natural for her to experience the presence of Jesus Christ, who was for her a real, living reality she was experiencing throughout her life.
More...
The loss of a stillborn child is very serious. Parents future disappears together with the departure of the child. There is also a sense of guilt associated with their responsibility for the arisen situation. Mourning parents often need support from their closests and the Church. Supportive presence, active listening, and practical help are very important during their mourning. The funeral of a stillborn child in accordance to Church’s rules is still possible despite the fact that the child has not been baptized yet. The white vestments symbolize the child’s innocence and the Eucharist celebrated for mourning parents gives them hope that their child is in God’s hands.
More...
In Parousia, Jesus Christ is undoubtedly the central figure. However, since Parousia is the revelation of the glory of the entire Trinity, it is worth asking about the role of the remaining Divine Persons in this event. In the article, the main focus will be on the role of the Holy Spirit and its interpretation in the eschatology of Sergius Bulgakov. According to the Russian theologian, Parousia is a revelation not only of Christ’s glory, but also of the hypostatic Glory of God, i.e. the Holy Spirit, and in this way it’s the final realization of Pentecost.
More...
Among the differing Christian denominations there are various viewpoints regarding hell. This article presents differing viewpoints of the theological questions concerning hell that have been debated over the last ten years (2010–2020) in the United States in the theological arena as well as the popular press. The positions of annihilationism, universalism, and the traditional viewpoint are to be surveyed. The differing philosophical, theological and biblical viewpoints are presented for each general category. The article strives to give a general overview of the various theologies and to show that such theological investigation is of urgent importance for Christians today.
More...
The article points out some theological doubts that arise when reading the book of Fr. Dominic Chmielewski entitled Kecharitomene. Many Catholics in Poland became interested in this book. Religious literature takes an important place in the religious formation of believers. It is good, then, if Catholic authors tend to explain the teaching of the Church. Meanwhile, the content of the presented publication is not free from certain embarrassing phrases and statements that may direct the reader to the meanders of theology.
More...
The article presents the issue of prayer in the life of consecrated persons according to the teaching of Benedict XVI. According to the Pope, prayer – which is the essence of life of the people totally devoted to God – is the first important setting for learning hope, hope based on God and His promises. Consecrated persons are ministers of hope, because the relationship with Christ and the spiritual life are for them something fundamental. Their life, fulfilled with prayer and contemplation of God’s matters shall show, where and how faith and trustfulness are renewed and practiced. The prayer of consecrated persons expresses the total sacrifice to God. Being a sign of hope, it is of irreplaceable significance in the contemporary world.
More...
A hermit life is a significant honour for the Church. Currently, we can notice an increased interest in this individual form of consecrated life. Women and men go to modern deserts to stay in God’s presence and unite their lives with the Crucified Christ. Their identity have redefined after the Second Vatican Council in canon 603 of the Code of Canon Law, which singles out the theological (retreat from the world, silence of seclusion, ardent prayer, penance) and legal (individual life form, public profession of three evangelical councils and life in accordance with the personal statute) elements of hermit identities
More...
It can be said that dialogue between Christianity and Islam springs from the essence of Christianity, which is the foremost religion of dialogue. There are basic and essential differences between the religions of Christianity and Islam, which cannot be ignored, but there are also common elements which can be discussed.
More...
The history of faith has been developing religious systems within the framework of narratives based on various supernatural beings since the day human beings existed on earth. Myths are one of the concepts that nurture these elements within these belief systems that also have the characteristic of being transferred from generation to generation. The myths which are mostly inherited from unknown times in the social order lived, focusing on the creation of the world, human existence and the concept of God, hills, mountains, stones and so on has cults. These myths include the mountain cult, which is seen as the “centre of the universe” within the Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Greek and Iranian religious tradition, which provides the link between the earth and the sky. Based on the height and infinity splendour of the sky, the human being, who believes that a supreme Being exists in this space, has revealed the cult of the mountain by looking at the sky and the mountain through the eyes of blessing. In Hinduism and Buddhism, this mountain cult, which is seen as Sumeru or Meru Mountain, is especially important in the religious life system of the people who have adopted Buddhism. It is seen that the sacred mountain cult took place in the words of Sumer~Sumeru in Buddhism and Central Asia, which were adopted as a result of the Uyghurs’ relations with urban life and trade. In Central Asian Turkish Buddhism, the expression Sumer~Sumeru, which Uyghurs transferred to Turkic via Toharian A/B, means mountain standing in the center of the world gibi as in Buddhism and Hinduism. In this sense, “Sumer~Sumeru Taġ” expression, which was first seen in Buddhist texts of Old Uyghur Turkic, is a Buddhist term in the religious terminology of Turkic language. In this study, in the context of the expression “Sumer~Sumeru Taġ”, which is seen in Buddhist texts of Old Uyghur Turkic, the concept of mountain cult in sacred religions and beliefs is given and the conceptual value of this religious term seen in Old Uyghur Turkic is aimed to be put forward with these explanations.
More...