Допринос теорије схема и социо-конструктивистичког приступа у настави: усвајање функционализма код студената на преводилачким предметима

Author(s): Borislava Eraković,Jagoda Topalov / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2018

The paper presents an analysis of how acquired schemas interfere with the development of new schemas in a course on journalistic translation and the role a social-constructivist approach to teaching in fostering the schema change. It is based on the research carried out during 2016/2017 academic year which involved 62 second and third year students of English Language and Literature at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad. The paper begins by relating some aspects of translation competence to the general competences defined within the EU Tuning Project, which are some of the core learning outcomes of any university level education (critical thinking, reading and writing, finding relevant information and application of theoretical knowledge to solve problems). This is followed by an overview of the educational context and key concepts for this level of translator training - understanding the limits of the equivalence theory and the application of the functionalist approach to translation. The core part of the paper presents the results of the research that is based on a linguistic and a translational test, aiming to establish the students' English language competence level (CEFR) and their dominant schema of translation. The linguistic test has shown that students have attained a C1 or C2 level of language competence. The translational test identified the categories the students employ in the analysis of the relations between the given source and target journalistic text. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were applied to the resulting data, with the following set of variables in the investigation: independent variables included the CEFR level and the year of study, whereas the dependent variables included the 12 initially identified categories in students' responses on the translational test. Relationships between the variables were tested by means of chi-square tests and binary correlation tests in statistics software SPSS 20. The results show that (1) the difference in language competence (C1 and C2) is not significantly related to the types of translational categories the students applied in the comparison of the source and the target text, (2) that the year of study is a significant variable for some of the categories of comparison (textual cohesion between the title and the lead, the role of the target reader and level of formality) and (3), that there is a significant correlation between some of the categories students identify when analysing the relations between the source and target text. This last finding confirms the authors' supposition that the students' dominant schema of translation is an operation of pairing lower-level linguistic units between the source and target text (equivalence theory), unmitigated by the extratextual factors (functionalism). The understanding of these findings within the framework of schema theory bears considerable pedagogical implications, which are presented in the concluding part of the paper. According to cognitivists, schemas are most effectively changed when the existing knowledge is not enough to understand the real world phenomena, i.e. when a 'disequilibrium is created' between an old schema and new information (Derry 1996, p. 165). As our research has shown, the initial lecture on functionalism and teacher-guided discussion prior to testing achieved little in the way of making them change their dominant schema of what constitutes translation. Social-constructivist approach, which relies on exposing students to real life situations and a classroom scenario based on a collaborative problem solving, is likely to be more effective. This is indicated by the results of translational test which has shown that students examined different aspects of the source and target communicative situation. Collaboration involving argumentation makes students identify their assumptions, and negotiation involves their reconsideration. This type of activity creates a more effective disequilibrium, which, according to schema theory, is crucial element in schema change and the acquisition of new knowledge.

Дора Мирчева (1920–2012)

Author(s): Ivan Haralampiev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2012

IN MEMORIAM

Доржи Банзаров в русском востоковедении первой половины XIX в. и современном бурятском персонализме

(К 190-летию со дня рождения ученого)

Author(s): Vladimir Radnaev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 03 (18)/2015

The article devoted to the 190th anniversary of the first Buryat scholar Dorzhi Banzarov describes his life and his academicactivity. The article includes various examples and facts which underline the significance of the famous scholar andhis work in the Russian oriental studies of the early 19th century and in the cultural and academic life of modern Buryatia.

Дорогами Ф. М. Достоевского: поляки в Сибири

Рецензия на книгу Travels from Dostoevsky’s Siberia. Encounters with Polish Literary Exiles / by Elizabeth A. Blake (Boston 2019)

Author(s): Elena Novikova / Language(s): English,Russian / Issue: 4/2019

The review of the Travels from Dostoevsky’s Siberia. Encounters with Polish Literary Exiles by Elizabeth A. Blake (Boston 2019) is devoted to the description and analysis of the modern study of the destinies of the members of the Petrashevsky circle and the Polish exiles in Siberia. It is shown that extensive factual material has been introduced into scientific circulation and that Siberian life of F. M. Dostoevsky and the members of the Petrashevsky circle performs the function of historical and cultural background, on which the history of the Poles’ stay in Siberia is drawn.

Дослiдження творчостi Лесi Українки в Польщi: вибранi сторiнкi icтopiї (3 нагоди 100-ої рiчницi смертi письменницi)

Author(s): Iryna Betko / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: XXI/2016

100-th anniversary of Lesia Ukrainka’s death (1871-1913), which is the great Ukrainianpoet, writer and author of poetical drams, was celebrated on 1 August 2013. Her literary works arethe objects of research in Polish during more than 120 years. Lesia Ukrainka is reprezented inpolish histories of Ukrainian literature, which were written by Bohdan Łepki, Ryszard Łużny,Marian Jakóbiec, Bogusław Mucha, from 1930 to 2000. Florian Nieuważny, Stefan Kozak, EwaNikadem-Malinowska, Eulalia Papla, Sylwia Wójtowicz, Marta Reda, Agata Korycka and otherhad analyzed the chosen aspects of Lesia Ukrainka’s literary works on the second half of XX andon the beginning of XXI century.

Доследна „феминизација“: испољавање свести о равноправности полова или пут у менталну деградацију

Author(s): Jovanka Radić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 8/2013

The paper draws attention to the similarities between feminist pleas for “women’s visibility in the language” (the demand to consistently include gender indicators into professional names and titles) and a particular type of aphasia. This is namely the so-called “similarity disorder”, whose symptoms were analyzed and systematically described by Roman Jakobson. This type of disorder becomes manifest as a more or less impaired capacity for selection and substitution of linguistic signs, which on the one hand have equal values, while on the other, they are different. The tendency to consistently (nominally) differentiate by sex (“gender”) professional titles and names corresponds to a situation when an individual affected by aphasia lacks the capacity to use the word knife to designate various types of knives, but rather invents complex alternate names (e.g. pencil-sharpener, apple-parer) for every single item of a different shape and purpose. The difference is that an aphasic person has an impaired capacity of selection, whereas feminists strive to abolish the freedom of selection. The paper presents the mechanism of the motion of nouns in the Serbian language and demonstrates that unmotioned items have two different values: one is related to verbal logical reasoning (profesor – a role, person performing that role), whereas the other is related to what is apparent. That lower level of reasoning implies an ostensive and/or iconic reference, and, consequently, gender sensitivity (profesor – male professor, and profesorica – female professor).

ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ РУМЫНСКИХ ПИСАТЕЛЕЙ БУКОВИНЫ В ОБЛАСТИ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ПЕРЕВОДА (ВАСИЛИЙ ЛЕВИЦКИЙ)

Author(s): Lora Bostan / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2009

Works of the Russian Writers Translated by V. Levystkyij. The interpretation of the literary text occupies a special place in the creative work of the Romanian writers of Bukovyna; specifically, the translations alongside the starting point of the creative maturity for the whole range of the Bukovynean men of literature, who write in Romanian. The translation was the workshop for a number of literary men, opening possibilities for their explorations in the fields of linguistics and stylistics, that of expressive meanings, etc.

Достоевский в "Отчаянии" Владимира Набокова

Author(s): Martyna Sienkiewicz / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 15/2015

This work is an attempt to prove the unwanted connection between Nabokov and Dostoevsky, using Nabokov’s novel "Despair" as an example. Author also tried to show, how strong was Dostoevsky’s influence on Nabokov’s writing. The protagonist of the novel is regarded as a distorted image of Raskolnikov, as well as the combination of everything, that Nabokov denied in Dostoevsky’s heroes: madness, the inability to commit a perfect crime. Moreover, Nabokov was interested in all typical “Dostoevsky’s topics”: crime, punishment, psyche and motivations for a murderer, ambiguity, underground and again, madness. The author compare not only similarities of both writers, but also differences. In the end of the work it is shown, that the biggest hater in his numerous attempts to “debunk” Dostoevsky, becomes the greatest of his fans. As far as an act of absolute devotion and respect is to compare someone’s works with others.

Достоевский в Бостоне: XVII Симпозиум International Dostoevsky Society

Author(s): Irina S. Andrianova / Language(s): English,Russian / Issue: 4/2019

On July 14−19, 2019 at Boston University (USA) took place the 17th Symposium of the International Society of F. M. Dostoevsky (International Dostoevsky Society, IDS). For five days Boston became the world capital of the Great Russian and international writer although he had never been to America. The residents of the central city of New England began to show their interest in Russian culture at the end of the 19th century. One of the evidence of this is the cited in this article newspaper item “On Russian fashion in the United States” from the collection of Dostoevsky’s widow Anna Grigoryevna, kept in the collection of the State Literary Museum. Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849), the most famous representative of American romanticism, was born in Boston. Dostoevsky considered him a highly gifted writer and published his works in the journal Vremya. In the creative heritage of Dostoevsky there are practically no cultural, historical realities associated with America. The toponym Boston is also missing, but the word itself is used twice. By chance, Dostoevsky inserted the name of the hard labor game derived from the name of Boston city, the American “cradle of freedom”, into his Siberian Notebook that he began keeping during his Omsk penal servitude. Earlier, while translating the novel “Eugene Grande”, Dostoevsky following Balzac had already used the word “Boston” to describe the pastime of the network of old Grande. This publication presents a brief outline of the history of the origin and development of the International Dostoevsky Society, highlights a number of reports, key events, and the main results of the XVII Symposium, bringing together researchers of Dostoevsky’s works from around the world.

ДОСТОЕВСКИЙ В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ ЛЬВА ШЕСТОВА (К ВОПРОСУ О СТРАННОСТЯХ И НЕИСПРАВНОСТЯХ ШЕСТОВСКОГО ПОДХОДА К ДОСТОЕВСКОМУ)

Author(s): Hanuš Nykl / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2015

In the turn of the 19th and 20th century, F. M. Dostoevsky became one of the most discussed authors in Russian philosophy. Leo Shestov, one of key thinkers of the Russian religious philosophy, dedicated to Dostoevsky several writings, icluding two books. Shestov’s hermeneutical approach to Dostoevsky belongs to most eccentric. Is is very far from facts of writer’s life and traditional interpretation of his works. Shestov postulates non provable moments of Dostoevsky’s life crisis and the most serious factor he declares meetings with underground. These, from his point of view, became the most significant points of Dostoevsky’s creative way. On this base, Shestov build completely new construction of writer’s life story. But Dostoevsky is not the only one author that became interesting for Shestov. Described scheme is typically applicated to all authors analyzed in Shestov’s works. This approach, far from scientific concept, far from traditional understanding of hermeneutics, is an integral part of Shestov’s philosophical method.

Достоевский и Вагнер: биография в переписке

Author(s): Oksana A. Sosnovskaya / Language(s): English,Russian / Issue: 2/2015

F. M. Dostoevsky met N. P. Vagner in the summer of 1875. The evolution of their relations found reflection in the letters of 1875—1877. The letters predominately touch upon the issue of seances, there are also some personal letters. The writer’s interest to Vagner was determined by an unusual passion of the latter for spiritualism that captured Dostoevsky’s interest too. The writer himself wanted to make sense of a new hobby of Russian society that aroused spread in the 1870s. One of the seven known letters of the writer to the spiritualist has not been published in all parts till now, namely that one of January 1, 1876. This letters (along with the unpublished letters of Vagner to the writer’s wife and Anna Grigorievna’s letter to him) allows us to have in a new look at the relations between Dostoevsky and a famous apologist for spiritualism of that time.

Достоевский и его персонажи в театральных креслах, на концертах и в увеселительных заведениях. 1837–1849 (из материалов к энциклопедическому справочнику «Петербург Достоевского»)

Author(s): Boris N. Tikhomirov / Language(s): English,Russian / Issue: 4/2019

The basis of the publication is a thematic selection of the materials of the encyclopedic reference book “Dostoevsky Petersburg” being prepared for publishing. The purpose of the publication is to test the principles of the material presentation in the intended edition. All the places of the Northern capital, where Dostoevsky went to attend performances, concerts, or the amusement places, are described in a systematic manner. The published materials are chronologically limited by the first period of Dostoevsky’s life in St. Petersburg: years 1837 to 1849, when the writer’s attention to the theatrical and musical life of the capital was especially intense. All the information is provided by documentary, memoir, epistolary and other sources (including newspaper and magazine reviews). Each miniature article is devoted to a particular place of St. Petersburg and is accompanied by a set of the used sources. Being a thematic excerpt from the encyclopedic reference book, the publication materials are arranged in an alphabetic order. Along with the historical addresses presented in accordance with the documents of the 1840s, the current addresses of the given places are always provided. The publication of materials of the encyclopedic reference book is preceded by an introductory article confronting readers with the historical background of the problem.

Достоевский о русской народной самобытности

Author(s): Alexandr V. Motorin / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 127/2009

From May, 1872 Dostoevsky for hours lives on earth of Staraya Russa (Old Russia), deepening into understanding of Russian soil, nationality. It was told on the substantial transforming of creative setting: to a great extent the writer went back to one of the native beginnings of Russian consciousness: to verbal creation, free from the personal tyranny of the artist, from the magic fi gment of the imagination, from the temptation to create and impose to the large God’s world with the own artistic, fi ction world. At the same time in his creative consciousness the idea about the unity of such beginnings of Russian folk mentality, as the faith into Christ, moral cleanliness, meekness, orthodox historiosophy consciousness of The Third Rome, and fi nally, language, which all of these expressing and saving, is normalized. The special meaning the writer gave to the living embodiment of these beginnings in some ideal personalities of the saint devotees of faith, Russian women, simple people. Saving of the beginnings of the folk consciousness in living persons is appeared, by Dostoevsky, with the pledge of further existence of nation in the earth time and happy fate in the Eternity.

Достоевский. Коллективное. «Гражданин» как творчество редактора

Author(s): Vladimir Viktorovich / Language(s): English,Russian / Issue: 4/2015

F. М. Dostoevsky as an editor of the weekly journal "Grazhdanin" (January 1873 – April 1874) actively interfered with the texts of his employees. Two articles of V. F. Putsykovich are studied – about an overnight shelter and journalistic ethics – published in the issue of September, 3 1873, and an attempt to reveal the dimension of F.M. Dostoevsky’s participation in them is made.

Достойно присъствие в езиковедската наука

Author(s): Vassilka Radeva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2013

Достојевски: полифонија или дисхармонија?

Поетика и композиција романа Зли дуси

Author(s): Nebojša Lazić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2019

У раду смо истраживали поетику и композицију романа Зли дуси Ф. М. Достојевског. Пратили смо рецепцију књижевних остварења Достојевског у руској књижевној критици у 19. и 20. веку. Уочили смо да су савременици Достојевског били много критичнији према његовом раду, него што је то био случај са критичарима у 20. веку. Посебну пажњу посветили смо књизи М. Бахтина Проблеми поетике Достојевског, јер је она послужила као основа за тумачење Достојевског на Западу. Приметили смо да је Бахтин механички пренео термин полифоније из теорије музике и применио га на литерарно дело Ф. М. Достојевског.Бахтиново објашњење како је термин полифонија искористио као метафору, слично као што је поступио с термином хронотопа, чини нам се посебно проблематичним. Методологија науке о књижевности захтева да се опис књижевног дела мора дати на епистемолошки вишем степену, метајезиком а не језиком саме књижевности. Уколико се то ипак учини, добија се логичка таутологија која нам не пружа одговор на постављено питање него нас држи у кругу незнања.

ДОСТУПНОСТЬ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ОФИЦИАЛЬНО-ДЕЛОВОГО ДОКУМЕНТА: ЛИНГВОПРАГМАТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ

Author(s): Natalia Vasilyevna Orlova / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2014

The article is devoted to written official business communication. The purpose of the article is to identify the stylistic trends, significant in the aspect of the communicative category of accessibility. The study was conducted on the material of the documents with different types of recipients (the “employee”-addressee and the “population”-addressee). The omparison of these types of documents based on the criteria of text difficulty showed no significant differences between them. The most systematic stylistic trends that hamper understanding include strengthening the nonlinear nature of the text, the transition of common word in terms, the increase of abstraction of names and verbs. The specific manifestations of documents departing from the “common” Russian language in the area of grammar are described. It is shown that in the document written by precedent the rules of registration of lexical and grammatical relations are ignored. It is concluded that the subject area of the document does not directly determine its accessibility for understanding by the addressee. The “population”-addressee reveals the barriers to understanding the texts on topics close to them. The “employee”-addressee, in addition to their domain, should know the subject area of office work, that is to master a second professional language. A modern document is converted into a text reflecting two special areas of knowledge.

Достъпът до информация за палеославистичните проучвания в съвременния свят

Author(s): Neli Gancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 18/2009

The article investigates the present-day opportunities to obtain bibliographic, data-related and full-text information on palaeoslavonic researches. The solutions proposed for improving it are linked with: 1. the applying of various forms of cooperation and join-tprogrammes among institutions (libraries, research institutes, information centres); 2. The ever-wider use of electronic equipment and software when presenting, processing, and storing the documents as well as their gradual placing in the Internet, and 3. the providing of ever-better opportunities for effective searching in the network as a whole and in its information resources and systems.

доц. д-р Ваня Кръстанова

Author(s): Elena Kanevska-Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2017

Доц. д-р Евдокия Метева – като преподавателка, изследователка и наша учителка

Author(s): Iliana Chekova,Angelina Vacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2018