Rebecca Friedman. Modernity, Domesticity and Temporality in Russia: Time at Home
Review of: Rebecca Friedman. “Modernity, Domesticity and Temporality in Russia”: Time at Home. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020. 223 pp. ISBN 9781350112438.
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Review of: Rebecca Friedman. “Modernity, Domesticity and Temporality in Russia”: Time at Home. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020. 223 pp. ISBN 9781350112438.
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The article discusses the demonstrations and rallies and the sometimes accompanying riots that took place in 1920–1939 in Toruń. The author presents why riots took place in Toruń, who participated in them and what consequences they brought about.
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The article’s primary purpose is to present the circumstances of the murder of Władysław Mróz, an officer of the Department I of the Polish Ministry of the Interior, committed on 27 October 1960 in Paris. Captain Mróz, being an ‘illegal’, disclosed intelligence secrets to the French counterintelligence authorities. He was murdered without legal proceedings. Being a communist crime, this act is not time-barred.
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Review of: Роберт Аргенбрайт. “Москва строящаяся. Градостроительство, протесты градо-защитников и гражданское общество”. Пер. с англ. А. Рудаковой. Санкт-Петербург: Academic Studies Press, 2021. 319 с. ISBN 9785604614846.
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The subject of analysis is the Polish-Italian film cooperation in 1971–1980. The article aims at a synthetic presentation of its course in the context of political and historical conditions of interstate cultural relations. The analysis covers the literature on the subject, specialist press, and archival documents to reflect the various forms of film cooperation.
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The article is a comparative analysis of the ways of explaining the victory of the Party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice) in the European elections in Poland in 2019, offered to the public in traditional and electronic media. The research hypotheses relating to the topic were verified through a critical assessment of the texts published in selected representative newspapers – dailies and weeklies, as well as their websites (so-called online press services).
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The text reviews Andrzej Zaćmiński’s latest book devoted to the elections to the Sejm of the Polish People’s Republic of the first term held on 26 October 1952 and the election campaign that preceded them. The review’s author generally has a high opinion of the monograph. However, he puts forward some polemical remarks concerning assessing the credibility of the official voting results, the description of the role played by the communist-controlled National Front and the assessment of the involvement of various persons and entities in the election campaign.
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Oricine vizitează oraşul Bacău ramine plăcut impresionat de aspectul său modern, deschis, cu străei largi şi blocuri înalte, chiar dacă dimensiunea sa teritorială îl clasează printre oraşele mijlocii ale ţării, fiind în schimb, ca o compensaţie, printre primele centre economice româneşti.
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Іn the context of іnternаtіonаl lаw аnd іnternаtіonаl relаtіonѕ, the Vаtіcаn Ѕtаte іѕ а true "coіncіdentіа opoѕіtorum"1 , а ѕmаll terrіtorіаl but іmportаnt аnd іnternаtіonаlly recognіzed аctor through the Cаtholіc Church, whіch іt repreѕentѕ. However, few people know thаt the ѕаme terrіtory repreѕentѕ, ѕіmultаneouѕly, not one but two аctorѕ of іnternаtіonаl lаw: the Vаtіcаn Ѕtаte аnd the Holy Ѕee (the іnternаtіonаl perѕonіfіcаtіon of the Cаtholіc Church іn іnternаtіonаl relаtіonѕ). Even іf both entіtіeѕ аre ruled by the Ѕovereіgn Ponfіt (Pope), they do not іnterfere or replаce eаch other. Crіtіcіѕmѕ of the Cаtholіc Church ѕuch аѕ thoѕe relаted to fіnаncіаl іnveѕtmentѕ or the Vаtіcаn Bаnk would ѕeem juѕtіfіed іf we dіd not know thіѕ ѕepаrаtіon аnd the fаct thаt the bаnk belongѕ to the Vаtіcаn Ѕtаte аnd not to the Holy Ѕee. For theѕe reаѕonѕ, іn the followіng we wіll аnаlyze theѕe two entіtіeѕ both from the poіnt of vіew of theіr hіѕtory, but eѕpecіаlly of the clаrіfіcаtіon of the functіonѕ аnd roleѕ they plаy on the іnternаtіonаl relаtіonѕ ѕcene.
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The paper analyses the issue of a fight against the bourgeois legends about the foundation of Czechoslovakia in 1918. It uses the example of a Slovak historian Ľudovít Holotík and his book Štefánikovská legenda a vznik ČSR. It also focuses on the changes experienced in the period 1960–1968 by the Czech and Slovak historian communities and historiographies describing the First World War and the fight by Czechs and Slovaks for an independent country. In the period following the assumption of power by the Communists in February 1948, the fight against the bourgeois legends about the foundation of Czechoslovakia was one of the main tasks of the official Czechoslovak historiography. Book and journal production devoted to this subject culminated in 1958 with a book by a prominent Slovak historian Ľudovít Holotík Štefánikovská legenda a vznik ČSR. Its author set out to prove the claim that the work of M. R. Štefánik (and the whole Czechoslovak resistance abroad) during the First World War could not lead to the liberation of Czechs and Slovaks from the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. The book received a lot of positive responses from Holotík’s colleagues at the time it was published, but in the changing political and social climate of the 1960s it was subjected to sharp criticism. The disapproval culminated during the Prague Spring of 1968. Holotík became gradually isolated and so did his colleagues, who in the new climate refused to uphold their reviews from ten years before. Due to the public pressure, Holotík had to resign from his post as the director of the Institute of History of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in October 1968.
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The publication includes documents on the history of the public organization IMRO – UMS (Union of Macedonian Societies). The organization originated from the Union of Macedonian Cultural and Educational Societies in Bulgaria, restored in 1990, and lasted until the end of the 1990s, when the political party IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement was established on its basis. The documents show the official position of IMRO – UMS on the Macedonian issue and its efforts to defend the rights of the Bulgarians in the newly created after the break-up of communist Yugoslavia independent Republic of Macedonia (now Northern Republic of Macedonia).
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L'étude présente la personalità de Neculai C. Enescu (1893-1971) - ilustre maître de l'école et recherecheur sur les problèmes de l'école roumaine, injustement tombé dans l'oubi.
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Există din totdeauna în comunităţile umane trăitoare oameni şi oameni. Unii, cu un caracer mai individualist, care-şi măsoară eforturile raportat la propriile interese, manifestând un mai scăzut grad de sociabilitate, fără a se implica prea mult în dezvoltarea de ansamblu a Cetăţii în care trăieşte, alţii, preocupaţi în egală măsură sau chiar mai mult, de binele obştesc, în care se include, desigur, şi binele personal.
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The article examines the views of one of the most authoritative officials at the turn of the 19th– 20th centuries on the subject of constructing his own image of a public politician in memoir reflection. The main sources are Sergei Witte’s “Memoirs”, unpublished archival materials stored in the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA) and the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI), and periodical press materials. The methodological basis of this study is the interdisciplinary research paradigm of the performative turn. The results of a comparative analysis of the images of S. Witte during different periods of his government service are discussed. A significant difference is revealed in the self-presentation of S. Witte as the Finance Minister and as the Prime Minister. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the author’s tactics in the struggle for his own positive reputation in the public political space of the Russian Empire. The questions related to nuances of S. Witte’s appointments and resignations to the positions on civil service presented by him in the extremely subjective optics are considered. It is concluded that the author of the memoirs seeks to strengthen the positive components of his own image, constructs a reputation for himself as an outstanding civil servant, the “Savior of Russia” who surpassed the managerial talents of other statesmen. At that point, S. Witte tried to dissociate from the image of a power lover widely spread in the public opinion. Describing the short period of his premiership, the memoirist presents himself as a victim of general bullying, which did not allow him to fully realize his managerial abilities. Depending on external conjunctures, S. Witte built his own image through victimized narrative, alternative view of the situation or strengthening of his own positive characteristics.
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The aim of this article is to show the transformation of cyclic forms of Polish reporting due to the expansion of new media technologies. This analysis is directed by the concept of cycle as a collection of autonomous, though correlated partial narratives published in the appointed order at a certain place and time. This mechanism is examined in the diachronic perspective on the example of selected reporting accounts, discussed in three depictive parts. The first one illustrates the development of the press series of reporting, printed similar to serialised novels in newspapers and magazines at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. The second portion of the article concerns the phase in which journalistic cycles have evolved as a result of integrating the internet and turning into a convergence experience. The final section of the article contains an overview of cyclic genre innovations, that have developed in social media as an alternative to conventional methods of documenting facts. The distinguished tendencies allow for a thesis that literary reporting is gradually being replaced by more broadly understood reporter’s intention which reveals itself in accounts created through different codes and media platforms.
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Contemporary changes of liberal democracy affect different countries of the world. The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia, known as the Visegrad Group countries (V4), are among them. Although the countries seemed to be on a good way to consolidated democracy, about a decade ago the first symptoms of deterioration of liberal democracy became apparent. In the text, attention is focused on the institutional level, which should resist certain challenges in mature democracies. The institutions in V4 were weak and liable to be subordinated by strong political leaders and populist parties, and not strong enough to fight off illiberal tendencies. The analysis reveals that Poland and Hungary were more prone to compromise liberal democratic achievements, while the Czech Republic and Slovakia less so. This paper answers the questions of the institutional causes behind the deterioration of liberal democracy and the effects it brings.
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The article deals with the effects of the so-called ‘Winter of the Century’ of 1979 on the example of the Lubusz Land in a broad national context. The conditions in the country and the region were analysed in various domains of economic and social life: transport and communication, the energy and heating systems, trade and supply, and also in relation to industrial and agricultural problems. The then authorities’ incompetence was emphasised as a result of political system weaknesses, leading to numerous failures and organisational chaos.
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The rebuilding of the Polish state after World War I was accompanied by a quantitively significant number of returns to the country. One of the re-emigration streams was created by an influx of Polish optants from Germany, i.e. ethnic Poles who had decided to take up Polish citizenship under the Versailles Treaty. The principal area of emigration was the Ruhr region. The purpose of this paper is to examine the demographic structure of the people who made up this migration stream in its late phase (1925). The analysis is based on lists of optants which were drawn up for the purpose of statistical grouping and showing the optants’ spatial distribution. The research concerns a population of 1,727 people included in the source. In addition to aggregate and cartographic methods, the paper also uses the comparative method based on the available data for other areas in the state of Prussia. The research helps describe the population of Polish optants in the Ruhr area in terms of their spatial distribution, professions, feminisation, type of migration, household forms, fertility, and anthroponyms.
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The paper discusses the transfer of refugees – citizens of the Second Polish Republic – carried out by the Third Reich and the USSR in the spring of 1940. It presents the circumstances of the German-Soviet pact (in the context of population transfers arranged by both sides, including Germany’s recovery of Volksdeutsche from the former Polish Eastern Borderlands at the turn of 1939/1940), the process of transferring the refugees, and the statistics. The aim of the paper is to verify and supplement the body of knowledge on this issue compiled thus far.
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The paper discusses the relations between directors of enterprises and supervising provincial committees of the Polish United Workers’ Party in the years 1971–1974. The issue in question is studied on the basis of documents from four provincial committees of the Polish United Workers’ Party (Katowickie Province, Warszawskie Province, Lubelskie Province, and the City of Warsaw). Using the agency theory, the authors distinguish the main problems and costs arising in the relations between secretaries of provincial committees and directors in the context of the principal–agent relationship. The analysis of the assembled source material allows the authors to define the methods used by the directors when explaining difficulties in implementing investment projects. Among these are manipulating data, covert operations, and actions aimed at giving themselves credibility. The authors conclude that the directors took great pains to present themselves as fully committed to meeting the goals in their assigned projects and production plans. The increase of investment projects developed in the discussed period led to intensification of such strategies on the part of enterprise directors.
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