Ориентацията на ислямските надгробия – допълнителна възможност за етноконфесионални изследвания

Author(s): Lyubomir Tsonev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 16/2018

If examined in detail – by means of archaeological excavations plus objective dating techniques – аt least 20 Islamic burials (direct task of ethnology and archeology) they will create a database. A database can serve as an additional heuristic tool in the field studies (reverse task of ethnology and archeology) that aim to clarify the various ethno-confes¬sional processes occurred during the last seven centuries when the Islam attended the Balkans.

Освещаване чрез Ангелската песен: Sanctus – Benedictus – Post-Sanctus (принципи в изследването на евхаристийната ангелология на древните анафори)

Author(s): Ivan Ivanov (Kyumurdzhiski) / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2020

As this study relates to the early Christian liturgical tradition, I consider it necessary to clarify terms and problems in the following research directions: 1) The clarification of the so-called liturgical prototypes – πρωτότυποι and archetypes – ἀρχέτυποι in the context of the Eucharist on which liturgical practice and related liturgical phenomena are built and developed; 2) The prayers dedicated to the Angelic song – sanctus – benedictus – post-sanctus, as well as questions concerning their development in liturgical practices (Jewish and Christian) and their differentiation in the socalled Eucharistic angelology; 3) The influence of ancient liturgical texts containing the Angelic song in liturgical and Jewish and Christian singing practices, and the reflection on the development of the liturgical ritual in the East and in the West. Therefore, particular attention is paid to the problems associated with identifying the process of returning to the prototype and the ancient principles of the Church’s eucharistic and liturgical tradition with regard to the preserved texts, hymns and prayers of the Jewish and early Christian periods of worship in the Church. The answers are found in the texts of early Christian eucharistic prayers, biblical texts, the decisions of the Ecumenical Councils, the Apocryphal literature and the studies of contemporary scholars – these are answers that show us the truth about the sanctifying and blessing power of the Angelic song in the Eucharist of the Church in the East and in the West.

Основни аспекти поимања врлине у антрополошкој мисли Светог Јована Златоустог

Author(s): Dražen Perić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2020

The paper deals with the basic aspects of the virtue concept in the an­thropological thought of St. John Chrysostom. The work is focused, above all, on underscoring fundamental truth of the full and authentic Chrysostom’s Orthodox anthropology and spirituality. The doctrine of Chrysostom is not only exhausted by morality, virtue, habitus or habitual “imitation” of Christ, as is most commonly represented in the West. Chrysostom’s anthropological orientation makes clear that every virtue, every true imitation and service to God makes a man appropriate for union with God. However, true and genuine union with God is achieved only through the synergy of true faith and true way of life in Christ (= in the Body of Christ, in the Church), in the communion of the grace of God with the Holy Spirit. Chrysostom emphasizes that true Christian anthropological maximalism is made by the Holy Spirit as a graceful union and communal living in the love and freedom of every true believer in Christ, with the Living and True God. Thus, Chrysostom clearly underlines the virtuous-ascetic-spiritual character of his Christ-centered anthropological thought.

ОСНОВНІ НАПРЯМИ КОМУНІКАТИВНОГО ДИНАМІЗМУ У ПРОСТОРІ РЕЛІГІЙНОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ

Author(s): Olena KLYMENTOVA / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 2/2019

The features of the modern situation in Ukraine demonstrate a growth of the interest in the phenomenon of the linguistic programming of personality, which is correlated to the media, political and religious influences simultaneously. The article is devoted to the categories of communicative ethics and responsibility in the religious discourse. The main directions of renovation of religious communication in Ukraine have been stated. The effects of communicative dynamism are corresponded to the political, marketing, social functions and are represented by the religious advertisement, religious branding, religious tourism, religious naming, media activity of the Orthodox and proselyte religious groups, the different types of convergence with political values. The objects of the research are the hidden aspects of verbal religious communication. The subject of the article is renovating communicative status of religious texts. The tasks are the following: to analyze the innovative forms of communicative interactions in the modern Ukrainian religious discourse. The methodology of the research is based on the current approaches to scientific studying of linguistic suggestion. I use discourse analysis (critical) for the science qualification of interactional aspects, sociopsychological and sociocognitive characteristics, frameworks and contexts. In religious discourse, text representation has some characteristics of the independent semantic field, but in a communicative process a religious text can acquire the forms of power and control, which are used by the religious leaders and institutions. Therefore, the use of mass media channels for retranslation of religious ideas, in which the media literacy is ignored, promotes the growth of all types of verbal manipulation. In Ukraine the present-day informational situation is determined by the needs of popularisation of knowledge about existing manipulative technologies and linguistic manipulative techniques, in particular.

ОСНОВНІ ПОЛОЖЕННЯ ЩОДО ФОРМУВАННЯ ДУХОВНИХ ЦІННОСТЕЙ У СТУДЕНТІВ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ КОЛЕДЖІВ

Author(s): S. Borbych / Language(s): English,Ukrainian / Issue: 1/2015

For today a pressing question is a spiritual revival of the Ukrainian people. Therefore the question of creation of the system of values appears for every personality, for society and state. It will become basis leaning on which it is possible to put right interpersonality mutual relations, relations in the states and with the world on the whole. Education of spiritual values for the students of pedagogical colleges - it the process of purposeful both external and internal influence organized, on the spiritually-moral sphere of personality, which is the kernel of her the internal world. His indexes can be: formed of spirituallymoral values; level of development of consciousness; a reaction is on pedagogical influence; riches of spiritual queries.

Особености в календара на Енинския апостол

Author(s): Elena Kotseva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/1985

От Месопотамия до Етрополе. Трансформации на мита за гигантската космическа птица

Author(s): Ana Stoykova / Language(s): Bulgarian,Old Slavonic / Issue: 49-50/2014

The paper discusses the archaic mythological motif of giant cosmic birds that invoke the sun to rise, escort it on its heavenly way, or protect the earth from solar radiation. Tracing variants of this motif in the literary tradition (Slavonic Book of Enoch, Apocalypse of Baruch, Physiologus, etc.) points to the conclusion that it occurs in texts that originated in the form familiar to us in Greek, during the Hellenistic and Roman periods, most probably in Alexandria. It appears that sun-birds absorbed ancient ideas that passed from Sumer and Akkad through Babylon into the Hebrew apocalyptic tradition and were later combined with Greco-Roman elements. The names for the bird in the texts under anaylsis – phoenix, gryphon, halkydra – are the result of interpratatio graeca; they appear in order to “translate” the image of the cosmic bird from one culture into another. In the end, the motif, in a Christianized form, penetrated into the Byzantine tradition and, from there, into Old Slavic writing, enjoying a sustained interest through the Late Middle Ages. This case of millennial continuity points to the transplantation of an ancient mythological motif from Mesopotamia to various monotheistic cultures and its eventual adaptation into the Christian Byzantino-Slavic cultural sphere

От началото към безкрая – от първообраз към образ и отобраз – изследователски парадигми в изследването на ангелската песен в християнската химнография и пеене

Author(s): Deacon Ivan Ivanov (Kyumurdzhiyski) / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

The guiding principle utilized in the present study is the relationship and balance between the principles of faith and reason. These are methodological concepts which help to clarify the problems concerning the topic of angelic archetype (prototype) in the Liturgy and liturgical music, and they also point out the possible ways of solving them. The perception of Christian faith, its real and at the same time mystical experience for the believer, leaves a mark on ecclesiastical art (liturgical, musical and hymnographic), which praises the glory of God and His deeds for the salvation of all people. Therefore, angelic glorification is a mystical pathway towards the Creator. The liturgical hymnographic and musical heritage bears witness that the medieval authors were gifted creators of liturgical treatises, hymnographic forms and song genres. The Fathers of the Church and chanters experienced their worship of God as a creative process, as a mystical act of communion, and always emphasized faith and the knowledge necessary for both these who perform and those who listen to the “angel’s song” in the pursuit of godliness. Thus, angelic theology responds to the praise inherent in human prayer, which is present in the heart, mind and mouth of the believer. All this is made clear within the context of the Orthodox faith and the teaching of the Holy Fathers, as well as in their theological and liturgical treatises, directly related to the liturgical tradition, Eucharistic practice, the musical and hymnographic creations, as well as to the mystical perception and interpretation of the liturgical texts.

От небесен пътеводител до комерсиален вестител: за стереотипите на ангелския образ в потребителските реклами

Author(s): Reet Hiiemäe / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2016

The article represents the empirical study of the use of images of angels and their functions in consumer advertising. The aim of the study is to examine changes in the angelic image in the course of time and to question if it is possible on their basis to draw conclusions about religious beliefs and modern value understandings of the people in Estonia as well as in other countries following Western economic models. The study is based on approximately 50 ads (photographs and videos) from Estonia, Germany, France, United States, South Africa and the Philippines disseminated over the last decade. It should be noted that in many cases these are advertisements translated into many languages and it is quite difficult to identify which is their country of origin. Even more, this is definitely not the aim of the article as far as the attention is focused predominantly on the general picture which shows relative homogeneity.

От Плитон до Висарион. Философските дискусии от последните десетилетия на Византия

Author(s): Tzotcho Boiadjiev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 2016

The presented text constitutes the literary basis of my lecture given to the students of philosophy at Sofia University. Of course, the transcript only transmits schematically the actual content of the course. The living atmosphere of communicating with the audience remains unbearable. Stylistically, the text follows Étienne Gilson's recommendation to read the studied author with a pencil in hand. At the same time, he, in some way, stylized the discussed contraversion, ignoring the ecclesiastic, ideological, political, and other contexts of discussion. This is done for the sole purpose of demonstrating the philosophical substance as much as possible in the intellectual disturbances of the last decades of Byzantium. The hope is that such an "extract" will show how inherently inappropriate and misleading is the question often asked: "Is there such a thing as Byzantine philosophy?" For several years now, studies have confirmed the immanent philosophical character of Byzantine culture. This book is a modest attempt to add a few more arguments in this direction. - Tzotcho Boiadjiev

ОТ СЛОВО КЪМ ОБРАЗ: КОЯ Е ПЪРВАТА ИСИХАСТКА МАНДОРЛА?

Author(s): Rostislava Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 15/2015

Based on the complex interrelations between word and image, present paper aims to elucidate penetrating correlation of the theological thought of the time with the art of a specific epoch. Accent is putted on the Hesychasm and its influence over Byzantine iconography in the fourteenth century AD, especially what concerns the formation of a new, unusual form of mandorla, called “hesychastic”. In order to explain its rise and further development in Byzantine and Post Byzantine iconography, we will discuss the earliest few patterns of “hesychastic mandorla” from the very beginning of the century and will compare them with several subsequent examples. Central point of our research will be to find out which one is the earliest known “hesychastic mandorla”, and where this type of mandorla has emerged. Generally shared view claims that the new form has been produced firstly in Thessaloniki, in the partially survived Transfiguration mosaic of the Holy Apostles Church. Here we will proceed from the assumption that the prime model originates from Constantinople, caused by the theological and artistic milieu in the metropolis and probably found its place first in the wall paintings of the Chora Church. In order to support this hypothesis we will pay special attention to the relationships between the first and the second city in the Empire, we will discuss intervisuality between the iconographic models in both churches and will try to propound a new interpretation of the timing of the wall decorations in the Holy Apostles Church.

От танцa Сема до съдбовната среща между Руми и дервиша Шамс по пътя на Любовта

Author(s): Vyara Popova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2020

The text offers a formal and meaningful analysis of the ritual dance-prayer Sema; on this basis, the author: 1) briefly presents Sufism as a specific mystical movement in Islam, and 2) introduces expository concepts and terminology specific to Sufism. The text proceeds from the premise that Sema is a visual demonstration of Rumi's ideas, expressed in his poetry, regarding the Path, Love, and the Beloved as symbols of the relation of the human being (as created) to the Creator. Thus, the dance Sema becomes a visual-figurative cipher for the adequate reading and understanding of Rumi's mystical poetry.

Отвъд границите – някои бележки за продукцията на чипровския златарски център от средата на ХVII век

Author(s): Nona Petkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2017

Chiprovtsi was among the most important goldsmith centers on the Balkans at the end of 16th century and during 17th century. Its prosperity was based on the rich deposits of metals in the region, the Catholic orientation of considerable part of the population and the active trade of some of the local inhabitants in and outside the Ottoman Empire. The scope of the work of the local goldsmiths encompassed broad spectrum of objects for the needs of the church as well as the typical for this period hemispherical bowls. The craftsmen of Chiprovtsi were famous for their skilful applying of various goldsmith techniques and the quality of execution and as a whole their works were notable with their complex iconographic choices and low relief combined with a specific variation of orientalized floral ornamentation engraved in the backgrounds. During the mentioned period the popularity and interest in the production of Chirpovtsi goldsmith center went beyond the borders of the present Bulgarian territory and even outside the Balkan Peninsula. Some of the craftsmen executed very important orders for the big Serbian monasteries Dečani, Hopovo, Krušedol and Vrdnik. Another group of goldsmiths found a warm reception across the Danube and also received opportunity to express its creativity in silverware for the Wallachian monasteries Bistriţa, Tismana and Snagov. Among these craftsmen stands out the figure of Francesco (Franco) Markanich who in 1642 by order of the Metropolitan of Wallachia Teofil executed gilt silver Gospel cover for the Bistriţa Monastery. The subject of this paper is that work of Markanich as well as two other Gospel precious covers. Probably they were also made by goldsmiths from Chiprovtsi, but in 1656 for the Krušedol Monastery. Some of the characteristics of these book bindings are examined in the context of their ordering, the taste of the donors, current tendencies in the region and also in comparison with other famous examples of Chiprovtsi goldsmith tradition. In more general terms are traced some of the changes in the iconographic program of Gospel precious covers during the Post-Byzantine period.

Отец Пирамович и образователната реформа в Полша през XVIII век

Author(s): Christopher Lojek / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The article presents social education in the perspective of Father Grzegorz Piramowicz. It shows what is social education, what are the links between social education and religious education. It presents the life of priest Piramowicz against the background of the era, the institutions in which he acted, intellectual trends that inspired him. He presents his concept of preparing young people for participation in social life.

Отново за резбования кръст от църквата „Св. Димитър” в Свищов

Author(s): Margarita Kujumdjieva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2015

In Bulgarian literature by far this artefact was regarded as a donation of the Wallachian Prince Matei Basarab to the Holy Monastery of Iviron on Mount Athos, which is an assumption made upon an incorrect reading of the donor’s inscription. Located on the handle of the cross, the Cyrillic inscription clearly states that the cross was commissioned by the grand treasurer Stroe and his wife Vişa and was given to the Vieroş monastery in 1642 during the days of Matei Basarab. The grand treasurer Stroe was the eminent member of the Leurdeanu Boyar family and one of the most intriguing figures on the Wallachian political stage in 17th century. During his marriage to Vişa and while he was serving as a grand treasurer, Stroe Leurdeanu made do- nations for the subsistence of certain churches and monasteries related to his wife’s family. The donor inscription on the cross commissioned precisely for Vieroş monastery is the earliest evidence for Stroe’s support of this holy place. Apart from the survey on Stroe’s cross in Bulgarian and Romanian historiography, the article deals with its present day condition, possible initial function, technical and stylistic characteristics. The wooden part of the Stroe’s cross is a work of high skilled Athonite master. The closest parallel is an identical cross which has the same proportions, technical features, and similar program and iconographical details, that is today in the collection of the state Hermitage museum. In comparison to the woodcarving, the metal cover is not of the same exquisite quality and looks heterogeneous. The frame on the face and the reverse of the cross is strongly worn out and its original look was lost as a result of the sub- sequent interventions, but the part of the mount connecting the handle with the base of the cross provides opportunities for attribution evoking associations with the production of Aegean Macedonia’s craftsmen, influenced by the Greek ateliers in the capital, who were skilful to weave motifs of the Ottoman art of the time into their works. The carving was undoubtedly made by a Greek master and we can find Greek influence on its cover. These characteristics of the object are indicative of Stroe Leurdeanu’s high rank, range of contacts and preferences.

ОТНОШЕНИЕТО НА ЦЪРКВАТА КЪМ „ЧУЖДЕНЦИТЕ“ ПРЕЗ ІV И V В.

Author(s): Zlatomira Gerdzhikova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2017

The kindness to the stranger is typical for all Mediterranean societies and as part of their cultures Christianity is no exception. The kindness of Christians however is somehow different. During 4th and 5th centuries the social influence of the Church and bishops significantly increased and started to affect all segments of roman society. Among the important social changes implemented during this period was the attitude towards strangers. Few bishops played an important role in this process – St Ambrose, St. Basil the Great and St. John Chrysostom. Some of their deeds – Basil’s Basileada and Chrysostom’s relations with Goths, and standings – Ambrose’s sermon against the expulsion of foreigners from Rome, started to change social perception of foreigners and implemented changes visible even today – the establishment of hospitals and hostels.

Отношенията между държава и религиозни институции: българският случай

Author(s): Maya Grekova,Iva Kyurkchieva,Maya Kosseva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2017

The objective of this article is to outline the basic tensions in contemporary Bulgarian society concerning the intertwining of religion and secularism through the prism of relations between national state and different religious organizations and individuals.The general goal is to combine the presentation of national historical context, existing legislation and the current social debate based on anthropological fieldwork.

Охридский архиепископ Иоанн Каматир как вероятный автор славянской службы Михаилу Воину из Потуки

Author(s): Sergey Temchin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 55-56/2017

In a previous publication, the author demonstrated that the Slavonic liturgical Office for St. Michael of Potuka is a translation from а lost Greek original: reverse translation of the canon’s incipits into Greek allowed him to reconstruct, with a relative certainty, a fragment from the original Greek acrostic which contained the saint’s name ΜΙΧΑΗΛ. Using the same method in this publication, he reconstructs another fragment of the Greek acrostic, which, in the last two odes of the Canon, features the Greek name IΩΑΝΝΗΣ—apparently, the author’s name. This person may tentatively be identified as the archbishop of Ohrid John Kamateros (after 1183–1215).

ОЩЕ ВЕДНЪЖ ЗА ТРАКИЙСКИЯ ХЕРОЙ И СВ. ГЕОРГИ

Author(s): Milen Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 22/2017

The present paper researches into the relationship between the Thracian hero and St George and St Demetrius of Thessaloniki in the perspective of several reliefs of the hero in the Balkan lands. They have been placed in Christian temples dedicated to the saints, or in the proximity of the cultic topoi of the saints. These examples raise again the ambiguous question about the relation and the continuity between the Thracian hero and the saints – warriors and horsemen. Despite the iconographic resemblance and the connection between the figures, the problem lies in the fact that the iconographies of St George and St Demetrius seated on horseback and fighting against an enemy appeared a few centuries after the time of the Thracian hero. On a folklore level St George inherited a considerable part of the functions as a patron of health, vegetation and fertility, which earlier belonged to the Thracian hero, as well as the relevant religious worship. St Demetrius, who has been regarded as a twin brother of St George, forming the bipartite annual cycle, appears to be in relation with the functions of St George. On the official church level it is possible that the characteristics of the Thracian hero and the saints as warriors and noblemen have acted as a basis for bringing them closer to one another. In this sense the hero paved the way, to some extent, for the establishment of the cult of the saints concerned. The hero and the saints have been similarly perceived and represented as horsemen fighting against a certain kind of antagonist, which could have also acted as a basis for drawing them closer. Some representations of the Roman/Byzantine emperor on horseback and of St George as a warrior on foot fighting a dragon, may be treated as an intermediate stage. Anyway, if there is some kind of analogy here, it is rather in terms of form and iconography than in terms of content. We must also keep in mind that the church has been willing to assimilate the topoi of the preceding faith. The concepts of “official” and “folklore” level should be taken as pure theoretical types, which cannot cover the reality in full. Actually, the two levels are closely intertwined, which is also one of the main features of the so-called syncretic Christianity.

Още за преустройствата, етапите на изписване и опазването на църквата в манастира „Св. Йоан Рилски” край Курило

Author(s): Ivan Vanev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2018

The murals from the church at the Monastery of Saint John of Rila near Kurilo have been the object of a number of publications but the problems concerning their protection have remained outside the researchers’ attention. The article attempts to trace out the reconstructions and the works related to the protection of the church, which, together with the studies during the most recent conservation interventions, provide new data about the history of the monument. The first pieces of evidence were published by Vasil Kanchov in 1902 and they deal with the revealing of the murals and the ktetor’s inscription on the western wall and in the naos. The National Archaeological Museum in Sofia has an important contribution to the protection of the church: it led the strengthening of the building in 1940. In 1960s and 1970s the care of the monument was associated with the activity of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage. The conservation projects prepared in that period also aimed at revealing the murals of 1596 but as a matter of a conjunction of circumstances they were not realized. The projects for the building’s conservation were not realized as well. The conservation of the murals was resumed in 2012. Currently, the 1596 layer in the naos of the church is almost entirely uncovered. During the last stage of the conservation the Kostadin Valyov’s murals were also revealed on the northern part of the altar with an inscription of 1829. This discovery has important significance not only for the history of the monument but for the creative work of the painter of Samokov as well. It turns out that the discovered fragments are his earliest precisely dated wall paintings. The last conservation interventions provide new evidence about the history of the monument but also pose different ethical problems for the specialists: one of them is the protection of the already removed murals of the painter Theodor dating from the mid-19th century. At this stage of research, the question concerning Kostadin Valyov’s murals remains unsolved. They cover the 16th-century layer from the northern part of the altar and the western facade of the old church. To a great extent, these problems are related to the absence of an overall program on the church’s protection. However, there is no doubt that the studies of this important monument must continue, as well as the efforts for its preservation.