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Review of: О. Mladenova. Grapes and Wine in the Balkans. An Ethno-Linguistic Study. Harrassowitz Verlag. Wiesbaden 1998 (Balkanologische Veröffentlichungen. Fachbereich Neure Fremdsprachliche Philologien der Freien Universität Berlin. Herausgegeben von Norbert Reiter und Holm Sundhaussen; Bd. 32), XVI + 858 p.
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Review of: Stereotyp jako przedmiot lingwistyki (Teoria, metodologia, analizy empiryczne) [Język a kultura t. 12], pod red. J. Anusiewicza i J. Вartmiń-Sкiego, Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Polonistyki Wrocławskiej, Wrocław, 1998, 336 s.
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I. СЪПОСТАВИТЕЛНИ ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ, II. ДИСКУСИИ, ОБЗОРИ И НАУЧНИ СЪОБЩЕНИЯ, III. ИЗ ИСТОРИЯТА НА ЕЗИКОЗНАНИЕТО В БЪЛГАРИЯ, IV. ИНТЕРВЮТА С БЕЛЕЖИТИ ФИЛОЛОЗИ, V. РЕЦЕНЗИИ И АНОТАЦИИ, VI. ГОДИШНИНИ, VII. ХРОНИКА, VIII. БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ
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The study deals with interpretations of works of contemporary Czech literature for children and youth (Markéta Pilátová: Bába Bedla; Olga Stehlíková: Mojenka) in which empathy and symbiosis play an important axiological, formative and emotional function. From the awareness of the belonging of man as an individual and as a species in the context of natural events arises in these works the emphasis on co-responsibility for the preservation of biodiversity and the questioning of educational values traditionally derived from anthropocentric philosophy. At the same time, the depiction of nature as a host system and the depiction of environmental problems caused by human recklessness and ignorance go beyond the usual scientifically conceived natural science or activation framework. It becomes a metaphorical parallel to the life cycle of an individual from birth to death, leading to his self-awareness. The study, combining the procedures of literary analysis with the psychology of the relationship to nature, asks whether a new geneological subtype of so-called „ecoliterature“ is developing within the intentional literature for children and youth, which is not defined by the compositional procedures and means used, but by how it represents theoretical concept of nature, culture and man based on familiarization with the ontic conflict of culture with nature.
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Traditional, folklore sources in origin, including fairy tales, get to contemporary children in many different ways. We focus just on the book´s way, even if it is very varied in its literary, pictural,and comics form. In connection with commercial success, the fairy tale´s attractivity invites authors to various attitudes, mirroring a special strategy of adaptation, an interpretation of the source,a formal compact, respect to the children´s age, but also a commercial intention. The result means a spectrum of very different shapes, which are more and more in a distance of the original source. The study aims mainly at the non-quality part of book production and its methods, reflecting a special relationship between a word and a picture, a relationship to literary/folklore fairy tales. In the same way, the books reflect an attempt to use the traditional character of fairy tales as a value sui generis for its own edition (commercial mark´s edition e. g.). It follows an actual question about the role of fairy tales in childre´s reading, and a question about how much the fairy tale is still the story, shared between generations.
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The paper focuses on the conceptual expression of universal thematic algorithms (of archetypal plotlines, primordial motivic complexes), which are present in arch-narratives (culture-forming stories) of all civilizational-cultural areas known to us. It also centers on the hypothesis that many innovations in recent children’s and young adult literature is based on external, (in terms of meaning) peripheral updates, which do not change the essence of the arch-semantics mentioned. The stated assumption is metonymically applied to the fairy-tale type ATU 325 The Magician and his Pupil and a variety of its contemporary updates (Harry Potter novel series).
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This article discusses the emergent forms of nonfiction for children and youth, what is currently more accessible to readers than ever before, but its professional theoretical grounding in our environment is still missing. It points to the overall current transformation of the genre, which was originally aimed at experienced readers in order to educate and convey facts. Today, this genre goes far beyond its traditional functions. Specifically, the genre: 1) blurs the line between nonfiction and other genres more than ever before; 2) has strong aesthetic aspirations; 3) actively invites furtherwork with the information content presented. Using examples from Čapek & Čapek (2018) by Karin Vrátná Militká & Monika Švec Sybolová), a nonfiction book relating the life and work of two Czech authors and artists, the article then points to some of the genre’s visual, linguistic and literary characteristics, and also considers the place of nonfiction for children and youth in the home and school environment. Selected award-winning nonfiction titles e. g. for teachers and parents are listed.
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The study is devoted to interpreting Lenka Brodecka’s “adventurous fairy tale crime story” TheSearch for a Star (Hledá se hvězda, 2015). Combining crime fiction and other genres, the book invites a different kind of reading than classical detective stories. The aim of this study is twofold. Firstly, it highlights selected textual strategies conducted by the narrator, which open the book to two different types of readers – novice and expert. Secondly, it demonstrates how the genre syncretism of the prose is reflected in various narrative strategies as well as in the key motif of the Star. As will be argued, the story should be read neither as a fairy tale, in which good triumphs over evil, nor as a detective story, revealing the truth about an ingeniously committed crime and the violator of the order of the fictional world. The issue of what is good (and whether parents necessarily do what is best for children) is problematized here and handed over for assessment to the reader, who also has the opportunity to make an alliance with the narrator and thus become “smarter” than the detectives. The conceptual framework for the interpretation consists of the concepts of focalization and implied addressees.
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The article examines Jiri Stransky’s work for children and youth from the perspective of the life values that the author emphasizes in his prose. It analyses the texts that Stransky sent to his children in letters from a communist prison. The article follows two lines: on the one hand, there are fairytales for Stransky’s younger daughter Klara (later published in the children’s books Stories for little Klara/Povídačky pro Klárku and Stories for my sun/Povídačky pro moje slunce), and on the otherhand, an adventure story for his older son Martin (a novel for youth Pearl Mussels/Perlorodky). He finds specifics and intersections in life values and moral messages that Stransky conveys to children of two different age groups through stories of a personal tone and follows the development of the value hierarchy over time. The paper also analyses Stransky’s last prose for children, A Rain Stone/O Dešťovém kameni, which was written more than forty years after the first fairy tales. It pays attention to Stransky’s observations on the subject of values in published interviews (Libuše Koubská: If you can make someone happy, you must/Můžeš-li udělat radost, musíš and Jan Lukeš: A Heartfighter/Srdcerváč). Almost half a century after the creation of the first stories dedicated to children,the article raises questions about the current need for Jiri Stransky’s message of values for today’s society.
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The study is a reflection of selected original works by contemporary Czech authors who have depicted the family in prose for children and youth in the last two decades, as it continues to be an important part of the social space in which a person moves. The prevalence of dysfunctional families unsettles children and is naturally reflected in the current thematic structure of literary narratives and relation to non-literary reality. In the selected stories, the feelings of alienation of parents and children, failure of partnership and family forms, divorced families headed by a woman, the position of children in plural families are captured with the hope that family and parental love does not have to disappear and genuine interest in the other person due to illness or death does not disappear.
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In the life and creative story of Jaroslava Blažková, we have the opportunity to follow the line of several changes. They concern political and ideological movements in Slovakia in the 50s and 60s of the 20th century, as well as ideological interventions in literature (including literature for children and youth). The creative generation of that time not only addressed issues of a creative nature, but also had to respond to the ideological demands of literature during the socialist period. The uprising against this lack of freedom was punished - Jaroslava Blažková was convinced of it, which literary critics appreciated and condemned at the same time. In her recent books, it is clear that she refines the intensity of ironic views, but does not change the hierarchy of values resulting from tolerance and human harmony. The irony in the last books published after the year 2000 is the result of the author’s point of view, which, while brilliantly revealing every non-harmonizing knowledge, also alleviates this clash of opinions.
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In this article, I discuss blog narratives written in English by visitors to Albania during the second decade of the twenty-first century, a time when information and communication technologies had shaped communication and connection in the online mode, and Albania was already in its third decade after the fall of communism. I will discuss the stories published on Yomadic, a blog started by a passionate traveller, Nate Robert, about little-explored places. I will read them as travel narratives with the intention of pointing out how Albania, often clichély deemed an underexplored country, is reconstructed through the eyes of what I call “the beholder.” In referring to the visitor as the beholder, I try to avoid particular references made to the traveller-writer in the literature about travel writing and focus instead on the spirit of observation that permeates these narratives. I will read them through the lens of discourse analysis, which I believe is more appropriate for analysing the retelling of personal experiences of visits to Albania.
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The article deals with narrative empathy as an important phenomenon in the sense of sharing someone else’s feelings and perspective, in a literary, social and educational context. We briefly outline the context of Ivona Březinová’s work and other texts related to the topic of bullying in children’s and youth literature. We introduce the concept and techniques of narrative empathy, paying special attention to the expression of emotions. We analyze the procedures involved in narrative empathy in The Escape of Kryšpín N. An important role is played, among other things, by the confrontation of the main character’s self-concept and perception by other characters, the expression of emotions through showing, and the combination of contemporary and retrospective narration.
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The main goal of the paper is to point out the representation of relativization in Aharon Appelfeld´s publication A Girl from Another World. To questions 1) how the author applies relativization to this book through the names of the main characters of the story; 2) how the publication depicts selected aspects related to the new wave of Israeli literature and 3) how the author shows selected events of the Second World War can be answered so that the analysed publication fully falls into the typically Israeli direction, the new wave, among other things by questioning values and standards of society.
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Elin Pelin, one of Bulgaria’s most prominent authors, has been translated into many languages, including Chinese. This paper adopts the method of close reading of the Chinese text to interpret one of the key works of Elin Pelin, The Old Ox (Lao Niu). In the 1920s it was translated by Mao Dun, who was impressed by the story. In 1980 Foreign Literature Publishing House published the translated version of Chen Wenyuan and Wei Zhendong. It is a given that the translator‘s writing style determines the Chinese readers’ understanding of the original. Mao’s translation is short and anciently beautiful and the one from the 80s is longer and simple in expression. However, neither version accurately expresses the style of the original because none of the translators read Bulgarian; as a result the translated work shows the translator’s writing style rather than the style of the original.
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Based on detailed analyses of the short stories "To the Germans" (1889) by Alois Jirásek and "The Road Home" (1925) (Heimweg) by Hans Watzlik, the study compares the persuasive factors leading to the formation of the concept of citizenship at the time of culminating nationalisation of society. It is based on the assumption of transcultural overlaps, as both stories thematise the socalled 'Tauš' or 'Handl'. This practice of exchanging children within Czech-German society may have led to bilingualism and reciprocal knowledge of the other Bohemian culture, while at the same time shaping personality. Both short stories end tragically with the death of the protagonists. Despite the many analogies and similarities found, a shift in the scales of value is nevertheless evident. This significantly differentiates the messages of both texts.
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Miloslav Topinka's artistic work has been strongly associated with the francophone environment since its beginnings in 1965. Miloslav Topinka acknowledges his affinity with the French parasurrealist group Le Grand Jeu, which is reflected, among other things, in his publishing activities and translations. Links to the work of the French artist Marcel Duchamp can be also found. The paper reflects related elements of the work of Miloslav Topinka, the group Le Grand Jeu, and Marcel Duchamp as well as the natural ties between the French and Czech cultures.
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The following article presents several options of the use of bibliotherapy as a psychotherapeutic method in teaching literature at grammar schools. It is divided into three parts: the first one deals with the theoretical background and advantages of this method including didactic benefits, and describes methodology the authors use at school. The second part brings attention to potential dangers for teachers who decide to use bibliotherapy from the point of view of psychology. The third part looks into two issues which emerge when using bibliotherapy at school: the didactic method of teaching literature and literary canon. The study is followed by a bibliotherapeutic experiment which has been already realised at school.
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