We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Photography is a unique medium that can convey information about events and actors of the past for the present. This is where its primary value lies as a historical source; and this is what can be used in historical research in versatile ways. At the same time, a photographic image can go beyond its primary documentary character by also attesting to its past and present audience as well as cultural, ideological, and power relations. The essay explores the statement that a photograph – as any narrative or visual representation – is both interpretation and selection at once. Further, Elek examines the ways in which a photograph can interpret and select, that is, the layers of meaning that the very characteristics of the medium has to offer for historical research. Following a brief overview of the theory of photography, the essay moves on to tackle questions of the visual turn, and the attributes of the technical image. The author then turns to the issue of memory in photography from the angle of memory studies, which have been the subject of increasing attention in historical research in general. The study aims to demonstrate that using photography as a historical source necessitates uncovering a number of various meaningful layers. Raging from the motifs found in the image, the subject of the image, and the technological fac- tors, through the institutional background conceiving and adopting it, to the paradigms of the history of science, many factors are involved in the ways we integrate visual sources into the study of past and present society.
More...
The article analyzes the strategy of the survival of Orthodox Christians and members of the religious organization “Jehovah’s Witnesses” under the conditions of persecution by the Stalinist and Nazi regime.
More...
Zadovoljstvo mi je da pred ovim cijenjenim auditorijem kao promotor imam priliku govoriti o Turskim (osmanskim) izvorima za istoriju Crne Gore (1455-1913) u tri toma koji su objavljeni u izdanju Crnogorske akademije nauka i umjetnosti. Moje zadovoljstvo je tim veće jer su za ovaj zaista veliki naučni i izdavački poduhvat promotori poštovana koleginica prof. dr. Ema Miljković, profesor Univeziteta iz Beograda i kolega, prvo svjetsko ime osmanistike akademik Ilber Oltayli.
More...
Review of: Berin Bajrić - Dželila Babović, KASIDE BOSANSKIH PJESNIKA NA ARAPSKOM JEZIKU, Orijentalni institut u Sarajevu, Posebna izdanja LV, Sarajevo, 2019, 225 str. Munir Mujić - Mirza Sarajkić, POETIKA OTPORA U DJELU MAHMUDA DERVIŠA, Univerzitet u Sarajevu – Orijentalni institut, Sarajevo, Posebna izdanja LVI, 2019, 271 str. Amina Šiljak Jesenković - Adnan Kadrić, KONTRASTIRANJE BOSANSKOG I TURSKOG JEZIKA U 19. STOLJEĆU: BILINGVALNA GRAMATIKA BOSANSKI TURSKI UČITELJ IBRAHIMA EDHEMA BERBIĆA, Orijentalni institut i Institut za jezik Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Sarajevo, 2018, 275 str. Elma Dervišbegović - Şakir Bayhan, BOSANSKO-TURSKI FRAZEOLOŠKI RJEČNIK / BOŞNAKÇA – TÜRKÇE DEYİMLER SÖZLÜĞÜ, Türk Dil Kurumu, Ankara, 2018, 279 str. Emina Mostić - Haz. Semih Tezcan, Emine Yılmaz, Nurettin Demir, “ANDREAS TIETZE, TARİHÎ VE ETİMOLOJİK TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİ LUGATI, TOM I-VI”, Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi (TÜBA) Yayınları, Ankara, 2016 – 2018. Sanja Virovec - Sıdıka Dursun, TÜRKÇEDE ETTİRGEN YAPILAR, Grafiker Yayınları, Ankara, 2018, 182 s. Madžida Mašić - Sabina Bakšić, Alena Ćatović, KNJIŽEVNA BAŠTINA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE NA OSMANSKOM TURSKOM JEZIKU: PRAGMATIČKA DIMENZIJA, Univerzitet u Sarajevu – Orijentalni institut, Posebna izdanja LVIII, Sarajevo, 2019, 180 str. Madžida Mašić - Amina Šiljak Jesenković, UVOD U HISTORIJU I TEORIJU POETSKE FORME MESNEVIJE NA TURSKOM JEZIKU, Orijentalni institut u Sarajevu, Posebna izdanja XLIX, Sarajevo, 2017, 214 str. Aida Smailbegović - Šukrullah b. Šihabuddin Ahmed al- Zaki, RADOST HRONIKA (naslov originala: Bahğatu-t-tawārīḫ), preveo s perzijskog Ahmed Zildžić, Bošnjački institut - Fondacija Adila Zulfikarpašića, Sarajevo, 2018, 366 + 271 (+ 12 kolor faksimila) Muamer Hodžić - Muḥammad al-ʼArnāʼūṭ, ALBŪSNA WA AL-HARSAK HILĀL AL-ḤUKM AL-ʻUṮMĀNĪ, al-Ān, ʻAmmān, 2019, 292 str. Elma Korić - Muamer Hodžić, FOČA SJEDIŠTE HERCEGOVAČKOG SANDŽAKA, Univerzitet u Sarajevu – Orijentalni institut, Posebna izdanja LIX, Sarajevo, 2019, 246 str. Behija Zlatar - SIDŽIL TEŠANJSKOG KADILUKA IZ DRUGE POLOVINE XVIII VIJEKA (1165-1204/1752-1790), S osmansko-turskog preveo: Abdulah Polimac, Upoređenje prevedenog teksta sa originalom, dopune prijevoda: Salih Trako i dr. Lamija Hadžiosmanović, Priredio: Aladin Husić (uvod, napomene i rječnik termina), Monumenta Turcica Historiam Slavorum Meridionalium Illustrantia, Tomus tertiusdecimus, Serija V, Sidžili, Knjiga 2, Opća biblioteka Tešanj i Orijentalni institut Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Sarajevo, 2019, 322 str. Lamija Hatibović - BEÇİN DEFİNESİ, Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, Ankara 2015, I (XXXII + 543) + II (519 + 81 str.) DER MÜNZSCHATZ VON BEÇİN, Österreichische Akademie Der Wissenschaften, Wien, 2010, I (XXXVI+556) + II (519+81 str.) Lamija Hatibović - Orlin Sabev, WAITING FOR MÜTEFERRİKA: GLIMPSES OF OTTOMAN PRINT CULTURE, Academic Studies Press, Boston 2018., (XXIII+143 str.)
More...
The Russian Tsarist, who completed his political unity in Ivan the Great, undertook modernization movements by turning his direction to the West during the period of Petro I. The Petro reforms are under the rule of Tsar II. Katerina continued to take control of the scattered Muslim tribes in the Russian Tsarist region. The Russian Tsar has exerted political, economic and cultural pressure on the Muslim population. The resistance against Russia, particularly Turkestan and the Caucasus, continued until the late 19th century. The inability of the Muslims of Russia to overcome the national and local commitments and the absence of a national consciousness prevented their unification. In addition, political instability in the region, poor management, poverty, the problems caused by being trapped between Russia and China weakened the resistance of Muslims in the region. The traditional forms of resistance to Russian occupations remained insufficient. Tatars, fighting against Russian expansionism, gained significant gains by mediating trade between Russia and Turkestan. The Tatar bourgeoisie, which showed improvement, made economic moves in the region, especially Kazan. With the fall of Turkestan to Russia, the Tatars, whose position is in danger, have sought remedies against Russian expansionism. The movement led by the first Tatar intellectuals such as Sehabeddin Mercani and Abdulkayyum Nasıri was put into a systematic form by İsmail Gaspıralı. İsmail Gaspıralı has supported the modernization efforts of Muslims in Russia and has been the pioneer of reforms, particularly education and culture. The aim of Gaspirali is to educate Russian Muslims according to the conditions of the times, to give them a national consciousness and to create a powerful Turkish bourgeoisie against Russian expansionism. For this purpose, he aimed to unite the whole Turkic world. The Turkish Union, which started as a cultural program, became a political target with the support of the Ottoman intellectuals. Gaspıralı developed long-term literacy learning time to 40 days with the phonetic method he developed and opened Cedit schools in Turkistan. Gaspıralı's motto “unity in language, idea and work together” has become a common slogan for Ottoman and Russian Turks.
More...
Kitap Tanıtımı/Book Review: Bruce Masters, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Arapları 1516-1918: Sosyal ve Kültürel Bir Tarih, Çev. Feray Coşkun, İstanbul: Doğan Kitap, Haziran 2017.
More...
The article deals with the contribution of Sebastian Sierakowski (Cracow prelate, academic, and politician) to the formation of the myth of Cracow as the “city-monument” to the historic glory of Poland in the era of Duchy of Warsaw and Free City of Cracow. The author discusses Sierakowski’s various undertakings of a commemorative, editorial or architectural and artistic character.
More...
The article examines national psychology and its development in Bulgaria in the second half of ХІХ and the first half of XX century in the context of the Revival and the notions and images of the Bulgarian associated with it. It is hypothesized and argued that thinking of national psychology as of an instrument for selective actualization of what is reckoned as original Bulgarian traits is heuristic for understanding the political uses of the descriptions of the people and its character. A specific type of discursive approach in the descriptions of the Bulgarians is identified and analyzed – one that reaffirms the value of what is Bulgarian by an utterance of negative traits.
More...
The paper analyzes the relation between universalism and patriotism in the work of the most prominent Serbian writer of the Enlightenment, Dositej Obradović (around 1739-1811). In his young days Obradović was inspired to write books in Serbian vernacular language when his translations of John Chrysostom homilies were warmly accepted amongst literate but formally uneducated girls. Thus, Obradović’s wish to write in vernacular language, stemming from love for the “daughters and sons of my kin”, predated his acceptance of the Enlightenment. Obradović then easily accepted pedagogical ideas of the Enlightenment as the best way to express love for his people as “the never-ending desire and endeavor to cause the well-being and perfection of our loved ones”. His patriotism mainly focused on self-improvement and self-fulfillment of every individual and was compatible with the universal ideas of the 18th century: advocated realization of the Enlightenment ideals within a specific nation.
More...
This paper explores the shifting economic dynamics on the island of Crete during the transition from Venetian to Ottoman rule in the seventeenth century. We will examine the impact of the long war between the two powers on the Cretan economy, focusing on the dispersion of the rural population, emerging settlement patterns and the overall spatial redevelopment of the landscape during and after the Cretan war. We focus especially on the environmental regional diversity of the island’s hinterland. Our analysis takes into account not only the Venetian and the Ottoman land policies enforced upon Crete but also the parameters of the geography and the natural environment, as they both helped shape much of agrarian activity on the island. As cartography plays a crucial role in deepening our understanding of this process, we utilized the digital toolset of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in order to produce several maps with our findings.
More...
The purpose of the article is to identify the cultural significance of urban fortification structures located on Ukrainian lands belonging to the Russian Empire. The methodology of the study includes the use of general logical methods of scientific knowledge: analysis, synthesis, analogy, as well as special historical research methods: genetic, used to identify the causes and consequences of events, and comparative – to clarify the general and particular in historical processes; In addition, an important methodological principle of research is the cultural contextualization of fortification monuments, which means treating them as part of the urban cultural landscape. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the article is in the study of the transformation of Ukrainian fortifications from military objects into historical and cultural monuments. Conclusion. From the second half of the 18th century, the concept of an "open city" free from fortifications spread to Ukraine, which was part of the Russian Empire. This caused the destruction of a significant part of urban fortifications. But thanks to the development during the 19th century archaeological science fortification monuments were assessed as an important part of the historical heritage and an element of the urban cultural landscape, worthy of study and preservation. An important role in this matter since the end of the 19th century played scientific societies.
More...
In this text we offer an overview of Festini’s works on history of Croatian philosophy. The article is divided in five parts in which we discuss Festini’s attitude towards Croatian Renaissance philosophers, eighteenth and nineteenth century Croatian philosophers, and two philosophers from the twentieth century (Vladimir Filipović and Marija Brida). Majority of Festini’s texts were published in the journal Prilozi za istraživanje hrvatske filozofske baštine.
More...
The changed correlation of the Great Powers in Southeastern Europe in the second half of the 18th century placed the Republic of Ragusa (or Republic of Dubrovnik) in an unenviable political situation. The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (1774) diminished the influence of the Ottoman Empire among the European Great Powers, highlighting Russia as the protector of the Christian Orthodox subjects of the Empire. That was stipulated in Paragraphs 7 and 14 of the Treaty, which authorised Russia to defend the Christian faith in the Ottoman Empire. The death of Empress Maria Theresa and the ascension to the throne of Joseph II resulted in warmer diplomatic relations between Russia and Austria. The appearance of the new ruler was accompanied by accelerated processes of dividing the new spheres of influence, reflected in the intensified diplomatic correspondence. In this way, the Republic of Ragusa proved to be in the field of the new geostrategic realignment of Southeastern Europe, which had attracted proven and lasting Habsburg interest with the defensive wars against the Ottomans waged for two centuries. The actual dividing of Poland was the overture to the geostrategic plans of the European powers and a kind of alarm signal sent to the small states in Europe, which expressed a passive attitude to a greater or lesser extent to historical events at that time. While the accord was taking shape, a part of the information reached Dubrovnik with the reports and the intelligence, resulting in the dispatching of the diplomat Luka Sorkočević to Vienna. It is universally accepted that the Republic of Ragusa with its centennial diplomatic tradition had a well developed diplomatic and intelligence network, and it defended its national interests at all costs. On the occasion of the choice of Joseph II to become Emperor of Austria, the Republic of Dubrovnik sent the talented diplomat with courtly manners and love for the art of music, Luka Sorkočević, who accepted his post and left in September. In the course of his journey, he wrote down the daily events of his diplomatic mission. His diary is kept at the State Archives of Dubrovnik (Državni arhiv Dubrovnika), in the Memoriae Department, but the diary is not completely preserved. The personal nature of the information contained in it makes it an extremely important document reflecting the political processes in the Austrian royal court, as well as the attempts of the Dubrovnik diplomat to gather as much information as possible for his fatherland. At the same time, the diary is a particularly valuable source for studying the diplomatic moves in Vienna society of that time and the exercising of high politics in Europe during that period.
More...
This paper addresses the issue of construction of waqf buildings in the Sanjak of Herzegovina during the 17th century. On the basis of archival material found in various archives in Sarajevo, Mostar, Dubrovnik, Istanbul and several monastic archives in Dalmatia, information on sacral and profane objects, their names, date of establishment and the names of the founders was provided. The paper equally follows the establishment of endowments, regardless of confessional affiliation.
More...
The article deals with some aspects of the spiritual development, social activity, and the relationship between Vasil Cholakov and Marin Drinov. V. Cholakov is one of the first Bulgarians to receive training in Russia. Later, it was he who helped M. Drinov and N. Bonchev to follow in his footsteps. The article reveals the relations between them in the process of publishing the “Bulgarian Folk Collection” by V. Cholakov. The importance of the national culture for the preservation and development of the Bulgarians within the Ottoman Empire is also examined. The second problem addressed in the article is the attitude of M. Drinov and V. Cholakov to foreign religious propaganda and their struggle for the preservation of Orthodoxy. These aspects of their activities are essential in examining the struggle for the spiritual elevation and preservation of Bulgarians.
More...
Hermannstadt, das in seiner 800-jährigen Geschichte ein Hauptort der Siebenbürger Sachsen war, blickt auf eine wechselvolle Geschichte zurück, während derer die Bedeutung der Stadt vergleichbar war mit der wichtiger Städte in Ost- und Mitteleuropa wie Breslau/ Wrocław, Görlitz, Stralsund, Danzig/Gdańsk und Krakau/Kraków. Daneben gab es auch Zeiten großer Not, politischer und sozialer Demütigungen und weitgehender Zerstörung der wirtschaftlichen Grundlagen der Stadt.
More...
In der täglichen Durchsetzung wirtschaftlicher, politischer und kultureller Interessen durch Personen, Gemeinschaften oder andere Handlungsträger gehört die Repräsentation als Darstellung von Macht bzw. Machtanspruch zu den elementaren Äußerungsformen gesellschaftlichen Lebens. Dementsprechend begegnet sie uns in allen geschichtlichen Epochen und in vielfältiger Form. Art, Umfang und Form von Macht erfassen wir in direkter Interaktion häufig intuitiv, also ohne Hinterfragung oder sachlicher Analyse. Um also diese Faktoren der Zurschaustellung von Macht und Vormachtstellung in ihrem Entstehen, ihren Absichten und Wechselwirkungen zu verstehen, müssen wir sie einer systematischen und umfassenden Untersuchung unterziehen, die auch die soziokulturellen Rahmenbedingungen berücksichtigt. Einen Teil dieser Rahmenbedingungen bilden dabei unzweifelhaft auch Fragestellungen zur Urbanistik und des Städtebaus.
More...