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In this article Prof. Palangurski is reviewing the political history in modern Bulgaria - from the Liberation in the late 19th century till early 20th century.
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The article deals with an episode in the history of Soviet folkloristic, namely a prohibition of certain genres of folklore. In 1920s there occurs a boom of recording modern urban folklore, but in 1930s the recorded texts were destroyed or concealed in restricted folklore storage of large research institutions. Based on archival materials the article draws conclusions of the reasons for recording unfavorable (criminal, heroic, political) texts and the reasons for placing them into the restricted storage (“spetskhran”). The article is appended with published documents stored in Petersburg archives.
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This article deals with the conservation, preservation and socialization of tangible and intangible cultural heritage of Muslims in Bulgaria during the accession of Bulgaria to the structures of the CoE and the EU (1990s – 2014). Basic approach in the text is the viewpoint of Cultural Heritage Science. Using the method of analysis of public policies through best practices, different aspects of preservation and conservation of the Muslim cultural heritage (places of worship, public buildings and ensembles, literary and documentary heritage, mother tongue, and social practices) are considered. The article focuses on two main issues: introduction of the European legal framework in the country, and the European structural and investment funding. An assessment of the use of EU funds in order to finance the preservation, conservation and socialization of Muslim cultural heritage is done.
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Based on an analysis of pop cultural representations – the reality television show Serce z węgla [Heart of Coal, 2001] and the feature film Benek [Benek, 2007] – Kosterka examines the visualization of post-transformation Upper Silesia in 21st-century Polish film. She draws on psychoanalysis to explore why Upper Silesia has become attractive especially to those directors who aim to highlight the negative consequences of the socio-economic transformations after 1989: poverty, unemployment, frustration and a lack of perspective. The aim of this article is to draw readers’ attention to the fact that in 21st-century representations, Upper Silesia is mostly understood, visualized and spoken about as a space of ‘wilful exclusion,’ which has helped solidify the post-transformation status quo.
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Subject of research is the activity of Amirdovlad Amasiatsi in Plovdiv. He is among encyclopedic figures in the Ottoman Empire during the in its expansion in the Balkans in the XV century. Its activity is reflected in official documents and original medical works. The new read activities of Amasiatsi aims not only to promote a medieval physician and pharmacologist working in the Bulgarian lands, but whose works reveal scientific and cultural trends imposed during XV – XVII century. The activity of Amasiatsi consider three aspects that represent three separate research tasks – the role of Amasiatsi as a physician and scientist in the specific historical conditions in the Balkans, focusing on its activities in the region of Plovdiv and placing this work in the context of trends imposed in called. «Dark ages» – the destruction of the Christian intelligentsia, the collapse of education and scientific knowledge depersonalization of culture. Positive trends are striving to defend the faith, creation of literature in spoken language, care for the education of students – future healers and pharmacologists. In this sense, what Amasiatsi in Plovdiv is an expression of moral, ethical and human values inherent in the spirit of the Hippocratic medicine scientific medical school in Constantinople.
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This paper for the first time explores the religious ties between Russian and Ottoman Muslims. It is a pilot project, a draft of the future, more deep and complete, investigation. We tried to demonstrate the connections and fates of some persons during the loss of the historical leadership by the Ottoman Empire in the Black Sea since the end of the 17th century. The purpose of our study is to show the dynamics and significance of these personalities in the Islamic centers, such as the Anatolian Peninsula, Egypt, and Hijaz, as well as the specificity of religious contacts between the extreme northern and extreme western parts of “Dar al-Turk” (World of Turks). Our data are based on the information of Tatar biographical encyclopedias published in Arabic, Old Tatar, and Tatar. We studied only one area of contacts: the social status and worldview of imams from Russia (mainly Tatars) in the above-mentioned foreign lands. Since the Ottoman Empire was the only “window to the Ummah” for Tatar Muslims, it became associated with some kind of myth of “unmissed” opportunities for self-expression, without substantially changing religious views and only slightly “adjusting” national identity. This idea can be found in the religious works written by Tatar Muslims after 1552. The Ottoman Empire became a platform for implementation of the educational and socio-political plans of both Sufi and progressive kind. The success and adaptation of Tatar imams depended on their positive attitude, energy, as well as willingness and readiness to solve the new challenges. Among close but little investigated areas concerning the Ottoman-Tatar religious contacts, there are the problems of popularity of medieval Ottoman religious literature among the Tatars based on the manuscripts and printed sources, reception of the all-Muslim (Quranic and Hadith-based) features in the Ottoman (Turkish) and Tatar cultures, actual functioning of Islam (“Muslimness”) in Turkish and Tatar regions, as well as spiritual and material tradition of both nations.
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HOŘEJŠ, MILOŠ – KŘÍŽEK, JIŘÍ. ZÁMEK S VŮNÍ BENZÍNU : AUTOMOBILY A ŠLECHTA V ČESKÝCH ZEMÍCH DO ROKU 1945; OTČENÁŠOVÁ, SLÁVKA – ZAHORÁN, CSABA (EDS.). SHIFTING DISCOURSES ON CENTRAL EUROPEAN HISTORIES; SOUKUPOVÁ, BLANKA – STAWARZ, ANDRZEJ (EDS.). MÝTUS – „REALITA“ – IDENTITA : NÁRODNÍ METROPOLE V ČASE „NÁVRATU DO EVR OPY“; SPURNÝ, MATĚJ. MOST DO BUDOUCNOSTI : LABORATOŘ SOCIALISTICKÉ MODERNITY NA SEVERU ČECH;
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Soon after the collapse of communism in Romania the period of the Second World War became the focus of heated debates with two intertwined issues related to it, namely – the personality of the wartime leader Marshal Ion Antonescu and the topic of the Holocaust. The article traces the emergence and evolution of these debates, while also paying attention to the way in which the European and Euro-Atlantic perspective of the country affected the memory of these particular issues. It comes to the conclusion that the memory of the Second World War was somehow “negotiated” and suited to fit the present-day necessities of post-communist Romania and raises doubts whether the outside pressure on Romania’s revisiting this dark chapter of its history wasn’t in a way counterproductive, leaving the possibility of the existence of two parallel versions of the past – one for internal and one for external use.
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The aim of the communication is to present the different manners utilized in contemporary Bulgaria for facing the painful problem of the participation of Bulgarian authorities in the deportation of the Jews from Thrace and Macedonia during World War II. On the basis of examples from the historiography, textbooks, literature, cinema, museums, memorials and public debate are discussed the difficulties in the construction of one common and indivisible memory on events connected to the theme of responsibility and guilt, throwing the long shadow of the past on the actuality.
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There are three basic principles of Karl Marx’s theory of traditional socialism: the elimination of private ownership and the bourgeois, the abandonment of market economy. In spring of 1921 Soviet Russia began to implement the New Economic Policy (NEP), which had contradiction with the three principles of traditional socialism due to the use of market economic mechanisms: 1. Market economy=capitalism? 2. Socialism=public ownership? 3. Private owners and managers=bourgeois=should be eliminated? Lenin only had a half theoretical innovation on the topic of whether market economy=capitalism, leaving the two and a half theoretical questions, the market economy is still considered as capitalism, the NEP had been cast away. After China Socialism Market Economic Reforms in 1978, Chinese government made a systematic theoretical innovation to two and a half theoretical questions left by Lenin. Thus, Chinese market economy got legitimate socialistic identity, and from then on it developed rapidly. However, systematic theoretical innovation needs to pay cost. Chinese Cultural Revolution started in 1966, which continued a decade made China pay the cost of comprehensive unrest in all areas of society. Finally, “the road of Cultural Revolution can not be allowed to continue” that almost became the consensus of all people and Communist Party of China, which provided a thorough preparation for carrying out a systematic theoretical innovation. In comparison, Soviet War Communism was a partial crisis occurred in the economic sphere and peasantry, so it became a wide consensus of Soviet Communist Party and society to continue to still follow the traditional road of socialism, resulting in the lack of conditions for theoretical innovation.
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The transformation (or transition) in East-Central Europe was one of the major events in human history in the twentieth Century. During the past 20 years, Chinese intellectuals have normally been focusing in a macro view on the synthetic study on the transformation in East-Central Europe. The study has four following distinct features: excessive academic papers on the fixed time study and review, abundant academic works, identical topics on study, notable limitations. Comparing with paying attention to the overview of study on East-Central Europe, the Chinese intellectuals have fewer achievements in the study on individual countries, and in the study field of the transformation in Bulgaria, it has three following features: few achievements, gradually progressive study, and gradually widened topics.
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The current focus of Bulgarian foreign policy is the “separation from Russia and joining Europe,” joining the “Europe-Atlantic” system. It will deal with the formation of the “big space” of Russian geopolitics. For Bulgaria it is necessary to balance the interests of Russia, the US and find a better initial position to protect its own security and interests. As a “geopolitical center”, in front of big countries Bulgaria is often in a passive position, but Bulgaria still has a chance to occupy a dominant position, and therefore it only needs to take flexible, careful and practical diplomatic policies.
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This research deals with the problems of Bulgarian agriculture during the first two years of transition to democracy and market economy, namely: the state of agriculture in the late 1980's, the attempts at reform in the recent years of Todor Zhivkov’s rule, the ideas for solving the agrarian question submitted by the Bulgarian Socialist Party and the Union of Democratic Forces, the development of the agrarian question in the second half of 1990.
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The goal of this article is to examine how different events and phenomena related to the Second World War and the Holocaust are framed via Wikipedia articles written in Polish, Hebrew and English. Departing from the pillars of the theory of framing in mass media, the article conducts a content analysis of three articles, in three different languages. The articles under analysis are the following: “Auschwitz-Birkenau Camp”, “The Pogrom in Jedwabne”, and “Righteous Among the Nations”. The analysis will use the four roles of frames as categories, determined by Entman: definition of the problem/phenomenon, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and treatment recommendation. Analyzing how the articles fulfill each of the roles in the different languages, the research hypothesis is that the framing of the phenomena will differ between the versions, and each version will follow pillars of the collective memory of the Holocaust in its respective country. Findings, however, are not in complete compliance with this hypothesis.
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Post-communist landscapes are undergoing continuous process of transformations, more dynamically than many others types of cultural landscapes. One interpretation is followed by another reinterpretation; from the early festive anti-communist cleansings, thought discreet minor re-interpretations, infused by local and national political transformations, to contemporary ‘deep peeling’ or second wave of landscape purges. It looks like, contrary to the progressive van Gennep model of liminality, tradition oriented Polish society has been stacked up in a liminal limbo, unable or/and unwilling to go further and forget or assimilate the real or alleged communist landscapes. Since the 2016 election and the rise of populist-right powers, the Polish landscape has been haunted by the ghosts of communist past and it became clear that the past is still lives here now. New landscape modes of interpretations has been imposed and the spectre of communism, as Marx said almost 170 years, is still haunting over Central and Eastern Europe.
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HORIZON 2020 MARIE SKŁODOWSKA-CURIE, INNOVATIVE TRAINING NETWORK, EUROPEAN JOINT DOCTORATE PROGRAMME URBANHIST. HERITAGE AND GENEALOGY. THE CONFERENCE OF YOUNG HISTORIANS VI : MIGRATION PROCESSES IN EUROPE’S HISTORY. CRISIS OR THE DAWN OF CIVILIZATION? FACTS, INTERPRETATIONS, MEMORY – WORKSHOP FOR THE STUDENTS OF HISTORY. CURRENT RESEARCH QUESTIONS OF THE MINORITY POLICY AND ETHNIC RELATIONS IN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURY. PRICE OF VICTORY”. ABDUCTED CITIZENS FROM SLOVAKIA AND NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES INTO THE USSR IN THE YEARS 1944 – 1945.
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VAJDA, BARNABÁS – GAUCSÍK, ISTVÁN (EDS.). VÁROSTÖRTÉNETI FEJEZETEK A CSEHSZLOVÁK SZOCIALIZMUS KORÁBÓL : AZ URBANIZÁCIÓ FORMÁI DÉL-SZLOVÁKIÁBAN. DZURIKANINOVÁ, NIKOLETA (ED.). VOJENSKÉ KONFLIKTY V DEJINÁCH EURÓPY. STRETNUTIE MLADÝCH HISTORIKOV V. ČOVAN, MIROSLAV. HISTORICKÉ NÁPISY ZO ŠARIŠA DO ROKU 1650. CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM SLOVACIAE 1. NÁPISY NA SLOVENSKU. LAURENCE, RAY. ŘÍM V ROCE 300 N. L. – TURISTICKÝ PRŮVODCE PO STAROVĚKÉM SVĚTĚ. TATRANSKÝ, ADAM. STOROČIE KOŠICKÝCH ELEKTRIČIEK, 1913 – 2013. GLEJTEK, MIROSLAV – LABANC, PETER. CVIČENIE Z HISTORICKEJ CHRONOLÓGIE : SPÔSOBY DATOVANIA V STREDOVEKOM UHORSKU. GLEJTEK, MIROSLAV – LABANC, PETER. CVIČENIA ZO STREDOVEKEJ LATINSKEJ PALEOGRAFIE : UHORSKÉ LISTINNÉ PÍSMO V 13. - 16. STOROČÍ.
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