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Zavičajni identitet u nastavi

Author(s): Vesna Grahovac-Pražić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Within the framework of the prevailing globalization processes the identification of the value of homeland identity becomes crucial in preserving the personal and national identity. Covering a wide semantic field (in the biological, sociological, dialectological, ethnographic, philosophical and psychological sense), the term indigenization offers multiple forms of their transposition: artistic, scientific, educational, teaching and school-related ones. The pursuit of indigenous values in teaching is based on the theory related to the homeland, the national and cultural identity that emphasizes language, territory, history, culture, art and tradition as its main determinants. The theses related with the research topics of indigenization are located in a methodical and pedagogical overview whose purpose is to familarize oneself with and preserve the heritage – Lika identity through teaching literature as a creatively stimulating form of work with children during class teaching. The communication with the texts within the idiom in which the gradually disappearing world is saved the ability to detect native identity by accepting the words and their preservation is provided as well by the customs, beliefs, family relationships, relationships within the wider community. The preservation of the Lika indigenization – through students’ communication with a literary text, interweaving native idioms and standard language, experiencing non-fiction narratives that deal with indigenous themes, establishing cultural relations with the past and the tradition – creative communication with the cultural homeland heritage, by means of embedding native values in the personal identity, is achieved.

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Granice europskoga/slavenskoga istoka i zapada: poljska književnost u kanonu svjetske književnosti iz hrvatske perspektive

Author(s): Cvijeta Pavlović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

For many centuries Croatian literature was a part of the Western European cultural circle, but it had also been well informed about the events in the East of Europe, which was noted in the literary reception perspective. The geo-political divisions and borders of the 20th century have significantly replaced the cultural and political centres of Croatian literature and many men of letters and intellectuals have assumed a critical and polemic view toward the unfolding state and conditions. In this way Croatian literature had often constituted a border of Eastern and Western Europe and Eastern and Western Slavs. In the context of the Slavic cultural circle Croatian literature had modified its approach and attitude towards other Slavic literatures. After losing the prominence that Polish literature enjoyed in the Croatian literature in the reception inclinations during the 19th century, the 20th century had proven very unstable for the “official” literary attitude. A comparative analysis of the reception of Polish literature as a part of world literature from the Croatian literary perspective is one of the significant indicators of how the construction of the literary canon proves to be an internal critical and polemic position towards the past as well as even to the present “official” cultural and political projections of ideas. The position that the Polish literature occupies in the Croatian literary canon of the 20th century is also an indicative sample of polemics that had been conducted between the Southern Slavs and the question of their identities.

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Chorwacka mniejszość narodowa na Węgrzech – w poszukiwaniu definicji przynależności

Author(s): Antonina Kurtok / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is an attempt to determine the status of the Croatian minority which inhabits Hungary and the extent of its connection with its homeland. The current situation of the minority was analyzed by taking into account the legal-political situation which influencesthe welfare-social conditions and the range of cultural activities. Text refers to the most important legal documents sanctioning the position of national minorities in Hungary. It also presents a legal-institutional system established by the Republic of Croatia, introduced in order to protect national minorities, and to support and strengthen cooperation with them. In addition, the most important issues associated with the community which functions outside of Croatian borders were indicated.

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Problemy tożsamościowe bośniackiej diaspory w Turcji. Zarys problematyki

Author(s): Agata Jawoszek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The Bosniak diaspora in Turkey is the oldest group of Bosniaks from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Sandžak in the world. The first well-organized wave of refugees, the so-called Muhajirs, left Bosnia and sought a new homeland on the Bosporus and in Anatolia in the first decade after the Austro-Hungarian occupation of 1878. One group of refugees madetheir way to Macedonia, which was then still a part of the Ottoman Empire, thus creating the first Bosniak diaspora in this part of the Balkans. The mass migration of Bosnian Muslims, initially concealed by the Viennese government, was observed not only in the official records of the provincial government, but also in contemporary journalism, poetry and in the collective memory. According to various reports and statistics, today in Turkey there are more than a few million of Bosniaks and Bosnians. In this article I try to analyze the cultural models of self-identity of Bosniaks in Turkey and show their role in the political and social discourse in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Jak pozostać sobą w obcym języku? Strategie konwersji językowej pisarzy pochodzenia słowiańskiego

Author(s): Joanna Czaplińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to writers who after emigrating decided to change the language in which they wrote their books from their native language to the language of the country which became their second home. The strategies which are described in the article aredetermined by the personal experiences of the writers, for whom the choice of a second language in which their works were to be written became an opportunity to express various attitudes. Piotr Rawicz, a Jew of Polish origin, treated his literary début – the novel Le sang du ciel, written in French – as an autobiography, which was expressed not in a direct manner but in a manner based on intermediation of both the complex narrative devices as well as of language. This enabled him to distance himself from his own experiences. For Libuše Moníková, a writer of Czech origin who writes in German, the thematisation of Czech history and its myths in all the publications which were written in German and published in Germany became a path which enabled a German writer to become a Czech woman. A similar strategy was embraced by Zdenka Becker, a writer of Slovak origin who writes in German, and who in her work engages the painful questions of the Czechoslovakian relations during the period of the deportations of Germans after the Second World War.

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Od Kultury kłamstwa do Kultury karaoke. Obraz przemian utrwalony w eseistyce Dubravki Ugrešić

Author(s): Anita Gostomska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Dubravka Ugrešić’s debut as an essayist happened during the time of exceptionally turbulent political transformations in Yugoslavia. Her first essays, published in foreign press,represented a spontaneous and emotional reaction to aggressive nationalism, which in the 1990s had dominated the public discourse in Croatia. The change of narration coincidedwith writer’s departure from the country; the difficult farewell with her homeland turned out to be the beginning of a completely new life and a different way of expression. The essays are based on her private history in the first place and the consequences of the disintegration of Yugoslavia constitute a constant point of reference. The writer, using her literature as a weapon, ruthlessly reviews the common past and presence for more than twenty years; she also devotes a great deal of attention to the cultural phenome which follow the global era, and she keeps the same critcal distance to them. By the undoubtedly intentional similarity of the titles (The Culture of Lies and Karaoke Culture) the writer expresses her subjective opinion, based on her personal experience, about the twenty-year-old process of changes. In this opinion the lie and karaoke with their symbolic meaning are not significantly different, and the changes turn out illusory. Ugrešić presents the timelessness of phenomena, to which as a writer she feels obliged to stand up, although the intensity of her faith in the power of literature seems to be weakened permanently. This utopian revolt, which comes from permanent criticism, strengthened by self-mockery, is a mark of Ugrešić’s writnig in the last two decades.

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O protonacionalnom identitetu Jurja Barakovića u povijesti književnosti

Author(s): Divna Mrdeža Antonina / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

In the context of earlier Croatian literature, Juraj Baraković’s Vila Slovinka achieved the status of a part of the literary canon largely due to a highly evaluated patriotic note in the literary-historiographical narrative. This article evaluates the modes and paths towards attaining the current position of this work in the traditional culture. Former insights are challenged and expanded by new ones with regard to the humanistic and post-Trent culture, which the author apostrophized and inscribed in the construction of Slavic/Illyrianideologemes. Baraković’s concept of proto-national identity primarily entails the affiliationto the culture of Catholic Restoration from the post-Trent period, late-humanist culture,especially the ecclesiastical discourse of the period which promoted both Christianityand the nation into an indivisible concept of resistance against the Ottomans. InVila Slovinka, the topic of national origin, territorial prevalence and language is complemented by the concept of humanistic virtue, formed in exemplars of anti-Turkish heroes and national saints, as well as in antipodal exemplars of liars and traitors that serve toemphasize virtue. Thus stratified, the national ideologem indicates Baraković’s work asincorporated in the historiographical narrative of the Early Modern Era, as well as thatthe author’s discourse had been propulsive towards everyday cultural life, that is towardsthe political, cultural and patrons-private relations within the literary field. The complexityof the subject of humanistic patriotism in Vila Slovinka legibly entails a distinctivediscourse of an eclectic genre of a panegyrical poem and Christian-humanistic exempla.

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Problem tożsamości Słoweńców w esejach Draga Jančara

Author(s): Silvija Borovnik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Drago Jančar is one of the most prolific and frequently translated contemporary Slovenian writers. He is a prosaist, an author of short stories and novels, a playwright and a multiple award-winning essayist. As an essayist, he always responded to the current questionsabout the historical role of Slovenians in former Yugoslavia, in the context of Central Europe,in the times of Slovenian independence and those of entering the European Union. Jančar’s word always drew a lot of attention and initiated polemical responses. This paper discusses his essay-writing in relation to the forementioned problems.

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Tożsamość jednostki w słowackiej prozie naturyzmu

Author(s): Marta Buczek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Marta Buczek, the author of the article The human identity in the Slovak prose of the naturismus, analyzes the problem of the identity in the type of Slovak lyrical prose known as the naturismus which was developing in the inter-war period. She focuses on the philosophical problem of human identity in the works of Ľudo Ondrejov, Margita Figuli,František Švanter and Hana Zelinová. The author refers to philosophical concepts of neo-Romanticism, Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, Schelling and Bergson (which were very popularin the inter-war literature) in order to interpret the ahistorical, timeless and individual concept of human identity which is based on an archaic and mythic world, irrationalism, mythic consciousness and subconsciousness, biological and multidimensional personality, impulsive and instinctive reaction of characters identified with nature.

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Opisy podróży po krajach słowiańskich z lat 50. i 60. XX wieku: próba podtrzymania filosłowiańskiej tożsamości Górnołużyczan czy jej destrukcja?

Author(s): Tomasz Derlatka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this paper is to outline issues associated with the process of assigning ideological functions to descriptions of travels of Upper Sorbs around Slavic countries (pućowanske rozprawy) in the 1950s and 1960s. Narrowing considerations of the issues concerned with the specified timeframe results from the culmination of this thematic and genre convention in this period, whereas its choice as the subject to be discussed – foran incredibly important semiotic function was served at that time by travel literature as regards the literature, culture and ideology (national and political) of Upper Sorbs. Travel descriptions written by Upper Sorbs in the 1950s and 1960s are a continuation of the tradition of pućowanske rozprawy of the 19th century and the first half of the subsequent century. Descriptions of travels around Slavic countries written before the war and those written after the war differ significantly as regards the motivations for their compilation. What changed most was their function. Illustrating, or strengthening the Slavic national consciousness of people living in Upper Lusatia, was no longer the main purpose of this literature (which was the case in the 19th century). After the war, travel descriptions were supposed to illustrate socialist transformations taking place in those countries. Accounts of travels around Slavic countries written by Upper Sorbs emphasized clearly and directly the social and technological development of Slavic states (nations) and even individual citizens owed to socialism. Due to the fact that the community living in Upper Lusatia was dominated by peasants, and given the ideological struggle taking place in Lusatia with respect to the collectivization of agriculture, political and social transformations were illustrated mainly through agrarian ones.

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Identiteti u raspravi Hrvatski književnici mletačke Dalmacije i život njihova doba Tome Matića iz 1925. i 1927.

Author(s): Robert Bacalja / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The following identities are analyzed in this article: Croatian, Turkish, Venetian (Italian) and the stereotypes in the function of the identity formation in the discussion Croatian writers of Venetian Dalmatia and the life in their time of Tomo Matić, which was published in Rad JAZU, book no. 231, in 1925. The second part was published in 1927 (RadJAZU, knj. 233, pp. 23–84). The historical, cultural and literal themes will be interpreted,devoted to the period of Venetian rule over Dalmatia, i.e. the cultural imaginary createdin the year of celebration of one millennium of Croatian kingdom. In that layered discussionfrom 1925 and 1927 (that theme could be read in Matić’s text The Croatian awarenessin the people of old Zadar from the calendar Svačić from 1904, as well as in the study PetarZoranić from 1909, which would also be interpreted in this article) the following narrativescould also be traced: “a difficult struggle for the national freedom and survival at the troubled border between East and West, glorious past” (comp. Oraić-Tolić, 2006:37), and also a struggle for the Croatian language and literature, which is characterized by the analyses of the works of Marko Marulić, Petar Zoranić, Petar Hektorović, Juraj Baraković, Jeronim Kavanjin, et al. Matić pointed out a number of examples in the Croatian history, culture and literature, as well as other works of the Croatian writers: Vetranović. Lucić, Grabovac, and others.

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Konstruisanje crnogorskog identiteta između srpskog i crnogorskog nacionalističkog diskursa

Author(s): Tatjana Đurišić-Bečanović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The author of this paper studies the identity of semiosis, and in particular the influence on polemical discourse on the formation of identity patterns, which were (re-)defined after the breakup of Yugoslavia. The disintegration of the Yugoslav semiosphere resulted in disintegration of language standards and nationalist oppression of language that becomes the primary means of mythologizing, the main carrier of the identity of the most vulnerable victim of a nation, the guardian of the sacred past and archetypal truth about us. Yugoslav identity was destroyed, as well as the myths and cults which had always been the basis of the Yugoslav identity, always seen as a fragile nation, polyphonic, dispersive and heterogeneous, never sufficiently strong and coherent, making it susceptible to disintegration.The aesthetic function was pushed to the margins of the communicative process inthe polemical discourse; while at the forefront ther appeared the appellative and conativefunctions of the language, due to its specific structure and polemical instances. The affectiveprinciple of polemical instances affect polemical discourse coded in units of verbalchaining on whose emotional exaltation was based interaction, focused on the disensespeech acts. Polemically encoded emotionality is inextricably linked with the ideology,while the means by which the emotional discourse was modified and adjusted in the debatewas especially disense and subversive, which is why the ideological (in value) pointof view becomes dominant in the organization of polemical statements.

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Tożsamość narodowa Josipa Broza Tity

Author(s): Piotr Żurek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Tito’s biographies are replete with unbelievable theories regarding his identity and parentage. Obviously, most of them are based on unverified conjectures and mythomaniacalmystifications instead of historical evidence. Even then, rumors and often mendacious gossip spread by the political enemies of the Yugoslav president proved – more or less – successful, having weakened his political image. According to Jože Pirjevec, the success of many later mystifications was based on a statement made by Draža Mihailović after his meeting with Tito in 1941, as the Serbian general believed Tito to be a Russian. This very opinion influenced a group of NSA experts analyzing the language of Tito’s speeches in 1977. They concluded that “Serbo-Croatian” could not be the native language of Tito, as he made mistakes which are typical of a Pole or a Russian. The theory was debunked by Marko Snoj, a linguist from the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. According to him, what NSA specialist assumed to be Tito’s ineptitude in Serbo-Croatian were vestiges of the Kozjansko-Bizeljski dialect Tito had preserved from his childhood. As a matter of fact, JBT identified himself as a Croatian or a Yugoslav. Serbian historian Olivera Milosavljević argues that in the case of “Yugoslav” one should understand his “state” identity rather than a “national” one. Such statements were forced by the complex national situation of Yugoslavia, as Tito, claiming to be a Croatian, risked displeasure from the Serbian part of the populace. Still, as his speech confirms, he had every right to do it, having grown up at the Croatian-Slovenian borderland in Kumrovec.

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Makedonie v zrcadle minulosti a přítomnosti: Makedonská encyklopedie mezi sociokulturním diskurzem a sémiotickou interpretací

Author(s): Miroslav Kouba / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper provides a typology of the symbolic roles that is performed in the Macedonian social discourses by the Macedonian encyclopedia (Македонска енциклопедија, МАНУ, Скопје 2009). This first edition of the Macedonian popular scientific encyclopedia has casued many polemics at the national and international level, while their essence thematizes again the question of the modern Macedonian identity paradigms. the Macedonian encyclopedia is not just a set of normative concepts and passwords, but it primarily becomes a semiotic category, which is involved in the formation process of the canon of the contemporary national culture. At the same time, the Macedonian encyclopedia helps to create a wider social discourse platform for discussion of its conception and symbolic borders.

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Zaprojektowana tożsamość „Nowomacedończyków”

Author(s): Lidija Tanushevska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the cultural conditions which brought about the embracing of the bizarre forms of struggle for the separate identity of the Macedonians. The article discusses certain phenomena which occurred in the social life and in the culture of Macedonia, which intensified only in the 21st century. Special emphasis wasput on the architectural phenomenon of the project known as Skopje 2014. The articlepresents an absurd layer of reality in a country ruled by totalitarian authorities.

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Portret poety. Okładka z pegazem Sabiny Sebyłowej jako źródło biograficzne

Author(s): Elżbieta Hurnikowa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author of the article reconstructs the aspects of the artistic persona of Władysław Sebyła on the basis of a book written by his wife, Sabina Sebyła, entitled Okładkaz pegazem (A Cover with a Pegasus), published in 1960). The author classifies the bookaccording to its genology (memoir, journal, diary), its structure (chronological), thetype of narration and the addressee. On the basis of Sabina Sebyła’s accounts, it hasbeen possible to reconstruct the path of the poet’s artistic development as well as thecritical and literary contexts of his artistic work; moreover, it has been possible toidentify his artistic passions – his love for music and art, which shaped his imaginationand the formal aspects of his poetry, as well as his interest in the world of nature. Inaddition, Sabina Sebyła’s account reveals several other aspects of the poet’s life, such ashis employment, the couple’s active participation in the cultural life of pre-war Warsawand, most importantly, the tragic end of Sebyła’s life.

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Wyobraźnia katastroficzna. Władysława Sebyły

Author(s): Stanisław Dłuski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author discusses the type of Władysław Sebyła’s poetic imagination and imagery, oscillating around the broadly understood catastrophic trend which dominated the landscape of Polish poetry in the 1930s. To that end, the author identifies the most important motifs and imageries characteristic of Sebyła’s poetry, in order to show that it was artistically independent from the influence of group poetics – even though the poet debuted under the ideological banners of Kwadryga – politics and the popular ideologies of that time. Even in the strictly formal aspect, Sebyła was always seeking his own niche, criticizing, also in his capacity as a literary critic, the passive influence of the Vanguard of Kraków and Skamander – the two most important interwar literary groups. The lyrical I in Sebyła’s poetry constantly seeks and misses God. According to the author of the article, it is precisely this search for sacrum understood as a constant and reliable system of values, which led Sebyła to creative and mystical poetry. This turn towards the sacrum constitutes the most radical response to the absurdity and historiosophical pessimism, while Sebyła’s legacy is inherited by the subsequent generations of poets: Baczyński (visionary aspect, type of imagination), Różewicz (the world seen as a “garbage bin”) or Barańczak (the idea of God). Sebyła’s faith was influenced in equal parts by the Christian gnosis, mysticism, as well as apophatic theology,which seems to be generally omitted by literary criticism on the topic.

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Język specjalistyczny a język podstawowy – elementy wspólne i różnicujące

Author(s): Ewelina Mitera / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Suggesting a reflection on the relationship between a specialist language anda primary one (which is also called general, popular or natural), aiming at distinguishing between both similarities and differences, it may seem appropriate that the latter ones are more numerous. The specialist language is seen as a separate language, a specific one and, above all, causing difficulties to its learners. Even if the quoted associations seem to be justified and reasonable, we should not overlook the fact that the specialist language is isolated from the basic language, and therefore does not exist as an autonomous system, but as an integral part of the general language, while preserving its distinctness and characteristics. Therefore, by referring to the professional literature of the subject, this article will attempt to explain what connects and what divides these languages.

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Assessing and Developing Business English Teachers’ Managerial Competencies: A P roposal for a L anguage-Based Model

Author(s): Magdalena Łęska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Inspired by the opinions voiced by numerous researchers and practitioners, thepaper stems from the conviction that teaching a foreign language for business purposes reaches beyond teaching a foreign language defined in more conventional terms. Recognising that a business language course can be viewed as a project pursuing specific goals and focusing on a teacher as a teaching project manager, we propose the model for assessing and developing the managerial competencies of business language teachers. The proposal draws on the competency model, commonly used in management, and the personality theory known as the Big Five. The model seems to be of particular interest to linguists and teachers as it relates to the lexical hypothesis underpinning the personality theory. It will allow for the identification of the traits corresponding to the competencies that may be expected of business language teachers as project managers in charge of a business language course. The data collected in the process may be used as part of a teacher’s 360 degree performance appraisal, comprising self-appraisal, student evaluation, peer assessment, and the evaluation conducted by a superior and/or by a customer.The outcome of the entire process may provide grounds for periodic job appraisal, but it canalso become a valuable professional development tool and contribute to a teacher’s improvedrelationships with students, colleagues and superiors.

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CLIL iG a nauczanie języka biznesu

Author(s): Agata Borek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article presents proposals for didactic solutions related to business languageteaching, using the current CLILiG approach. According to the assumptions of CLIL, teaching the subject should correspond with the teaching of a foreign language. This assumption generates some problems, i.e. the participation of a teacher who should teach the content in a foreign language, his or her education, the selection of appropriate tools in the form of appropriate exercises, the needs of target groups, the linguistic specificity, the insufficient number of textbooks in which appropriate material has been developed etc. All these problems are added in a wider social and communication context. It is important to be aware that while learning the business language, you acquire professional competence at the same time.

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