“BİTİSE KALIR SÖZ”: SÖZ VE YAZI İLİŞKİSİ AÇISINDAN KUTADGU BİLİG

Author(s): Gülten KÜÇÜKBASMACI / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 33/2021

"Kutadgu Bilig" is one of the first written works of Turks, who were included in a new cultural environment with the acceptance of Islam. The work, which deals with the ideal state and social order, is extremely important as it allows to identify the mentality and perception of the period in which it was written by converting it into a written text. The article will focus on the perception of "word" and "writing" in the 11th century, based on "Kutadgu Bilig" as a written text in the context of the written cultural environment. In the text called "If the word is written, it remains", the writing that creates a different communication style with the transition to the written culture environment is glorified. Since the writing fixes by saving the word, it represents the permanent against change. This feature of writing, which enables it to be glorified, also leads to the defective aspects of the written communication style. In the work, it is seen that the writing is superior to words because it helps to keep accounts, record the date and keep records. The permanence of writing has been in favor of writing in the face of human mortality. Although it is seen that the written word is considered more effective than the spoken word, the reliability of the word continues.

“Central and Eastern Europe after the First World War”. Edited by Burkhard Olschowsky, Piotr Juszkiewicz, and Jan Rydel. De Gruyter, Olderbourg. 2021. 435p.

Author(s): Paul Popa / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

“Everybody Loved Each Other There” Roma Memories of the One-Time Cinka Panna Colony in Oradea and Its Liquidation during the Communist Times

Author(s): Zsuzsa Plainer / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2018

This study deals with the liquidation of a Roma colony from the Romanian town of Oradea during the 1970s. Colony life, as well as the process of removal, demolition of the houses, and relocation of the inhabitants into blocks of flats, is mainly grasped through Roma narratives collected from 2011 onwards. But here we do not narrow down remembering communism to a mere collection of untold stories from the past. Based on the framework developed by Maria Todorova for the study of remembering communism, the following questions are addressed: How is the pre-1989 condition of the Roma revealed through their narratives? What do these say about the condition of the Roma during state socialism? How do past events influence the present-day marginalization of the group? A comparison of the socialist and post-socialist conditions of the Roma could be considered an important issue in forming an account of this ethno-racial group in Eastern Europe. It is so, as—despite the current research, which is small in number, various interpretations exist, raising the demand for scholars to address this issue.

“Healing Rwanda’s Genocide Trauma”: A Re-construction of Painful Oral Historical Narratives

Author(s): Radoli Lydia Ouma / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

April to June every year, Rwandans commemorate the 1994 genocide. Extensive oral historical narratives are brought to life. Under the Aegis Trust for the prevention of genocide and crimes against humanity, stories are re-enacted and shared. Narratives of memories are seen as instruments to heal historical trauma. Rwanda has since moved from ravages of the genocide to political and economic stability. Although, Rwanda records a history of ethnic killings and near genocide from 1950s, it is the 1994 genocide that rocked its fabric of peace. Des Forges (2007) argues the genocide was not an outburst of uncontrolled rage of ethnic hatred, but a discontent to historical grievances and widening economic disparities between the Hutu elites and Rwandan poor. To suppress dissent, state and militia extremists planned and orchestrated the genocide. After the genocide, an International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) was set up to try suspects. It was supplemented with Gacaca courts - a modified traditional conflict resolution system. In this paper, I aim to analyse oral history as a qualitative methodology. The narratives archived on video recount how Rwandans heal the genocide trauma through remembering. According to Moyer (1993) oral history involves a systematic gathering of testimonies of people who have experienced a significant event. It is not based on non-factual information, rather on verifiable facts that can be analyzed and placed in accurate historical contexts. This paper will adapt an oral historical narrative analysis of video testimonies from the Aegis Trust.

“I was tipped off that it would be good to interview one old shoemaker” – Paul Thompson about his passion for interviewing, the power of voice and The Voice of the Pastin conversation with Dominik Czapigo and Jakub Gałęziowski

Author(s): Dominik Czapigo,Jakub Gałęziowski / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2021

Conversation with Paul Thompson – sociologist, social historian, professor emeritus at the University of Essex, one of the fathers of oral history, founder of the National Life Stories Archive at the British Library and co-founder of the journal “Oral History.” The conversation coincides with the publication of the Polish edition of his book The Voice of the Past (Głos przeszłości. Wprowadzenie do historii mówionej), which is one of the most important and still influential publications on oral history. The Polish version of the 4th edition, updated and revised by the author together with Joanna Bornat, was published in December 2021 by Centrum Archiwistyki Społecznej (The Center of Community Archives) in partnership with the KARTA Center. The conversation with Paul Thompson was conducted online of 3 November 2021.

“I will Enter the Suitcase and I will not Make a Sound until we Pass the Border…”

Author(s): Özlem Hocaoğlu,Apak Kerem Altıntop,Nurcan Özgür Baklacıoğlu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The article elaborates the crossborder experiences and strategies of family divide and unaccompanied childhoods in the context of crossborder migrations and smuggling across Bulgaria-Turkey border between the years of 1990-2001. The authors dig into the longrun impact of smuggling and imposed illegality on the migrant children and the means, manners, strategies and dangers hidden within crossborder cyclical mobility and administrative construction of illegality under the political and economic transitions and turbulence across sending and receiving countries. Left to the forgetfulness of the history unaccompanied child migration experiences between Bulgaria and Turkey contain significant lessons in regard to the role of restrictive and security based visa and migration policies. Our study aims at further investigation and understanding of these experiences via fieldwork containing semistructured interviews with 13 smuggled children and their parents. The article begins with introduction to the political and economic conditions that led to irregularization of child migrations across Bulgaria-Turkey border between 1990-2001. It follows presentation of data collected during the Istanbul University BAP Research Center supported fieldwork and follows elaboration on the memories, experiences and prevailing perceptions of these crossborder experiences by the trafficked children and their parents.The article elaborates the crossborder experiences and strategies of family divide and unaccompanied childhoods in the context of crossborder migrations and smuggling across Bulgaria-Turkey border between the years of 1990-2001. The authors dig into the longrun impact of smuggling and imposed illegality on the migrant children and the means, manners, strategies and dangers hidden within crossborder cyclical mobility and administrative construction of illegality under the political and economic transitions and turbulence across sending and receiving countries. Left to the forgetfulness of the history unaccompanied child migration experiences between Bulgaria and Turkey contain significant lessons in regard to the role of restrictive and security based visa and migration policies. Our study aims at further investigation and under-standing of these experiences via fieldwork containing semi-structured interviews with 13 smuggled children and their parents. The article begins with introduction to the political and economic conditions that led to irregularization of child migrations across Bulgaria-Turkey border between 1990-2001. It follows presentation of data collected during the Istanbul University BAP Research Center supported fieldwork and follows elaboration on the memories, experiences and prevailing perceptions of these crossborder experiences by the trafficked children and their parents.

“Kox Kwai Kauv Kox Kwai”: Ecopoetic Symbolisation in Pgaz K’Nyau Oral Poetry

Author(s): Sitthichok Samachitloed,Ignasi Ribó,Chanakan Satrakom,Prapawarin Noopan,Papawarin Kotchamit / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This article presents the transcription, translation, and annotation of an original performance of hta, a traditional form of oral poetry in Sgaw, the language of the Pgaz K’Nyau (Karen) people of northern Thailand. This performance was recorded during ethnopoetic fieldwork carried out in two villages in the province of Chiang Rai. The hta is then analysed to understand the operations of ecopoetic symbolisation that bring particular nonhumans into the domain of human language. This analysis reveals that a metaphorical mode of symbolisation is extensively used throughout the hta to overcome human/nonhuman allotopies by means of implicit or explicit semic transformations. This seems to indicate that a naturalistic mode of identification underlies the whole poem, a conclusion that calls into question the essentialising and mythifying portrayal of the Pgaz K’Nyau as pre-modern and animistic indigenous stewards.

“Latvia Will Always Be My Home”: Latvian Emigrants in Sweden After 1991 in the Latvian National Oral History Collection

Author(s): Ginta Elksne / Language(s): English Issue: 09/2019

Latvians are one of the most mobile European nations. Latvian migration to Sweden has a long history. After the II World War, more than 4,000 people moved from Latvia to Sweden, fleeing Soviet power. The second wave of immigration to Sweden began with the restoration of Latvian independence in 1991 and continues to this day. Both of these waves of migration are documented in the Latvian National Oral History collection. This article analyzes life-story interviews with expatriates in Sweden after the restoration of independence and explores how the migrants themselves describe their experiences in their new home country, their reflections on Latvians, Latvianness, and the preservation of national identity in emigration.

“POVIJEST MENTALITETA”, METODA “ORAL HISTORY” I TEORIJA KAOSA

Author(s): Darko Dukovski / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2001

Autor skreće pažnju na povijest mentaliteta u istraživanju složenih društvenih struktura i isprepletenih procesa i sustava. Osvrće se na metodu usmene povijesti (oral history) u istraživanju mentaliteta najnovijeg razdoblja (20. stoljeća) te potrebu korištenja dosega kvantne mehanike, odnosno teorije o determiniranom kaosu u druπtvenim znanostima, koje pokušavaju shvatiti zakonitost “pravilne nepravilnosti”.

“The Shooting of the Jews Is a Fact”: Kyiv’s Non-Jewish Population and the Babyn Yar Massacre, September – October 1941

Author(s): Karel Berkhoff / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2021

Based on a wide range of textual and audiovisual sources, in Ukrainian, Russian, and German, from the war period and the postwar decades, the article offers the first systematic attempt to trace how, in September and October 1941, Ukrainians and other non-Jewish persons in German-occupied Kyiv thought about, and interacted with, the Holocaust. From a broad look that actively seeks out varieties – both in non-Jewish perceptions of Jews, and in behavior related to them, it emerges that there were cases of non-German involvement in persecution and murder, and that many locals had antisemitic sentiments, with varying degrees of intensity. At the same time, however, no evidence is found that in the weeks under study, large numbers of Kyivans actively supported, in word or deed, the persecution and murder of Kyiv’s Jews, be it at Babyn Yar or elsewhere in the city. These findings support the notion that there was a major difference in the stances of non-Jewish residents towards Jews east and west of the former Molotov-Ribbentrop line.

“თეთრი მანგურის” მიმართება სამონადირეო ბალადებთან

Author(s): Otar Oniani / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 20/2/2019

Among the ballad-songs of the myth cycle devoted to the Goddess of hunting Dali, the “White Mangur” is distinct for thematic novelty and archaism, high artistry and complicated religious practices. It has established its unique place among Georgian as well as mythological characters in general. The White Mangur is the most outstanding monument of the Georgian hunting epic. An in-depth penetration into its complex thematic world implies an appropriate scientific-based comprehension not only of the Svan, but also the entire Georgian oral tradition, beliefs and practices, its relationship to other monuments. In order to establish specific features of the monument under discussion, it is necessary to take into consideration the entire material of the Dali cycle, both poetic and prosaic which is preserved with all its archaic diversity and artistic power only in the Svan folklore. In the first place we should determine its relation to other ballads: Betkil, The Hunter Chorla, Kala, etc. The content of a given ballad makes ponder continuously, especially the introduction, which is completely devoted to the demonstration of Mangur’s personal dignity. It should be noted in advance that White Mangur is a qualitatively new folk hero of not only Georgian hunting epic, but mythology as a whole. Similar versatility is not observed in the deeds of any of the mythological characters; he is a hero of universal content. The introduction itself raises many questions. It has no analogue in the myths of the Dali cycle. “White Mangur renowned in Svanetia, White Mangur! Your style of life was good for you: you used to winnow your grain in Tsvirmi; you had a drying-room for grain in Ipari; a threshing-floor in Kala you had, so it seems. Your ploughing lands are in Lakhamuli, the meadows in Shkhara are yours. The devs visit you to rake with their rakes, Dalis help to reap… Your marani is full of kvevris; it is filled with Imeretian wine.

„Nawet nie wiedziałaś, jaką historię w sobie nosisz”. Stocznia Gdańska i odkrywanie jej herstorii

Author(s): Anna Miler / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2021

„Panowie! Za co nas będziecie wybijać?”. Wołyńskie wspomnienia rodziny Krzyżanowskich w relacji Jerzego Ficowskiego

Author(s): Emilia Kledzik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2020

The article presents wartime memories of the families Krzyżanowski (after the war: Dębicki), Wajs, and Siwiak that were written down by Jerzy Ficowski in the late 1940s and early 1950s, and subsequently reprinted in consecutive versions of his monographs on Polish Romani people (Cyganie polscy. Szkice historyczno-obyczajowe and Cyganie na polskich drogach) and in his memoirs entitled Demony cudzego strachu. Wspominki cygańskie [The Demons of Other People’s Fears. The Gypsy Reminiscences]. The discussed narratives relate to experiences from Volhynia of the years 1942–1945. The article’s aim is to indicate the type and scope of alternations that Ficowski made while editing the memoirs in consecutive publications. A handwritten copy kept in archive is treated by the author of the article as the base version. The differences between the successive versions were divided into four groups: stylizations, fictionalizations, erasures and additions, ethnographical issues. What results from the conclusions of the presented analysis is the memoirs published by Ficowski no longer enjoying its status as a historical source relating to/pertaining to the wartime events in Volhynia. To the contrary, they are a testimony to the selfcensorship mechanisms implemented by Ficowski, who kept in mind the specificity of majoritydominated society members being the primary readership of his books on the Romani people.

„Úgy éreztük, hogy a magyar emigráns szervezetek vezetői Amerikában a múltban élnek, és ellentétes politikai céljaikkal szétforgácsolják a közösségeinket. Elhatároztuk, hogy ezen mi változtatni fogunk”

Ludányi Andrással Gazsó Dániel beszélget

Author(s): Dániel Gazsó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2019

„W stronę demokracji i wolności”. I Krajowy Zjazd Delegatów NSZZ „Solidarność” we wspomnieniach Aleksandra Halla i Anny Marii Mydlarskiej

Author(s): Barbara Kosk,Konrad Knoch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2021

A source query among the collection of film records of the European Solidarity Centre aimed at obtaining information related to the 1st National Congress of Delegates of NSZZ “Solidarność” provided little or no data about the Congress, and that was the reason for conducting further interviews with participants at the event. They brought little-known information on the topic, thus showing the value of thematic film notations focused only on a given issue. The authors’ additional intention was to draw attention to the differences in the perception of events depending on the perspective.

„Wyprawa w świat”. Wywiady przeprowadzone w getcie łódzkim przez członków Ha-Szomer Ha-Cair

Author(s): Ewa Wiatr / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2020

In the summer of 1943, young members of the Shomer organization active in the Łódź ghetto carried out several interviews with random passers-by. It was a part of educational activity organized by Shomer tutors. The teenagers were tasked with interviewing and recording according to a preset format. The material thus obtained turned out to be a valuable source about many aspects of life in the Łódź ghetto: family and financial situation of the interviewees, their physical condition and, let us stress, their contacts (protection). Equally important is information about the Shomers obtained during the interviews, their level of education, how they formulated conclusions, their involvement in the group. The material is not very extensive, but it turns out to be an important source for further research of the activity of youth organizations in the ghetto.

„ДРУГ Е… АХ, ДРУГ Е МОРСКИЯТ БРЯГ“

Author(s): Yura Konstantinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

During the first half of the 19th century, mainly due to political and economic reasons, the process of settlement of Bulgarians in Ottoman Salonica intensified and a Bulgarian national community was formed there. This article aims to present the sea through the eyes of the Bulgarians who lived or visited Salonica in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The text analyzes the different points of view presented in the Bulgarian memoir and fiction.

Ще бъде ли разкрита „Българската Троя“

Author(s): Ivan Nenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 16/2018

The ancient village Dospey, near Samokov, has a legend that before Bulgaria fell under the Ottoman rule, the local people “collected every¬thing from the other nearby churches and covered it completely with earth.” Another legend claims that manuscripts handwritten by Patriarch Euthymius, which were sent from Tarnovo to the Rila Monastery but never arrived at their final destination, are inside some of the buried sacred church vessels. The mound, which allegedly contains the hidden sacred vessels, exists to this very day. The author of this book strongly believes that it should be explored and urges the archeologists to conduct the needed research.

Элементы материальной культуры через призму гагаузского песенного фольклора. Фольклор как историко- этнографический источник

Author(s): Elizaveta Kvilinkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2012

The article presents the results from a detailed study of Gagauzian folklore. The author reads songs as a source of information about the everyday life, occupation, traditional peasant dresses and rituals practiced in pre-soviet times.

Этикет у гагаузов как правила поведения и феномен культуры

Author(s): Elizaveta Kvilinkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2020

Ethno-etiquette is an important component of the Gagauz socio-normative culture. In this article, it considered as a rule of conduct and a cultural phenomenon. In order to reveal the topic, the author widely used the material included in the Gagauz-Russian-Moldavian dictionary, personal data on site research, as well as information contained in historiography. The material cited in the article made it possible to trace some areas of the life of the Gagauz traditional society. To a large extent, its regulation was carried out through etiquette and public opinion, which controlled issues of compliance with ethical standards and moral values. The analysis of proverbs and sayings in the carried out area of study allowed us to conclude that they perform an important function – they constitute one of the components of the traditional educational systems. It has been shown that the tradition of hospitality is a priority national trait of the Gagauz people. It is concluded that values, ideals, norms, etc., expressed in etiquette and forms of organization of life, as well as in proverbs and sayings, performed the function of regulating public relations. Based on the rules adopted in the ethnic community, the community itself educated its members. In the process of historical development, qualities, significant for the collective and the individual, have become an integral part of the ethno-cultural code and national mentality.