MUHYÎ-İ GÜLŞENÎ’NİN SİRET-İ MURÂD-I CİHÂN’INDA MEDENÎ HİKMET TASAVVURU

Author(s): Özkan Öztürk / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2015

The two most important representatives of the tradition of political philosophy,coming from Aristotle to Nasîruddin Tûsî are Kınalızâde Ali Efendi and Muhyî-îGülşenî in the world of Ottoman ethical-political thought. Both of them penned works that based on Ahlâk-ı Nâsırî of Tûsî. Sîret-i Murâd-ı Cihân which is a work of Muhyî-î Gülşenî, by following its previous accumulation, places the human nature in the source of practical philosophy. From this point of view, it evaluates the fundamental problem of politics as social acts of the people and as maturity processes of these acts. It refers to the necessary social organizations for the maturation of the people and to the necessary principles for the formation of these. It emphasizes that the management criteria of this city is thinking-centered by putting forward the idea of virtuous city from inside of the various community and city organizations. This study aims at clearing up how an Ottoman thinker approaches to the relationships between the ruler and the ruled from the angle of practical philosophy, layers of the society, regimes and to Gülşenî’s traces of the main themes of political philosophy.

Šejh Google kao Hafiz el-asr: internet, tradicionalna ulema i samoučenje

Author(s): Emad Hamdeh / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2020

More than any other period, the last hundred years have witnessed a rise in the accessibility of information through books, media, and the internet. This introduced new ways of learning and sharing Islamic knowledge. In this article, I consider how traditional Islamic knowledge and pedagogical techniques are challenged by the growing number of lay Muslims participating in religious discussions through print and the internet. I explain why the ʿulamā’ perceive self-learning as a threat not only to the ostensibly proper understanding of religion but also to the redefinition and reinvention of their authority. I observe how print and digital media caused a shift away from the necessity of the teacher and facilitated autodidactic learning and claims to authority. Despite their criticism of self-learning, Traditionalists have embraced the internet in order to remain relevant and to compete with non-experts.

Constantin Galeriu (1918-2003)

Author(s): Adrian Nicolae Petcu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2020

Constantin Galeriu is one of the most famous contemporary Romanian theologians, as a preacher of depth, charismatic and dedicated to the service of the altar. However, less is known about Father Galeriu's sufferings in the communist prison, which we found in the archives of the former political police and that we offer in this material.

Барт и Бердяев: религиозното значение на гения

Author(s): Nina Ivanova Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The topic of the author’s reflections is the connection between the Swiss theologian Karl Barth, one of the greatest religious thinkers of the twentieth century, and Nikolai Berdyaev, one of the greatest Russian philosophers. The common denominator between Barth, author of the multi-volume Church Dogmatics, and Berdyaev, the philosopher hostile to dogmas and systems, i.e., between two thinkers coming from vastly different intellectual traditions, is sought in a narrow theme in the philosophy of religion/theology, namely, the question of the religious significance of genius. The theme is reflected in their respective interpretations of Mozart and Pushkin. The author demonstrates the general belief that the question of human genius goes beyond the sphere of philosophy/theology of culture: genius transcends the boundaries of this world. It touches on the hereafter and reveals it to us: in this lies its religious meaning

RELIGIOUS TOURISM - BETWEEN CONTENT AND DESIRE IN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Maria Carmen Iordache / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

Tourism and religion are two increasingly interconnected notions in many cultural contexts in the future, given the popularity and flexibility of both activities. Religious tourism is the pioneering form of tourism that began almost with the beginning of mankind. Since ancient times, religious destinations have not only been a part of the cultural landscape, but have also become a vital factor in local marketing and the economy of hosted destinations. The purpose of this article is to give an outline of a metaanalysis, which reflects the key areas of the perspective of the academic impact of the connection of religion and tourism, to generate a conceptual framework that may be useful to decision-makers in the industry, to understand the effects of and dimensions of religious tourism as well as the factors that affect the growth in religious tourism.

Dailininkas Kazimieras Stabrauskas

Author(s): Kazimieras Stabrauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 106/2021

The artist Kazimieras Stabrauskas (Polish: Kazimierz Stabrowski, 1869–1929) was born in a landlord’s from Naugardukas family, in Kruplian, the Province of Grodno. After graduating from Białystok Real Gymnasium, he studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts in 1887–1894. In 1894–1897, he continued his studies in Ilya Repin‘s studio. In 1897, he studied at Julian Academy in Paris. He traveled to the countries of the Middle East including Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Tunisia. He also often visited the main cultural centers in the Western Europe. In 1903, he settled in Warsaw, where in 1904 he established the Warsaw School of Arts and headed it until 1909. During this period he closely cooperated with the members of the Young Poland (Młoda Polska) Movement, lectured to Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, published articles on theosophy and occultism, promoted the idea of the Lithuanian art exhibitions. In 1907–1912, together with his wife Julia (who was born in Kaunas) he took part in the first six Lithuanian Art Society exhibitions. He painted a lot of landscapes, fantasies, figural compositions, and many portraits of starry-eyed women. The characteristic features of his works display symbolism, neoromanticism, impressionism, modernity, fiction, allegory, expressiveness, and esotery, tinted with mystery.

Od redakcji

Author(s): Leszek Poleszak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

Editorial "Sympozjum" 1(40) (2021).

Teologiczne typy bizantyjskich ikon maryjnych

Author(s): Dariusz Klejnowski-Różycki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The Christian East is extremely diverse. Some Churches of the Christian East have developed extensive iconographic art along with the theory of this art, while others have not. The Church of Constantinople developed patterns in the field of iconography, including Marian iconography. Byzantine Marian icons can be divided into four groups: (1) Marian feasts; (2) theological icons; (3) symbolic icons; (4) liturgical icons. A characteristic feature of theological icons is the focus on the close relationship between Mary and Christ (God). These icons include the types: Kyriotissa, Hodegetria, Eleusa, Platytera. These are the most important basic icons of Mary discussed in the article.

Co nam dziś po herezji?

Author(s): Michał Rogalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2020

Błogosławiony Augustyn

Author(s): Evgenii Trubetzkoy / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2020

Ortodoksja i herezja w relacjach ludzi i zwierząt

Author(s): Anna Dietl / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2020

The discourse on the human–animal relationship has recently received wider attention in Poland. Periodicals with different ideological backgrounds have taken strong and mutually exclusive positions. This social phenomenon provides an opportunity to apply a novel theoretical approach to sociological analysis. In regard to theory, this paper shows how categories of heresy and orthodoxy can be applied beyond theology. The proposed outline of Christian heresiological discourse is used to indicate aspects worth considering in analyses of the changing relationships between humans and animals. In particular, the focus is on how people present themselves and their doctrine as orthodox while viewing their opponents as heretics holding heretical principles. The empirical analysis covers the special issues on animals published by influential Polish periodicals between 2017 and 2019. These periodicals (Newsweek Polska, Polonia Christiana, and Tygodnik Powszechny) were chosen for their different world-views. The paper demonstrates how relationality, inherent in the heresy–orthodoxy pair of concepts, allows to bring out contradictory narratives regarding the postulated way of perceiving animals and shaping human–animal relationships. The paper provides an in-depth analysis of the present conflicting views and spill-over effects, as well as of the dynamic process of recognising these views as true or false. Considering the heresiological discourse makes it possible to better understand the competition for cultural dominance.

Појам бесконачности и принцип довољног разлога у оквиру космолошког аргумента

Author(s): Siniša Simić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2019

In this paper I will discuss the notion of infinity (that is, the notion of infinite causal series) and the principle of sufficient reason, to determine the plausibility of cosmological argument. The problem of infinity started with Philoponus’ critique of Aristotle’s theses of the eternity of the world and impossibility of actual infinity. In a section about historical context I will present few interesting arguments. After I discuss some crucial points of these arguments, I will try to defend the principle of sufficient reason from classical objections, and then answer the question ‘Does the cosmological argument fulfill the requirements of the principle of sufficient reason?’. I think that we are witnessing the growth of cosmological argument due to theoretical and scientific improvements, and significant cosmological researches of today

Confessional Polyvariance of Christian Apocalyptic: Common and Distinctive Features

Author(s): Maria Bardyn / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The twentieth century was a time of active expansion of Christian culture throughout the world. The Catholic and some Protestant churches resorted to this. This culture, becoming global, accommodated, and united a large number of cultural and religious minorities. At the same time, promoting its uniqueness, it could not always confirm her identity.One of the characteristic features of the development of the modern world is an increased scale of events, greater internationalization of social processes, and their tendency to become global. Based on all modern problems, in the sense of their understanding and solution, Christian globalism were formed as a component of the doctrine of Christian denominations, which includes a full range of different concepts and ideas that reflect the typical human problems of modern civilization.Since Christian eschatology is confessionally multivariate, it makes sense to explore both the characteristics common to all denominations and specific to some of them, as well as to identify transformational models and forms of adaptation of eschatological ideas to today's realities.The actualization of the problem of moral-ethical and social aspects of Catholic eschatology, Christological-apocalyptic visions of Orthodox eschatological teaching, and the apocalyptic-prophetic character of Protestant eschatology in their transformational manifestations was designed to impart on the paper both theoretical and socio-practical significance.

Cărţi şi biblioteci în protopopiatul Reghin la început de secol XX

Author(s): Beatrice DOBOCZI / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2002

D`abord de XX-ème siècle, dans les paroisses orthodoxes de l´Archidiocèse Orthodoxe Reghin les bibliothèques laïques étaient très insignifiants. En 1906 éxistaient quelques bibliothèques scolaires qui avaient un total de 314 livres. En 1912 la plus importante bibliothèque paroissiale était en Săcalul de Pădure, où étaient 300-400 de livres. En l´année suivant dix paroisses orthodoxes avaient bibliothèque. La plus grande bibliothèque était en Săcalul de Pădure; ici les livres étaient au nombre de 430.En 1913 s´ont fondé les bibliothèques scolaires en Săcalul de Pădure (150 de livres) et en Deleni (73 de livres). Ces livres étaient de litterature, d´économie et d´histoires pour les enfants.Les plus lues et les plus importantes restaient les livres ecclèsiastiques. En 1911 le curé de paroisses orthodoxes Aluniş et Vălenii de Mureş communique les livres existaient dans les deux églises. En l´église de Aluniş étaient 15 livres; les plus anciens étaient de XVII-ème siècle. L´église de Vălenii de Mureş avait neuf livres; le plus ancien etait de 1728. Les documents utilisés pour cette étude proviennent parmi le fond documentaire L´Archidiocèse Orthodoxe Roumaine Reghin, conservé à l´Archives Nationales – la Direction Départementale Mureş.

Настанак Септуагинте

Author(s): Boris Fajfrić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2013

The Septuagint is a Greek translation of the Bible that was created at the time of Ptolemy II Philadelph, by the request of the Jews from Alexandria. The main reason for creation was that the Jews of Egypt forgot Aramaic language, which is why they could not understand the words of the law which read in the synagogues in Aramaic. The source that speaks of the Septuagint is Aristeаs letter, literary fiction, whose goal was to accept the Greek translation of an official and prove that the true original. The majority of scholars doubt the authenticity of the letter and agree that the Pentateuch was created first, and then other books.

Драго камење мудрости: 350 година од рођења Блеза Паскала (1623–1662)

Author(s): Zoran Andrić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2012

Ненад Ристовић: Хришћанство и античко наслеђе: студије и чланци

Author(s): Blagoje Pantelić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-3/2010

Transfer of consciousness

Author(s): Tudor Cosmin Ciocan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Ancient beliefs such as astral projection, human possession, abduction and other similar are not only universal, taught by all religions, but also used as premises for core believes/expectations, such as after-life, eternal damnation, reincarnation, and many others. Transferring Consciousness to a Synthetic Body is also a feature of interest in our actual knowledge, both religious as for science. If immortality were an option, would you take it into consideration more seriously? Most people would probably dismiss the question since immortality isn’t a real deal to contract. But what if having eternal life was a possibility in today’s world? The possibility of the transfer of human consciousness to a synthetic body can soon become a reality, and it could help the world for the better. Thus, until recently, the subject was mostly proposed by religion(s) and saw as a spiritual [thus, not ‘materially real’ or ‘forthwith accomplishable’] proposal therefore not really fully engaged or trust if not a religious believer. Now, technology is evolving, and so are we. The world has come to a point where artificial intelligence is breaking the boundaries of our perception of human consciousness and intelligence. And with this so is our understanding about the ancient question ‘who are we?’ concerning consciousness and how this human feature sticks to our body or it can become an entity beyond the material flesh. Without being exhaustive with the theme's development [leaving enough room for further investigations], we would like to take it for a spin and see how and where the religious and neuroscience realms intersect with it for a global, perhaps holistic understanding. Developments in neurotechnology favor the brain to broaden its physical control further the restraints of the human body. Accordingly, it is achievable to both acquire and provide information from and to the brain and also to organize feedback processes in which a person's thoughts can influence the activity of a computer or reversely.

Irony and heroism:

Author(s): Maksim Prikhodko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

In the article we investigate the Christian –pagan polemic of Origen’s treatise “Contra Celsum”in fragment 7.53-58, where the problem of the correlation of irony and heroism reveals the contrast between false and true deeds, for which divine honours are given. The irony that Celsus uses to attack Christians serves as a kind of “divide” that marks acontrast between pagan ideas about heroism, as a principle of deification of people, and the principles on which, from Celsus’ point of view of, Christians consider Jesus to be God. A special subject of the article is Celsus’ reflection on the ironic motive of the Book of Jonah, the story of the gourd (Jonah 4, 5-11), and the salvation of the prophet Daniel from the lion's den (Dan. 6, 16-23). Origen’s response to Celsus’ speech shows a certain similarity to the text of a pagan author in structural, stylistic and lexical aspects. Such factor reveals a rhetorical content of the response of Origen. In the field of rhetorica, Origen uses irony against his opponent: pagan heroes and philosophers now appear funny or not serious enough, whereas the Old Testamentprophets are revealed as genuinely great and as a source of miracles. In light of this, Origen’s response to Celsus replaces Celsus’ ironic allusion to the gourd story from the fourth chapter of the Book of Jonah with the first verse of the second chapter, which opens the episode of Jonah’s stay in the belly of the whale. An analysis of this substitution, based on the hermeneutic principles of Origen, shows the role of Biblical irony as a specific aspect of the spiritual meaning of the sacred text. It is hypothesized that the essence of this specificity is the creation of a contrast that sets any feat of any person in the light of the historical life of Jesus Christ, who completely and exceptionally realized God’s providence. This reveals a pattern or principle of going beyond the limits of human virtue to the sphere of divine being. To compare any feats with the earthly life and the death of the Saviour renders the opposition of ironic and heroic no longer a contrast between false and true: any heroism, even the exploits of the Old Testament prophets, becomes ironic / ridiculous. Thus Origen’s Christian irony is not only an instrument of rhetorical discourse, but a philosophical and literary device that allows transcending, or elevating to an unattainable level, the heroism of the life and death of the Saviour.

The Staining of Feminine Innocence in Ancient Abrahamic Texts

Author(s): Silviu Lupaşcu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

Beside the midrashic purpose, the illusory staining of Bathenosh’s and Sarai’s feminine innocence in the Dead Sea Scrolls opened new ground for captatio benevolentiae, as it revisited the archaic history with a new feeling of drama, tragedy and redemption. In On the Origin of the World, the scene which includes the rape of the earthly likeness of Eve by the archons reveals the high intensity of the divine-cosmic-human drama implied by the Gnostic Myth of Light and Darkness, by ontological and Gnostic continuities which permeate the narrative concerning Eve of Zoe or Eve of Life and her earthly likeness with the tragedy of redemptive knowledge, of redemption through gnosis at the core of Gnostic cosmology and anthropology. The tragic blend of light-soul and darkness-body in the structure of human being is thus enframed in the explanation of the origin of evil in the universe, offered by the Gnostic system of thinking. The portrayal of Mary in the Christian Gospel or the Muslim “Gospel” and in the Toledot Yeshu as a Jewish anti-Gospel, as well as the portrayal of Aisha bint Abi Bakr in the Quran and in the defamatory writings authored by the Rafidah, indicate the staining of feminine innocence as a focal topic during the polemical-theological encounters of the Abrahamic religions through counter-history and counter-narratives. From the hermeneutic perspective of counter-history, some of the alpha female characters of the Abrahamic sacred texts may be scape-goated at the crossroads of the Abrahamic religious realms, with the purpose of being identified by various human powers as symbolic lightning-rods of inter-religious hate and revenge, as a consequence of intensifying religious and political conflicts or confrontations opposing the Abrahamic religious communities.