Spatial Segregation and Politics of Equilibrium in Mersin: Unintended Consequences of Forced Migration

Author(s): Bediz Yılmaz / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

More than twenty years after the peak of forced migration process, we have an important bulk of knowledge related to this phenomenon thanks to many academic works conducted on its political as well as social aspects. We know that, being an involuntary form of migration, it differs considerably from the economic (i.e. voluntary) waves of migration both quantitatively and qualitatively: it is massive, unprepared neither in material nor immaterial terms, it leaves the migrants deprived of supporting resources from the village, the hostile environment in the urban setting marked by a stigmatising discourse. Thus, the consequences related to the integration-adaptation-survival of the forced migrants in the cities are also different.

Národní divadlo jako symbolické centrum paměti

Author(s): Kamil Činátl / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The study uses methodology “cultural memory studies” to feature the National Theater as a place of memory. It focuses on the building as a symbol and attempts to describe the way, in which the symbolic architecture represents the past and enters the memory praxis of the nation (decoration of the theater, canonical repertoire, festivities, collections and so-called theater trains as actions of national participation). The author adds a dynamic extent of remembrance to a traditional approach – place of memory as a depository of representations of history. He contemplates the National Theater as an “empty place” – a framework of a specific social and cultural context to deliver substance of the past. The study analyses the process of the National Theater constitution as a place of memory – especially in the connection with the 1881 fire. This “national tragedy” symbolized one of the most powerful experiences of the modern Czech nation, that as a strong shared affection reflected itself in the process of constitution of the national identity. In this instance the study utilizes theme of trauma used by Aleida Assmann in the frame of the memory studies. The study uses a few cases to demonstrate memory praxis closely linked to a symbolic space of the National Theater (production of the Čapek’s theater play the White Disease (Bílá nemoc) in 1937, role of the theater during political changes in 1989).

Autonomija u simbiozi. Friedrich Engels i kritika političke ekonomije

Author(s): Alpar Lošonc / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Engels was much more than an interpreter-mediator of Marx, and cannot be reduced to the subject of deforming the writer of Capital: we want to show this on crucial ground, where it flares up the leading thought of Marx. It is a critique of political economy. Unlike liberal conception of inscribed boundaries in the social “body”, namely, for unlike the regime of establishing boundaries between politics and economics (which ends with the denial of the existence of a politics in the sphere of production), the critique of political economy points to the intersection of politics and economy at the level of totality, and finds politics in the deepest layers of the economy, denying its neutrality. And exactly in this domain Engels’s constitutive approach should be shown. It is a contribution that is dependent on Marx’s efforts, but became an integral part of the endeavor of two theoreticians. Our paper analyzes three issues: the emergence of the English proletariat, the housing issue, and simple commodity production. We show contradictions in Engels’ discourse, but we prove that Engels did not give up on the revolution that would transcend capitalism and that he remained faithful to this project.

Socijalna filozofija Friedricha Engelsa - Dijalektički empirizam i historijski materijalizam

Author(s): Ankica Čakardić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

In The Poverty of Theory (1978) E. P. Thompson after a long period of theoretical silence in Marxist literature – especially “Western Marxism” – brings Friedrich Engels back in the very center of historical-materialist studies. Even though Thompson’s primary preoccupation is focused on a critique of Louis Althusser’s structuralist Marxism, he will simultaneously try to defend historical materialism from abstract and ahistorical theories by using Engels’ empirical template. Following Thompson, and in a similar vein, Marxist economist Paul Sweezy, in his introduction to his Four Lectures on Marxism, will strongly emphasize the importance of Engels’ approach to the dialectics and his critique of mechanistic and reductionist theoretical procedures. In this paper, we will try to briefly examine mentioned epistemological discussions inclined by Engels’ philosophy, but also take into account some of the recent eco-Marxist (John Bellamy Foster, Paul Burkett, Elmar Altvater) and feminist analyses (Lise Vogel, Michèle Barrett) which affirm but also criticize certain aspects of Engels’s social philosophy. In a way, we will try to give an overview and examine Engels’ presence in contemporary philosophy and theory in general, on the 200th anniversary of his birth.

Strateško istraživanje u doba društvene krize - Mladi Friedrich Engels u Manchesteru

Author(s): Michael Brie / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

In the article I discuss the process of Engels’ search for a social alternative in the conditions of the pre-revolutionary crisis that struck Europe in the early 1940s. Twenty-two-year-old Engels became enthralled with it when he arrived in London in November, 1842. He was young, rebellious, of a brilliant mind and exploratory spirit. He belonged to a generation whose youth coincided with the culmination of the crisis of the Restoration period. Against this background, I want to look at the period that Engels spent between November 1842 and April 1845 in Manchester, where he arrived from his parents’ home in Barmen.

Usporedba nekada i sada - Zašto je Položaj radničke klase u Engleskoj nakon 175 godina u mnogočemu aktualna kritika današnjice

Author(s): Maroje Višić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Author revisits Engels’ study The Condition of the Working Class in England on the occasion of Engels’ 200th anniversary of birth. I examine and compare similarities of what was written 175 ago with contemporaneity. In this endeavour I rely on the same sources as Engels did: newspapers articles, official documents, reports, statistics and scientific studies. Hence the comparison can be made through examining topics such as: precariat and proletariat, migrants and their contribution to the functioning of (neo)capitalism, pregnancy and maternity discrimination, accommodation of workers and working conditions, housing and living conditions, the impact of the technological principle on the architecture and design of cities and districts, starvation and food insecurity and through artificial division of working and leisure time. I do not argue that things have remained completely unchanged. However, my examination reveals that in spite of the advancement in the past 175 years, same conditions that Engels described prevail mutatis mutandis today.

Aktualnost Engelsovog teksta - Razvitak socijalizma od utopije do nauke

Author(s): Vera A. Vratuša Žunjić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This work examines the actuality of Engels’ text The Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science in the first fifth of the twenty–first century, taking into account the historical experience acquired within the hundred and forty years after its first release in 1880. The basic method used in the preparation of this work is the analysis of the content of Engels’ writings and its contextualisation within the historical specific social economic circumstances during the time of Engels’ life and today. The main finding of this work is that actuality of Engel’s text Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science rests on the continual existence of the capitalist mode of production internal contradictions, which, according to Engels, utopian socialism overlooked, but which scientific socialism has discovered through new historical materialist and dialectical study of class conflicts throughout human history. The main contradiction between the only socially usable production forces and private appropriation of the unapid for surplus labor of non possesing productive classes on the anarchic world market by the classes who posses the means of production, has not been overcome until our days. In the world proportions there still did not happen expected realisation of the revolutionary action of the exploited class of hired workers to create conditions for the leap into the realm of freedom, that is the taking of control of freely united producers over their own product. Elements of the utopianism of Engels’ writing originate from demoralizing pressure of the devastating consequences of the capitalist production mode, which reduces the conviction of potential subjects of revolutionary class alliance in the possibility of achieving the socialist “realm of freedom”. On the other hand, the author points out in this paper that in the case that there does not come to revolutionary leap from the realm of necessity of the anarchic capitalist merchandise production into the realm of freedom through the self–conscious and self organised revolutionary activity of all exploited and opressed classes, there wil come to the self–annihilation of the planet earth through human destructive, alienated and alienating action of acumulation of capital for the sake of acumulation, long before this annihilation was prediceted by Imanuel Kant and Laplace through the natural evolution of solar system.

Engels između utopijskog i znanstvenog socijalizma

Author(s): Kazimir Majorinc / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The article starts from the thesis that one of the main causes of the problems of building socialism in the 20th century is the neglect of morality in classical Marxism, analyses this neglect through a comparison of utopian and scientific socialism, and briefly follows Engels’ development from utopian socialism to scientific socialism and back. The conclusion is that the lack of morality in classical Marxism is not accidental, but that it is precisely this property that makes it untrue, but also an extremely effective socialist ideology at a time of the great crisis of capitalism. Such an understanding of Marxism is consistent with the important Marxist idea that the purpose of ideologies is not to be true, but to strengthen the economic system. In this sense, Marxism is an ideology of the collapse of capitalism.

Fridrih Engels i seljaštvo

Author(s): Srđan Lj. Šljukić,Marica N. Šljukić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

While K. Marx, when it is about agrarian and rural, mostly dealt with the questions of commercial agriculture, like land rent, work force, etc, his associate F. Engels focused on social position, fate and role of peasantry in (past and expected) revolutions. In this paper we give a review of Engels’s views on peasantry, with an analysis and a critique. With his descriptions of the social position of the German, the French and the Russian peasantry, and of rural commune as one of the traditional institutions of rural society, Engels contributed to sociology. His claims that peasantry must disappear and that it is not capable to protect and promote their own interests, exert a significant influence upon the political practice in the socialist societies of the XX century.

Zemljani put revolucije. Seljačko pitanje u Engelsovim kasnim radovima

Author(s): Bojan Vranić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with the peasant question in the socialist thought of the second half 19th century, with special reference to the work of Friedrich Engels. In the classic socialist literature, the peasant question has long been marked as a marginal question of property, as can best be seen from Marx’s analysis in Louis Bonaparte’s Eighteenth Brimer. Almost half a century later, Engels approaches the peasant question from another angle, considering the problem of small peasants as a cultural, not just an economic problem. The paper will show that Engels’ analysis of the peasant question opened new avenues for socialist theory, which leads to a revision of the classical doctrine of the proletarian revolution and suggests an evolutionary path of social change.

Fridrih Engels o porodici, privatnoj svojini i državi

Author(s): Duško Radosavljević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Questioning the views in the work of Friedrich Engels, “The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State”, is the basic task of our effort to try to point out elements that are already known in the studies of this author, but also to get to know what are the moments from this well-known work, which seem different today as opposed to the period when Engels wrote it. Because, Engels greatly contributed to illuminating the genesis of the state, and the perspective of its development. Of course, considering the phenomena of culture and civilization, letters, analysis of the gentile order, its disintegration, and the formation of a new social organization - the state. This famous and influential book meaningfully describes, analyzes and gives a kind of synthesis of some of the most important phenomena in the development of human society, and the inevitable categories from the domain of social sciences and humanities as well.

Kritika kritične kritike i Sveta porodica: Protiv potiskivanja — za povratak zbilji

Author(s): Katarina Peović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with a relation between historical materialism and idealism – while proving idealism to be a profoundly conservative point of view – proving the thesis through an example of the contemporary political discourse of Zoran Milanović, and his so-called “liberal progressiveness”. Holy Family – Critique of Critical Critique can be read via contemporary examples that supplement materialistic interpretation of liberalism/idealism with the psychoanalytical interpretation of suppression of class conflict. A nature of liberal interpretation of the world vis-à-vis materialistic insights (undoubtedly and with clearness) epistemological and not only by facts – can be seen from The Condition of the Working Class in England, a study of young Engels that will be taken as a foundation of the materialistic understanding of the modernity and related figure of an unaccommodated man. A fundamental possibility of an overcoming of dialectical paradox in the figure of a proletarian as an unaccommodated man (while avoiding idealistic “displacements”), can be found in the development of technology as a possibility of overcoming of the capitalistic mode of production, as a foundation of development and personal freedom that can be achieved only in the community.

Preveravanje Srba u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Milan Koljanin / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Jugoslovenska država je 1918. stvorena na liberalnim načelima, među njima i na načelu slobode veroispovesti i verske ravnopravnosti, baštineći tradiciju Kraljevine Srbije. To načelo je prihvaćeno tokom pregovora o uređenju buduće države sredinom 1917. i uneseno u Ustav nove države. Uvođenje liberalnog građanskog uređenja u jugoslovenskoj državi je omogućilo polet hrvatskog nacionalističkog pokreta oličenog u Hrvatskoj seljačkoj stranci. Rimokatolička crkva (RKC) nije bila zadovoljna svojim položajem u jugoslovenskoj državi. Umesto privilegovanog položaja u dvojnoj monarhiji, ona je posle 1918. bila jedna od priznatih veroispovesti u državi u kojoj je vladar bio pravoslavne vere. Izvestan broj rimokatolika je iz raznih razloga (iz ubeđenja, zbog braka, iz karijerističkih pobuda) prihvatio pravoslavnu veru. Velikodostojnici RKC su izuzetno preuveličavali te brojeve nastojeći i time da dokažu da je ona u neravnopravnom položaju u odnosu na Srpsku pravoslavnu crkvu (SPC). Gašenje političke aktivnosti posle proglašenja diktature kralja Aleksandra januara 1929. otvorilo je prostor RKC da preko masovnih organizacija Katoličke akcije i Križara organizuje jednu od najsnažnijih opozicija režimu. [...]

Rušenje pravoslavnih crkava na području Pakračko-slavonske eparhije početkom Drugog svetskog rata: osvrt iz ugla sačuvane eparhijske arhive

Author(s): Aleksandra Kučeković / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Sudbina imovine Srpske pravoslavne crkve u Nezavisnoj državi Hrvatskoj, na prvom mestu njenih hramova i pripadajućih crkvenih zgrada, često je jugoslovensku, a potom i srpsku istoriografiju interesovala kao sekundarna sastavnica sprovođenja opšteg antisrpskog projekta NDH. Veoma je mali broj specifičnih studija posvećenih ovom problemu, a još je manje metodološki precizno i potpuno naučno korektno profilisanih pristupa u njima. Posledično, još uvek ne postoje sasvim jasne identifikacije posebnih motiva, institucionalne organizacije i rezultata rušenja ili devastacije pravoslavnih crkava u prve dve godine nakon uspostave ustaškog režima u Hrvatskoj. Opšti ideološki okvir uništavanja Srpske pravoslavne crkve kao institucije u NDH nakon 1941. istoriografski je ipak temeljno rasvetljen, prvenstveno zahvaljujući obilju dokaza koje pružaju sačuvani izvori. Međutim, izvori za rasvetljavanje fenomena rušenja crkava znatno su oskudniji i dominantno spadaju u kategoriju danas teško proverljivih, a u pojedinostima često i kontradiktornih zabeleženih individualnih svedočanstava. [...]

Kako su hrvatski mediji, politika i društvo prihvatili haške presude za Herceg-Bosnu

Author(s): Boris Pavelić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

“Ni 20 godina nakon Ahmića ne znamo tko je zapovjedio masakr, gdje je bio politički um zločina i tko je to bio!” To je naslov teksta objavljenog 13. lipnja 2014. na hrvatskome internetskom portalu dnevno.hr., sedam dana nakon što se 6. lipnja 2014. u Hrvatsku vratio Dario Kordić, ratni potpredsjednik HDZ-a BiH, koji je 2004. pred Haaškim sudom pravomoćno osuđen na 25 godina zatvora zbog ratnih zločina počinjenih nad Muslimanima srednje Bosne 1993. godine. Među petstotinjak okupljenih koji su Kordića dočekali u zagrebačkoj zračnoj luci, bio je i sisački biskup Vlado Košić.

Konferencija“Osobna sjećanja na ratove i druge oblike političkog nasilja od 1941. do danas”

Author(s): Maja Dubljević,Ana Raffai,Vesna Jakumetović,Đorđe Gunjević,Stef Scagliola,Goran Bodog,Ante Tomić,Nenad Jovanović,Edin Ramulić,Sanja Petrović Todosijević / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Place: Zagreb; Date: 26. September, 2013.

Stara Gradiška kao paradigma hrvatske povijesti 20. stoljeća

Author(s): Marko Smokvina-Marijić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Mnogo je razloga zbog kojih pisati o Staroj Gradiški nije nimalo jednostavno, niti lagano. Kako je napisano u predgovoru knjige Stara Gradiška, povjesničara Vjekoslava Žugaja: „…iz jednostavnog razloga što sinonim Stare Gradiške nije njena historiografija u suhoparnome nizanju događaja po slijedu godine na tom hrvatskom mikro lokalitetu, nego ono što Stara Gradiška predstavlja u onom suptilnijem, sasvim određenom smislu. U svom određenju dugostoljetnog kazimata ta geografska lokacija i ime dobivaju značaj.“

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Genocidna ideologija antibosanstva

Author(s): Rusmir Mahmutćehajić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Genocid, genocid, genocid! Tom prividno poznatom riječju imenovani su progoni i ubijanja bosanskih muslimana u Srebrenici 1995. godine. Za to djelo osuđeno je više pojedinaca koji su ga domislili, podstakli i/ili proveli. Tom riječju, koju su izrekli suci, koju potomci i srodnici ubijenih ponavljaju kao molitvenu utjehu, užasnuta i ustrašena većina više je anestezirana negoli utješena. Ali riječi nemaju značenja izvan rečenice. Kada su im nametana korištenja u izdvojenosti, one postaju plastične. Čine se neprijeporno shvatljivim, a ipak su sve dalje od tog što njihovi korisnici hoće u žalosti i patnji, u ljubavi i mržnji te u nastojanjima da prežive i budu sretni. [...]

Zaključci Međunarodne naučne konferencije “Genocid nad Bošnjacima, Srebrenica 1995–2020: Uzroci, razmjere i posljedice”

Author(s): Mirko Pejanović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Moralno-pravna i politička obaveza svijeta Evropske unije i Bosne i Hercegovine jeste ne samo spriječiti buduće, civilizacijski katastrofične i neprihvatljive zločine poput genocida nad Bošnjacima u Srebrenici i oko nje nego, i prije svega, spriječiti njegovo planski aktivno i političko, medijsko, kvazinaučno, sistematsko poricanje i negiranje, kakvome svjedočimo danas i svih poratnih godina u Bosni i Hercegovini i njenom susjedstvu. Tačnije Srbiji, koja je imala “političko mentorstvo” nad genocidom, uporno pokušavajući izbjeći ono neizbježno – svoju vlastitu odgovornost za plansko, praktično učešće i političko i vojno saučesništvo koga je potpuno svjesna. [...]