Vývin školského systému na Slovensku v rokoch 1918 – 1939

Author(s): Ľubica Kázmerová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Vobdobí vzniku Československej republiky (ČSR) sa školstvo na Slovensku, ktoré tvorí základ každej národnej kultúry, nachádzalo v katastrofálnom stave, čo bolo dôsledkom dlhodobého pôsobenia uhorskej štátnej politiky voči nemaďarským národom Uhorska a vojnovej vyčerpanosti spoločnosti. Prechodom frontu na východe Slovenska a tiež rabovaním po skončení vojny boli mnohé školské budovy poškodené a ich mobiliár zničený. Vládne miesta mladého štátu si uvedomovali zložitosť situácie a problémom školstva a vzdelávania venovali zvýšenú pozornosť. Centrálnym orgánom riadenia školstva sa stalo Ministerstvo školstva a národnej osvety (MŠANO) so sídlom v Prahe. Školstvo spravoval v slovenskej dočasnej vláde od novembra 1918 Anton Štefánek, ktorý sa stal o niekoľko mesiacov neskôr referentom pre oblasť školstva Ministerstva s plnou mocou pre správu Slovenska spravovaného Vavrom Šrobárom. Od roku 1919 pod jeho vedením pracoval Referát MŠANO pre Slovensko so sídlom v Bratislave.

1995-2003: POST-DAYTON STRUGGLE FOR EQUALITY

Author(s): Arijana Aganović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter covers women’s participation in the political processes and public life in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period between the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords and the adoption of the Gender Equality Law in 2003. These two events will offer a temporal framework for the following chapter. The signing of the Accords marked the future of political life in Bosnia and Herzegovina while the adoption of the Gender Equality Law marked a turning point in the process of establishment of institutional mechanisms for combating gender inequality.

2003-2015: THE ERA OF GENDER EQUALITY MECHANISMS

Author(s): Edita Miftari / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter covers women’s politics and activism in the period between the adoption of the Gender Equality Law in 2003 and 2015, when this chapter was written. The Gender Equality Law is seen as a turning point for the political participation of women in BiH, primarily because it demanded the harmonization of other laws, including the Electoral Law, with the 40% gender quota it introduced. Another key moment for women’s organizations was the formation of The Club of Women Parliamentarians FBiH in 2013. This chapter will elaborate on the challenges and obstacles the women in the Federal Parliament faced during the implementation of this initiative. The chapter will also discuss the role of women in the Executive since recent years have seen an increase in the number of posts held by women at all levels of the BiH government. The internal organization of political parties will also be discussed, specifically – the role women play in the decisionmaking bodies of their chosen political parties. In its conclusion, this chapter will present the emerging female politicians who represent the future of women’s politics in BiH.

MEDIJI

Author(s): Amer Džihana / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U poglavlju se opisuju osnovne karakteristike medijskog sistema Bosne i Hercegovine. Neprestano se ukazuje na jaz između zakonskih odredbi, koje u pravilu sublimiraju najnaprednija svjetska rješenja, i stvarnosti u kojoj mediji djeluju, a koja je snažno određena post-konfliktnom i tranzicijskom prirodom bosanskohercegovačkog društva. U prvom dijelu razmatra se opći regulatorni okvir za elektronske i štampane medije, zatim se, u drugoj sekciji, opisuje medijsko tržište. U trećem se dijelu portretiraju osnovne karakteristike medijskih sloboda kao i odgovornosti novinara i medija u BiH. U zaključnom razmatranju, snažno se zagovara prevazilaženje postojeće diskrepancije između „idealnog“ zakonskog okvira i nezadovoljavajućih praksi implementacije.

MISLITI RAT

Author(s): Raymond Aron / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Možda ću, u okviru ovog pokušaja sveobuhvatne interpretacije, moći da odgovorim na toliko puta ponavljano pitanje o Klauzevicevom metodu i njegovom poreklu i srodnosti sa Kantovim i Hegelovim metodom. Prethodnom odeljku prvog toma svoje knjige dao sam naziv »dijalektika«. Dakle, ne dovodim u pitanje tvrdnju da su Klauzevicevo mišljenje i metod u izvesnoj meri dijalektički. Ostaje nam samo da saznamo - u kojem smislu.

RAT U ZALIVU SE NIJE DOGODIO

Author(s): Jean Baudrillard / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Pošto je ovaj rat bio dobijen unaprijed, nikad nećemo saznati kako bi izgledao da je postojao. Nikad nećemo saznati kako bi izgledao Iračanin koji se borio i bio u prilici da se bori. Nikad nećemo saznati kako bi izgledao Amerikanac koji se borio i bio u prilici da bude pobijeđen. Vidjeli smo kako izgleda ultra-moderni proces udara, paralize, lobotomije eksperimentalnog neprijatelja, bez mogućeg odgovora. Ali, to nije rat. Isto kao što 10.000 tona bombi dnevno nije dovoljno da bi to bio rat. Isto kao što direktan prenos preko CNN, realno vrijeme informisanja nije dovoljno da rat učini autentičnim. Pamtimo Capricorn One, kad je na svim svjetskim televizijama direktno prenošen let rakete sa ljudskom posadom na Mars, koji se dogodio samo u jednom pustinjskom studiju.

Gwara i dialekt w perspektywie historycznej

Author(s): Błażej Osowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper verifies the 7 essential characteristics for understanding what it is that dialectology and historical dialectology: (1) geographic diversity, (2) social differentiation, (3) subject of study, (4) opposition ‘dialect-literary language’, (5) chronological aspect, (6) focus on Old Polish language, (7) irregularity of dialectal features. Author used the articles about the origins of Polish literary language. An additional aim of this article is to seek answers to the question: Does the history of dialects may be helpful in the diagnosis of the present situation?

O drugima

Author(s): Olivera Milosavljević,Latinka Perović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Interview with Latinka Perović, by Olivera Milosavljević.

Istraživač i erudita - Delatnost dr Latinke Perović u Institutu za noviju istoriju Srbije (1975 –1998)

Author(s): Radmila Radić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Dr Latinka Perović je radila u Institutu za istoriju radničkog pokreta Srbije, kasnije Institutu za noviju istoriju Srbije od 1975. do 1998. godine. Njeno bavljenje istorijom društvenih ideja u Srbiji druge polovine XIX veka i rusko-srpskim vezama, tokom te 23 godine provedene u Institutu, rezultiralo je opusom od šest monografi ja (Pera Todorović, 1983, Od centralizma do federalizma: KPJ o nacionalnom pitanju, 1984, Srpski socijalisti 19. veka. Prilog istoriji socijalističke misli, 1-3, 1985, 1995, Planirana revolucija. Ruski blankizam i jakobinizam, 1988, Zatvaranje kruga. Ishod rascepa 1971-1972, 1991, Srpsko-ruske revolucionarne veze. Prilozi za istoriju narodnjaštva u Srbiji, 1994), kompletnim priređivanjem devet knjiga istorijskih izvora (pisma, članci, govori, dnevnici, uspomene, izabrani spisi: Pere Todorovića, Avrama Petrovića, Mite Cenića, Nikole Pašića), objavljivanjem više desetina studija, rasprava i članaka u zbornicima i naučnim časopisima u zemlji i inostranstvu, velikim brojem predgovora i pogovora u izdanjima istorijskih izvora za XIX i XX vek drugih autora kao i nizom prikaza istoriografskih dela. Dr Latinka Perović je održala takođe i veliki broj predavanja u zemlji i inostranstvu, učestvovala na međunarodnim i domaćim naučnim skupovima i bila promotor novih istoriografskih izdanja. Svojom ukupnom delatnošću ona predstavlja jednog od najplodnijih saradnika Instituta u njegovoj pedesetogodišnjoj istoriji.

Bibliografija

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

U bibliografiju koja sledi nisu uneti članci, intervjui i reči na promocijama knjiga, koji su objavljeni u raznim listovima i časopisima u državama nastalim posle raspada Jugoslavije, kao ni nekrolozi.

Osvrt na izveštaj: “Ubistva i migracije na Kosovu” Odgovori na dodatne informacije i analizu

Author(s): Amelia Hoover,Meghan Lynch,Patrick Ball / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

U izveštaju koji sledi a koji se bavi uzrocima ubistava i kretanja izbeglica na Kosovu u periodu od marta do juna 1999. godine, potvrdili smo i proširili rezultate koje smo izneli u analizi iz 2002. godine. Opisujemo revidiranu i proširenu analizu mogućeg kauzalnog odnosa između dejstava OVK /Oslobodilačke vojske Kosova/ ili NATO snaga i perioda tokom kojih su ubistva, odnosno kretanja izbeglica dostizala najvišu vrednost. Obrazlažemo zašto je naša shema obeležavanja bila namerno konzervativna, kako bi se na najbolji mogući način ispitale tvrdnje da su OVK ili NATO bili glavni uzrok ubistava i kretanja izbeglica. Kao što ćemo prikazati, uz minimalan broj verovatnih pretpostavki, naši zaključci biće još čvršći. Naš zaključak prikazuje da uključivanje kompleta podataka o nestancima, identifikaciji posmrtnih ostataka i migraciji ne menja bitno naše prethodne rezultate. Ovim izveštajem potvrđujemo naše zaključke iz 2002. godine: smatramo da podaci ne idu u prilog tvrdnjama da bi OVK ili NATO mogli biti značajan uzrok ubistava i migracija na Kosovu u periodu od marta do juna 1999. Godine.

Odjeci i reagovanja

Author(s): Ivica Petrović,Ljuba Stojić,Nataša Odalović,Milena Davidović-Primorac,Ivan Čolović,Anđelko Dragojević,Ivan Ivanji,Jelena Tasić,Milovan Mračević,V. Stefanović,Jasna Šakota-Mimica,Žarko Trebješanin,Milorad Mlađenović,Marija M. Mitrović,Pavle Ugrinov / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Поливная керамика Узбекистана: этапы развития

Author(s): Elmira F. Gyul / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article offers an analysis of main stages in development of glazed ceramics of Uzbekistan: Samanid, Karakhanid and Timurid periods, the period of the late medieval Uzbek Khanates and the modern period. The author characterizes local ceramic schools and centers and reveals traditional elements in development of pottery. She discusses reasons behind the spread of glazed ceramics during the first centuries of Islam. Its further specific development is explained within the context of social-historical development of the region.The ceramic industry of Uzbekistan is shown as a vibrant and dynamic process, which has maintained sustainable archetypical features through time. These include: conventional pattern, contrast colors, basic repertory of decoration: floral motifs, stylized images of animals and birds, simplistic geometric ornamentation.

Make Macedonia Great Again! The New Face of Skopje and the Macedonians’ Identity Dilemma

Author(s): Arianna Piacentini / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Implemented by the Macedonian national party VMRO-DPMNE the project “Skopje 2014” renewed the urban image of Skopje, capital city of the (Former Yugoslav) Republic of Macedonia and promoted a narrative of direct descent from the Ancient Macedonians, epitomized by the figure of Alexander the Great. Impressive statues, fountains, a triumphal arch, and new massive buildings now stand in all their grandeur in the city centre of the small republic’s capital city. Although apparently meant to give a new face to Skopje, these urban changes are also strictly tied to a “great” national narrative concerning the Macedonian nation – its roots and origins, and are apparently shaping and changing, not only the urban image of Skopje but also the national identity of the Macedonians.

Borders, Exception and Sovereignty: Australia’s Migration Policies as Instruments of Suspension of (Human) Rights and (International) Obligations

Author(s): Ana Carolina Macedo Abreu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Hostility towards migrants of non-European origin is a recurring subject in contemporary political space, especially among Western/developed states. In fact, the move towards stricter migration and border control in relation to some forms of migration has led authors to characterize such phenomena as a war on migration (Hyndman and Mountz, 2007) or a new ubiquity of borders (Balibar 2002). The crusade against irregular migration has particularly affected prospective asylum seekers who, fleeing from conflict and persecution in their countries of origin, attempt to reach safety and protection through unauthorized border crossings. The Australian border regime presents a paradigmatic case in this context of increasing hostility and control, having been described as “the most original yet retrograde means of repelling and excluding asylum seekers from its shores” (Hyndman and Mountz 2007, 83) and “the most fully developed policy regime that is oriented around control” (Johnson 2014, 67). This chapter focuses on the policies and practices of border/migration control that were/are employed in the context of the Pacific Solution (2001-2007) and Operation Sovereign Borders (OSB) (2013-present). The practices of control implemented during this period include interception and turnback of boats outside of territorial waters, forced return, detention and exclusion of parts of Australian territory from the migration zone (excision).

The Jews of Iraq

Author(s): Birgit Ammann / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Describing the Jewish communities in the multi-religious history of Iraq can only take place from a historical perspective, simply because they no longer exist. Apart from a few individuals, there is no future perspective at this point in time.

The Lost Readers of the Scripture: Some notes on the Karaite community of Hīt

Author(s): Thomas Schmidinger / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Karaites are one of the religious communities erased from the memory of Iraq. Today hardly anybody in Iraq remembers this centuries-old religious community rooted in the Abrahamic faith of Islam, Christianity and mainstream Judaism. Multiple marginalisations resulted in nobody ever telling the story of the last Karaites in Iraq. The isolated and rural community in the town of Hīt in Anbar did not have any intellectuals to document their history. Later, Karaite Jews became a minority among the rabbinic Jews in Israel and the Iraqi Karaites were even a tiny minority within the minority of the Karaites of Israel. Without anyone interested in their history, even the second generation in Israel did not think that the stories of their parents and grandparents would be worth recording and telling.

The Gurdwara of Baghdad and the Forgotten History of Sikhs in Iraq

Author(s): Wedech Areshpreet / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Most Iraqis and scholars on Iraq do not know that Baghdad has significant importance for the Sikh religion. Until 2003, Baghdad had a gurdwara (Sikh place of worship); some evidence exists of a historic Sikh community in Iraq. This article explores both the history of the Gurdwara of Baghdad and the Sikhs who lived in Iraq, and also the activities of Sikh humanitarian organizations in contemporary Iraq.

Christians in Iraq

Author(s): Thomas Schmidinger / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Unlike Syria and Palestine, Iraq was never a predominantly Christian land. Nevertheless, Iraq has a long history of Christian presence and one of the oldest Christian communities in the world. Christians, like Muslims and Jews, always played an important role in Iraqi society and even politics. Although the number of Christians declined in recent years, the diversity of Christian denominations in Iraq is still remarkable.

Alfabeden Alfabeye Zorunlu Göç: Türk Edebiyatında Bir “Sözde Transkripsiyon” Vakası

Author(s): Fırat Caner / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Türkiye’de Osmanlı alfabesinin değiştirilmesine ilişkin tartışmalar bu değişikliği uygulamaya koyan 1928 tarihli yasanın çıkartılmasından çok uzun süre önce başladı. Tartışmalar özellikle 1923-1928 tarihleri arasında yoğun bir şekilde devam etti (Korkmaz, 2009, s. 1974). Latin alfabesinin kabulünü uygun görenler olduğu gibi, böyle bir değişikliğe karşı çıkanlar da vardı. Latin harflerinin kabulünü savunanlar, nüfusun önemli bir kısmının okuma yazma bilmeyişi ve Latin harflerinin eski alfabeye kıyasla daha kolay öğrenilebildiği vb. savları öne çıkarttı (Ülkütaşır, 1998, s. 48). Bu köklü değişikliğe karşı çıkanlarsa, böyle bir değişikliğin mevcut yazılı kültür birikimiyle okuryazar kesim arasındaki bağın kopmasına sebep olacağı vb. savları kullandı.