Księgozbiory i książki rękopiśmienne w prawodawstwie ogólnym zakonu Braci Mniejszych w późnym średniowieczu
The article presents the subject of studio and library legislation in the Order of Friars Minor in the late-medieval period.
More...We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The article presents the subject of studio and library legislation in the Order of Friars Minor in the late-medieval period.
More...
The article focuses on a number of philosophical and theological bases for the Krakow conciliarism of the 1st half of the 15th century as a powerful reform movement
More...
Mazovia, including the Liwiec river area, is not sufficiently recognized in archeological and historical respect. Little is known about milling here, the most important rural industry, although the recognition of source resources to study it is increasing from year to year, which is connected with the publication of successive volumes of The Historical-Geographical Dictionary of Polish Lands in the Middle Ages. The present article is an example. Its basis includes mainly the mills grant acts, purchase and sale confirmations and other actions related to the building and work of mills as well as royal lands inspections and tax registers. The article describes the history of mills built on the river Czerwonka, which is the left tributary of the river Liwiec, the left tributary of the river Bug. This watercourse is a small stream, 13 km in length. Nowadays it is called Struga (Stream) along almost all its length. This fact is probably the reason why erroneous information appeared in the literature of the subject concerning its confluence and names of its tributaries, which was corrected. The following villages were situated on the river Czerwonka: Czerwonka, belonging to the ducal (later royal) domain, noblemen’s villages – Krypy(-Mścichy), Orzechowo, Wąsosz and Karczewiec, and one village with a changing ownership status, namely (Krypy-)Wyczołki, which ultimately became a part of the Liwiec parish priest’s property. Except Karczewiec, each of them had a water mill. The source basis to describe their history is differentiated and incomplete, which – as a consequence – does not allow for full reconstruction of their history. The biggest number of sources refers to one of the ducal mills built at the estuary of the river Czerwonka, north of the duke’s village of Grodzisko. Hence its name of Nadolny mill. The mill, together with two neighbouring ones, remained in the hands of the millers’ family of Ryszkowie for a few generations. With time, a small settlement was established around them, named Ryszki, which existed till the end of the 19th century. As it seems, the origins of the village Wyczołki, established on the grounds of the western part of the village Krypy and with changing ownership, is connected with the construction of the mill at the estuary of the river Grudowka, the right tributary of the river Czerwonka. There is considerable likelihood that the name of this village is based on the word wyczołek, meaning ‘a part of the protruding building.’ That could have been the name of a part of the mill where the water wheel was. Next, the name began to cover the mill and – as a consequence – its plural form started to refer to the inhabitants of the village established near it, and next the village itself. It follows from the sources that all mills described come from the 15th century, from the ducal period, especially during the reign of Janusz I the Older. The article provides a short description of the principles of mill ownership as well as selected items of the mill law and the type of the mills (undershot) and the accompanying infrastructure. Besides, the millers’ duties and the size of the milling yield were referred to and information on the fees directed to the royal treasury was included. Not all mills survived till the second half of the 18th century, when the first maps documenting their presence appeared. That is why not in each case is it possible to determine their exact location. Only the mills in Krypy(-Mścichy) and in Wyczołki survived.
More...
L’étude ci-présent se propose d’analyser certaines expressions latines et leur application et utilisation dans des textes juridiques italiens. Même quand la langue italienne s’est consolidée, le latin est resté en effet une part de la terminologie juridique à travers les expressions, les syntagmes et les locutions typiques. Néanmoins, dans le cadre du langage juridique, il devient particulièrement important de réfléchir sur l’utilisation du latin comme moyen de transmission de l’origine de la culture juridique. Et, en outre, on ne peut pas ignorer le fait que le latin juridique est un patrimoine culturel commun de beaucoup de pays européens, autant qu’exprime la continuité et l’hérédité universelle du droit romain et développe le rôle de mix culturel et d’instrument de connaître
More...
The region of Rama in Bosnia and Herzegovina is not very rich with historical findings such as those on the coast and inland Dalmatia, Slavonia or parts of Central Bosnia (specifically the Jajce-Vrbas region), and those which remained from the Middle Ages, ancient times were regularly abandoned, negligent, damaged by the effects of weather and natural disasters or endangered by the actions of foreign armies in transit, particularly in the period of 1942-1945., 1992-1994. Therefore, an unusual and fascinating discovery on hill Gradac near willage Ljubunci in eastern Rama, about which I wrote in the summer of 2011, is an interesting example of unusual secrets as well as the special cultural and historical riches that our country is jealously hiding. In the gallery of the historical sites in Prozor-Rama, Gradac takes a very important place.
More...
Srednjovjekovna historija Bosne i Hercegovine, pa i grada Zvornika nije u potpunosti rasvijetljena. Pisanih izvori historijski period su skromni, a prostor još uvijek nije dovoljno arheološki istražen. Grad Zvornik se nalazi na čvorištu cesta koje su još od antike spajale primorske gradove prema Panoniji (Sirmijumu), bogatim nalazištima ruda (Domavija – Srebrenica i rudnika na području današnje Srbije). Ovim cestama su karavane transpotovale robe u srednjem vijeku. Manjak pisanih izvora nije bio razlog da se prošlost Zvornika ne istražuje. Njegov strateški značaj, postojanje utvrđenog grada, podgrađa, brojnih ostataka materijalne kulture, te blizina rudonosne Srebrenice su uticali na njegov spomen u historijskim izvorima. Dubrovački arhiv, te historiografija Bosne i Hercegovine i Srbije ponudila je dosta podataka. Rasprave Đoke Mazalića, Desanke Kovačević, Edina Mutapčića su doprinijele rekonstrukciji prošlosti ovog grada. Svakako da historije srednjovjekovne bosanske države Sime Ćirkovića, Vladimra Ćorovića, Nade Klaić i drugih u značajnoj mjeri daju doprinos poznavanju historije Zvornika. Radovi Marka Vege, Hamdije Kreševljakovića i Husrefa Redžića o utvrđenim gradovima takođe daju vrijedne podatke gradu o Zvorniku. Naslovi koji tretiraju privredni razvoj srednjovjekovne Bosne Desanke Kovačević i Mihaila Dančića daju obilje podataka o Zvorniku i njegovim upravljačima. Potrebno je skrenuti pažnju na vrijedan doprinos autora Mehmeda Hudovića, Dževada Tosunbegovića, a posebno Alije Uzunovića koji su svojim knjigama učinili da se o prošlosti Zvornika i njegovoj okolini više sazna. Uprkos navedenom, rasvetljavanju bogate historije srednjovjekovnog Zvornika može se još doprinijeti. Rad „Zvornik i okolina u srednjem vijeku“ će treirati neka od pitanja iz njegove bogate prošlosti. U dijelu o gradu Zvorniku se raspravlja o pitanju porijekla njegova naziva i vremena nastanka. Zvornička tvrđava je jedno od značajnih graditeljskih vrijednosti Bosne i Hercegovine, ali i mjesto privredne aktivnosti u prvim desetljećima XV stoljeća, te se i ova pitanja razmatraju. Političke prilike Zvornika i njegove okoline su bile uslovljenje regionalnim događajima. Važan period u srednjovjekovne historije Zvornika, doprinos u političkim i drugim događajima dali su članovi porodice Zlatonosović. U trećem dijelu rada ukratko je predstavljena okolina Zvornika sa najvažnijim ostacima materijalne kulture, sa posebnim osvrtom na utvrđeni grad Kušlat i njegovo podgrađe.
More...
U najširem smislu posmatrana, djelatnost zaštite kulturno historijskog naslijeđa obuhvata sve oblike kulturnih dobara koja mogu biti tradicionalna ili netradicionalna po svom porijeklu i značenju. Ova podjela je iznimno značajna budući da se djela moderne i tradicionalne umjetnosti bitno razlikuju. Aktuelni pristup zaštiti kulturnih dobara ne poznaje ovu razliku i temelji se na modernim principima zaštite. Ovi principi proizilaze iz pozante Venecijanske povelje iz 1964. godine i predstavljaju polazište u pristupu zaštitikako djela moderne isto tako i tradicionalne umjetnosti. Ovakav pristup je, međutim, veoma problematičan s obzirom da je riječ o kulturnim dobrima koja su nastala na različitim kulturno-umjetničkim paradigmama modernoj i tradicionalnoj. Naime isti pristup zaštiti suštinski različitih kulturnih dobara nije adekvatan. To se naročito prepoznaje analizom principa autentičnosti kao osnovnog parametra vrijednosti svakog kulturnog dobra. Naime autentičnost ima različito značenje zavisno od toga da li je riječ o djelima moderne ili tradicionalne umjetnosti. Autentičnost tradicionalnih umjetničkih djela odnosi se na tradicionalne umjetničke forme kao odraz tradicionalnog stila koji jenadindividualan po porijeklu i značenju dok se autentičnost modernih, netradicionalnih umjetničkih formi odnosi na stilske karakteristike koje su vezane za autore ovih umjetničkih tvorbi koji su individualistički po karakteru. Drugim rječima rečeno autentičnost tradicionalnih umjetničkih formi se odnosi na vjerodostojnost prenesenih umjetničkih obrazaca koji su neovisni od autora njihovih realizacija dok se autentičnost modernih umjetničkih oblika odnosi na vjerodostojnost umjetničkih formi čije su ideje i realizacije odraz individualiteta njihovih autora. Prema tome, potrebno je napraviti razliku između različitih umjetničkih realizacija koje su se sačuvale u vidu slikanih slojeva na zidnim površinama spomenika kulture što znači primjereniji pristup njihovoj zaštiti zavisno od toga da li zatečene umjetničke realizacije predstavljaju djela moderne ili tradicionalne umjetnosti.
More...
JU Zavod za zaštitu i korištenje kulturno-historijskog i prirodnog naslijeđa Tuzlanskog kantona je uradio projekat Stećci Tuzlanskog kantona. Svjesni lošeg stanja u kojem se nalazi veliki broj nekropola stećaka kao i pojedinačnih stećaka na području Tuzlanskog kantona, izazvanog različitim faktorima – zubom vremena, nebrigom i neadekvatnom zaštitom, nestručnim i nesavjesnim radom, projektom „Stećci Tuzlanskog kantona“ nastojali smo potaknuti i podsjetiti mlade, lokalnu zajednicu, vladine i nevladine organizacije i institucije, na značaj kulturno-historijskog blaga kojeg imamo.
More...
Studia nad korespondencją są jak wiadomo częścią dociekań w zakresie komunikacji społecznej. Podejmowano je dawno, chociaż dopiero od lat 60. XX w. nabrały nowego kształtu, a termin „komunikacja” pojawił się po raz pierwszy w pracy mediewistycznej ponoć dopiero w książkach Michaela Richtera w lat 70. XX w., ponad pół wieku po zdefi niowaniu tego terminu przez Charles’a Hortona Cooleya na gruncie socjologii i psychologii społecznej. Tymczasem w Polsce badania nad komunikacją w miastach pozostają na wstępnym etapie w stosunku do historiografi i zachodnioeuropejskiej, w której od dawna i wciąż powstają studia nad tym zagadnieniem ujęte z różnych perspektyw.
More...
Review of: Mikołaj Tomaszewski - Andrzej Radzimiński, Kobieta w średniowiecznej Europie, Wydawnictwo Naukowe UMK, Toruń 2012, ss. 351
More...
Glubczyce area covers Southern part of Opole Voivodeship. It is bordered with the Czech Republic in the south and west. From 1038 or 1039 this territory was taken away from Poland and since then it belonged to the Czech Republic. From 1526 it was under Habsburg Monarchy. In 1742 it went under control of Prussia and was not returned to Poland until 1945.In the Church terms, the territory belonged to the Czech diocese and from 1777 it belonged to Olomouc archdiocese. In 1751 Frederic II, the king of Prussia,appointed Olomouc Bishop Commissioner with his registered Office in Glubczyce County. The bishop became the intermediary between the governing bodies of Prussia and Olomouc Bishopric governed by Habsburg monarchy.Prelate Joseph Martin Nathan was the last Archbishop Commissioner. Не wasserving in Braniče, Glubczyce County. In 1924 prelate Nathan was given the title of Vicar General, and in 1943 he received the title of Provisional Bishop. After World War II the General Vicariate in Braniče was cancelled and its area went under control of Polish Apostle Administration of Silesia, Opole.
More...
The essential starting point of this study has to do mostly with movements of people in Medieval times throughout the world, but paying special attention to the particular way Jews moved from one place to another in those times. Its main purpose is to understand why they dared such dangerous travels, even risking their lives, suffering most of the times really painful conditions; or, to put it in another way, which were the motivations that impelled them to set out on a travel of that kind. My tentative contention is that, reflecting on how they moved about in medieval times, and for which specific reasons they did so; we may understand better some of the features that made Jews identifiable throughout history.
More...
Review of: Paweł Kucypera, Piotr Pranke, Sławomir Wadyl, Wczesnośredniowieczne toporki miniaturowe, Toruń 2011, ss. 149
More...
Časopis Naše Starine kao godišnje glasilo Zavoda za zaštitu spomenika kulture, prirodnih znamenitosti i rijetkosti Bosne i Hercegovine ustanovljen je 1953. godine, te je objavljen ukupno u 23 broja. U radu se revalorizira značaj i uloga godišnjaka Naše Starine u sklapanju šire slike historijske istine o srednjovjekovnim bosanskim nadgrobnim spomenicima-stećcima. Obavještavajući o akcijama i rezultatima zaštite i proučavanja spomenika kulture u Bosni i Hercegovini ovaj se časopis, čiji su sastavni dio i elaborati istraživanja eminentnih stručnjaka ove problematike, s razlogom svrstava u respektabilna glasila ove vrste. Kroz izvještaje o radu Zavoda publikovane u časopisu autor posmatra djelatnost uposlenika ove institucije u domenu konzervatorsko-restauratorskih aktivnosti na stećcima.
More...
Les traductions bibliques anciennes tchèques, a partir de la fin du XIV siecle jusqu’ au XVI siècle, constituaient une de plus importantes sources de l’influence du tchèque sur le polonais. Depuis de plus d’un siècle et demie, le problème de l’influence des anciennes traductions tchèques de l’Ecriture Sainte sur la lanque, la littérature et la culture polonaises était l'objet de l’intérêt de plusieurs savants tchèques et polonais. Mais des recherches scientifiques systématique, basées sur une analyse comparée des textes particuliers, n’on été commencées qu’après la deuxième guerre mondiale. C’est M. Stanislas Urbańczyk qui les a initiées par sa dissertation fondamentale sur la Bible de la reine Sophie (Kraków 1946), complétée plus tard du côté tchèque par les études de M. Vladimir Kyas, qui en comparant de nombreux manuscrits tchèques avec des monuments polonais isolés a établi des modèles tchèques pour la Bible de la reine Sophie, pour les mammotrepts anciens polonais ainsi que pour les psautiers Les éditions critiques des monuments bibliques polonais avec les textes parallèles tchèques (de la Bible de la reine Sophie - Wrocław 1965—1971 et des Mammotrepts anciens polonais - Wrocław 1977-1980) constituent une base indispensable pour les recherches des influences tchèques sur le polonais. Au cour des ces recherches on ne peut pourtant pas renonser au texte latin de la Vulgate en tant que source réelle ou potentielle aussi pour le texte polonais, et en analysant des écarts de la Vulgate, aussi essentiels dans les recherches confrontatives, il est nécessaire de prendre en considération des sources auxiliaires latines: gloses, commentaires, dictionnaires bibliques, postilles - très populaires au Moyen Âge et largement répandues aussi en Pologne. C’est la comparaison des réalités bibliques dans les traductions tchèques et polonaises qui joue également un rôle important dans ces recherches, car elle rélève parfois des solutions individuelles des traducteurs particuliers. Mes propres recherches dans ce domaine ont décélé plusieurs particularités même dans ces monuments polonais pour lesquels on a découvert des modèles tchèques correspondants. Ceci atteste le fait qu’indépendament des modèles tchèques une vieille tradition indigène devait exister ici.
More...
Der Aufsatz stellt einige altpolnische Eigennamen dar, denen aus westeuropäischen Sprachen entlehnte literarische Motive zugrunde liegen. Das sind Namen von Helden mittelalterlicher Hofüteratur und Ritterdichtung (XI.-XIII. Jh.). Ihre Gegenwart in der altpolnischen Anthroponymie zeugt mittelbar von Kontakten mit der literarischen Kultur Europas zu dieser Zeit.
More...
Das Eindringen der Schriftsprache in alle Lebensbereiche des Landes im XVI. Jh. war möglich, weil hierfür schon früher solide Grundlagen gesellen wurden. Mit der Entwicklung der Gerichtshöfe auf dem Lande wie in Städten (Land- und Magdeburger Gerichte), mit der massenhaften Katechese, sowie mit der Entwicklung der Pfarrschulen und darüber hinaus infolge der wachsenden beruflichen Bedürfnisse wurde die polnische Sprache im späten Mittelalter immer mehr zum universalen Mittel der Fixierung menschlicher Tätigkeit, der Gefühle und des Stellenwertes des Menschen in Zeit und Raum.
More...
The beginnings of organizing Ulcinj pirate groups date from the XIV century. Ulcinj pirates operate their fusts, brigantines and frigates throughout the Adriatic, from Ulcinj to Istria, and the rest of the Mediterranean, collaborating occasionally with berber pirates. Probably, during the XIV century, and in the Middle Ages, Ulcinj enjoyed the voice of a strong autochthon pirate center. Ulcinj pirate was the most intense in the 16th and 17th centuries. From Coronel's data from 1696, we learn that the Ulcinjians were professionally engaged in piracy and that for this purpose they kept their fusts in a nearby bay to the Ulcinj Old Town (fortress). Farlatti writes that Ulcinj is a pirate station, the last town in Dalmatia. Among the famous pirate leaders in Ulcinj are mentioned: Hadzi Ali, Lika Ceni, Ali Hodzha, Hussein Rejzi, Hadzi Gjyli, Ali Korz, Ulus (Uruk) Ali, Hajder and Mustafa Karamindzhoy.
More...