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The aim of the article is to discuss the topic of physical and spiritual wellbeing as manifested in the works of two Baroque poets. Daniel Bratkowski, the author of the first volume, entitled „A World Partially Forgiven”, came from Volhynia and was a member of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Hiacynt Przetocki, in turn, the author of the volume entitled „A Fast‑day Dinner, or Trifle”, came from Greater Poland and was a Jesuit. In Bratkowski’s poetry, who focused particularly on spiritual wellbeing, his ruminations on the condition of a nobleman, his sins and his vices, were concentrated around social, political and eschatological matters. Hiacynt Przetocki, in turn, in his overview of various fast‑day dishes popular in his times, approaches the subject matter of the everyday life in a less serious manner, pointing to the beneficial properties of particular dishes and the harmfulness of others. Bratkowski, then, seems to be a greater malcontent and a more severe judge of his contemporaries than Przetocki. Nonetheless, both volumes constitute valuable sources of information regarding the mindsets, proclivities and sins of Polish nobility of the 17th century.
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The article aims to discuss the poems collected in the volume „A Garden of Trifles” by Wacław Potocki, in which the author presents the portraits of bearded and bald people. The focus on these particular characteristics is motivated by an inquiry into the reasons for the use of such characteristic features of the male physiognomy in Potocki’s poetry. On the one hand, they seem to direct the reader towards the notions of the concept and the symbol, while, on the other hand, they appear to stem from the author’s authentic interest in the surrounding world and his scrupulous study of the changes in human physiognomy.
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The article presents the relationship between the epic poem understood as the ideal of poetry and the vision of the ideal man in „De perfecta poesi” by Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski. According to him, the epic poem is supposed to present the reader with the model of an ideal life, while its form is conceived to reflect its content: its narrative should be constructed in such a way as to showcase all ideal aspects of the protagonist’s life. The article argues at the same time that Sarbiewski uses the concept of the ideal in three different ways: the epic poem – just like any other literary texts – represents the ideal when it is written in such a way that if one were to remove or add an element, the result would be inevitably detrimental; when it contains a complete picture of reality, because it touches upon both the human and the divine; and when it presents its protagonist as easily balancing active and contemplative life.
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The topic of the following article is the history of research concerning the “literary Silesia” from the perspective of the Czech history of literature and folklore. The author emphasizes the fact that in the 20th century, Jan Malicki made substantial contributions to the state of the discipline on the Polish side, while Antonín Satke and Drahomír Šajtar contributed on the Czech side – the former in folklore studies, the latter in literary theory. Moreover, Šajtar popularized this interesting, interdisciplinary topic that Bridges several research areas (folklore, literature, ethnography, institutions, economic history, etc.). In addition, Šajtar created the program devoted to studying folklore in Silesia. The article, then, attempts to remind the readers about these two important figures in the study of the “literary Silesia” and its heritage.
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The following article concerns literary texts commemorating the death of one of the most famous reavers of the Eastern Borderlands, who died in the battle of Rastawica in 1571. The author argues that, in his commemoration of Stanisław Strus, Jan Kochanowski, in his „Gravestone for Stanisław Strus”, praises his entire line, while „Song VI On Strus Who Died at Rastawica at the Hand of the Tatars in the Year of Our Lord 1571” by Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński constitutes an apotheosis of the heroic sacrifice of the knight, even though his death should not be regarded as a de facto suicide. Moreover, the article traces the parallels between the Polish hero and Roland of Old French chansons de geste.
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The article discusses the issue of bandit activity in the Żywiec region in 17th and 18th century. The main source of information regarding that topic is „Chronography or the Chronicle of Żywiec” by Andrzej Komoniecki, which documented the history of Żywiec and its vicinity between 1400–1728. This singularly fascinating source text mentions a plethora of executions of local bandits, while the author does not shy away from detailed descriptions of torture and death penalty. The chronicle confirms that, due to the geographical location of Żywiec (the proximity of the mountains), bandit activity constituted a serious issues – hordes of bandits robbed houses, manors and parsonages, as well as traveling merchants, sparing no one who dared oppose them. On the other hand, many inhabitants of Żywiec assisted the bandits and – according to the sources – did so not only out of fear. On the contrary, the courage, resilience and lack of the fear of death that characterized the bandits made them more relatable to the rest of the populace. Those mechanisms, in turn, facilitated the emergence of the myth of the “noble bandit.”
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The article analyzes the principles which the autobiographical narrative builds on. The focus is on M. Bakhtin`s views and their conceptual juxtaposition to the views on “autobiography” of P. Bourdieu, D. Verin and P. Ricœur. The study defends the thesis that through the definitely teleological and reflexive organization of the narrative about himself or herself, the autobiographer has the most immediate opportunity to defend their own identity on the basis of the narration they have taken upon themselves.
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The religious type of melancholy reflects the crisis of human consciousness as regards the sacral. Its first but singular instances can be found in Homer’s Iliad. Dominant throughout Antiquity was the humoral treatment of melancholy as a disease from which both the body and soul suffered. In his treatise Problema XXX Aristotle uses a new semantic emphasis, associating melancholy with genius. The Renaissance vindication of the antique philosophy of Plato and Aristotle was a prerequisite for a debate with the Christian axiology of dolourism and martyrism, which, as early as the XIV century, involved the problem of creative inspiration. In the course of historical evolution, melancholy turned from a diagnosis into an ethos. This process is illustrated in the article through the works of Petrarch, R. Burton и J. A. Komenský.
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Minko Nikolov is the first literary scientist and critic in the Republic of Bulgaria to have studied Kafka’s work. The present article is a reconstruction of his sources and choices of interpretation. Furthermore, it supports the idea of revealing „how things are done“. During the stay of Minkov in East-Berlin in 1956-1958 he changes his dogmatic Marxist position and orientates his arguments in interpreting Kafka towards the work of the Austrian Marxist Ernst Fischer. After 1962 he starts correspondence with him and evaluates his works as much needed for the Bulgarian intellectuals in connection to the overcoming of the Stalinist spirit in the Bulgarian culture of the 1960s. In this way Minko Nikolov, by meeting Kafka, sets sail on the road of literature dissidence, which for him ends with suicide in 1966, and for Fischer – with a stigmatization as a renegade personally from Brezhnev and exclusion from the communist party.
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The article outlines the aesthetic and culturological context of the inception and functioning of the series “Anna Karenina. The History of Vronsky” (2017) by Karen Shakhnazarov. It describes the transformations of the original narrative model of L.N.Tolstoy’s novel and its relation to the structure of the parable (Gabdullina) and the parallel story structure (Nabokov). It also interprets the novel’s narrative assembly with the documentary prose of V. V. Veresaev as a model of presenting Russian history of the end of the XIX – early XX century.
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The present paper, entitled „The Posthumous Life of the Author, or Three Lyrical Anthologies”, is an overview and part of a larger study of the period 2008-2017. It puts an emphasis on some personal details linked to concrete anthologies of two contemporary Bulgarian poets – Veselin Sariev and Yanaki Petrov. Тhese posthumous editions were prepared and released by editors upon the poets’ demise; they present opportunities for revealing research perspectives on the actual tendency of the last decade – completing and expressing the entirety of artistic biographies through the gesture of a posthumous anthological project.
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The recent translation of Shakespeare’s sonnets by Kiril Kadiiski has provided ground for reflection on the present situation of the published Bulgarian translations of the English poet’s lyrical poetry. It is deeply impressive that within the past fifty years or so there are so many and different translations, which is an ever so rare occasion because it provides opportunities of considering different approaches by the authors of these translations. In fact this offers opportunities of starting a theoretical debate on the Bulgarian school of translating poetry and also researching the reader response to Shakespeare’s lyrical poetry.
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It is well known that since the 1980s the political importance of regional political movements in Europe has grown ever more and yet there exists a huge amount of mostly political and sociological investigations about the phenomenon. The majority of the authors seem to agree, that the regionalist movements should be viewed in relation to discrepancies between the respective national government and the supranational European level.
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Phraseology, as an important language compartment, has a dynamic character. The dynamics of phraseology is manifested by the increasing number of phraseological units and by their modification, as well as by a very productive phenomenon of phraseological variation, "phraseological derailment", which is a type of reorganization (by de-structuring / re-structuring the signifier and the signified of the phraseological unit) that occurs spontaneously or with a stylistic intent. "Phraseological derailment", the emergence of phraseological duplicates, whether ephemeral or occasional, is a testimony to the fact that phraseological units are dynamic models. The perpetual competition between canonical forms alias traditional ones as well as between various duplicates and innovative variants catalyses multiple changes in expression and content. The article focuses on the dynamics of phraseological units with archaic elements in modern Romanian from the perspective of the phenomenon of "phraseological derailment" and related phenomena, highlighting, as much as possible, a series of changes of form and meaning of some phraseological models consecrated by use as canonical and traceable forms in Romanian dictionaries.
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