Istoriile unor scrisori către putere.
This is a review of Mioara Anton and Laurenţiu Constantiniu''s book Guvernaţi şi guvernanţi. Scrisori cătreputere (1945-1965); Polirom; Iaşi; 2013.
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This is a review of Mioara Anton and Laurenţiu Constantiniu''s book Guvernaţi şi guvernanţi. Scrisori cătreputere (1945-1965); Polirom; Iaşi; 2013.
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Deportations as suffering are an important part of the public discourse and the national ideology of Lithuania. They are associated with their victims’ innocence and helplessness and are represented through emotionally charged stories of extreme experiences full of torment and deprivation. These images of exile tend not to focus on the suffering of individual deportees but to represent the whole nation as the victim and target of deportations, which are thus endowed with a national and patriotic essence. Individual stories that are formed in this context take on some of the popular features of portraying and perceiving deportations as epitomes of suffering. However, even though being deported really was a very difficult experience for many individuals, deportation stories present a much broader and much more variegated image of exile. Suffering there does not always take the most important part.
More...spomin na prosti čas in delo žensk v obdobju socialistične Slovenije
In her contribution the author focuses on understanding the interconnection of work and leisure time in the period of the socialist Slovenia/Yugoslavia (1945-1991). She is interested in the meaning that women ascribed to their leisure time (understood as a reward for the workers during socialism) in comparison with gainful employment. She also pays special attention to the issue of how women experienced their leisure time in comparison with unpaid housekeeping and through the perspective of the so-called »double burden« in socialism, and how they experience it today, in the context of the capitalist market economy. The contribution is based on the fieldwork analysis, focused on the interviews with retired women, revealing their everyday life on the micro level. The goal of the »oral history« approach, used in the contribution, is not to reconstruct the socialist past and record it chronologically, but to present the perspective based on the women’s experience and their everyday practices, contributing an additional perspective to the existing official political and economic history descriptions.
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After the end of World War II in the countries of Western Europe and especially in North America oral history could be methodologically shaped and developing freely. For political reasons oral history could not assert itself until 1989 in Czechoslovakia. After the fall of the Iron Curtain oral history began to expand into Eastern Bloc´s countries including Czechoslovakia. At that time oral history was facing criticism and some kind of demureness from classical historians, who have rejected oral history for many reasons. After more than a quarter of the century the situation has changed. In the Czech Republic oral history has its place between other humanitarian sciences, however the situation is still not comparable with states of Western Europe where oral history has settled already two generations earlier. The contribution provides a methodological and historical summaries of oral history. Article discusses the creation of methodology, its development, positive and negative aspects and institution in the Czech Republic. The article is based on a synthesis of available materials and on the author´s own experience. The aim is to make the reader familiar with oral history´s origin and its development and highlights the challenges that oral historians face. The article presents an evolution of methodology in the Czech Republic and the most important projects.
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The author reflects on reasons why national law wasn’t taught at medieval academies. National law in Poland, derived from a customary system of law and was the dominant element of the justice system until the termination of the tenure of the State of nobility. The failure to teach the law should not have been caused by lack of staff able to teach, nor by lack of students interested in learning. Hence, one might consider whether it wasn’t in fact a feature of the law itself that constituted this obstacle. In light of research into the characteristics of oral culture societies, where the common law developed, the hypothesis may be constructed that the customary system of law that existed in preliterate times could not create a system of norms, whether general or individual – as it is assumed based on the content of the common law that was written down. Although in the absence of a written record, we do not have specific information concerning the functioning of this system, it can be assumed that it contained only the rules, indicating the measures to be taken to settle the dispute arising within the society. It was not possible to apply the norm, but using the mechanisms to preserve social peace.
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This paper presents preliminary findings on memories from the period of post-socialist transformation and on related narrative constructs of agency in autobiographical interviews with practicing lawyers from Poland and Russia. The study is based on 25 interviews with individuals born in the late-1930-s, 1940-s and 1950-s. Six different types of narrative accounts about the period of post-socialist transformations are identified and described: (i) trailblazer narratives; (ii) follower narratives; (iii) narratives of volatility; (iv) narratives of continuity; (v) latecomer narratives and (vi) narratives of social decay.
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The paper presents a narrative perspective on Polish migration to Ice¬land based on one example of a woman, called Irena. Her biography served for an anthropological analysis used in biographical approach in social sciences with the assumption that the story of one life of a particular person can give some general knowledge – in this case about migration patterns and experiences. The story of Irena presented in this article is also an interesting exam¬ple of the narrative journalism, since the biography is presented like a non-fiction essay, written by a journalist who accompanied Irena for several months during her stay in Iceland and was actually a part of her migration experience.
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The history of the deportation of Romanian Roma to Transnistria during the Second World War had been concealed for a long time.The written tradition of the Roma is underrepresented because many community members have not achieved the necessary level of education to be able to write. Therefore, the attempt to recover the history of the Roma Holocaust comes mainly from oral history, a research methodology available in Romania only after 1990. The testimonies of survivors together with the official documents kept by the Romanian authorities present the horrific story of Transnistria.
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In the last decades, the memory of the war became a recurring topic in oral history research. This article proposes a discussion on the relationship between war and oral history on two levels, the first being the development of the relationship between the two, which has its origins in ancient times and will be institutionalized during the Second World War due to Colonel Marshall's research on the field. After this moment, the use of oral testimony became standard procedure in the U.S. military, several thematic researches being developed(German Military History Program, Senior Officers Program) by special teams of military historians which were created with the task of gathering the testimonies in the shortest time from the researched event. These team shave been posted with the U.S. Army in all theaters of military operations in which the army was involved: Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, Somalia, and Afghanistan. The second approach discusses the specifics of remembering intense moments and how they can influence the quality and value of oral testimony gathered decades away from the event.In the last part of the article, we mention the research works regarding war memory, as those are reflected in the research topics and articles published by the Oral History Institute researchers in the last 13 issues of the Yearbook of Oral History. The diversity of the conflicts analyzed by specific methodology (World War Two, Afghanistan, Transnistria) assures an important role for the Institute of Oral History in the innovation of historiographical discourse about war in our country.
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This paper examines recordings of Russian WWI POWs of Finno-Ugric ethnicities (primarily Udmurts) captured by Austria-Hungary and Germany between 1915 and 1918. These recordings were made by Austrian, Hungarian and German Academies of Sciences in the POW camps using the technical know-how and state-of-the-art technical capabilities of the Berliner Phonogramm-Archiv and the Phonogrammarchiv of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and were stored as phonographs and gramophone records. Top experts in the fields of anthropology, ethnography, musicology and linguistics participated in the project, the outcome of which is preserved to this day and allows us to study the Great War not only through written materials, but by hearing the voices of those who fought in it.
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Interim Committee headed by Boris Sarafov was one of the main fractions in the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), formed in the years after the Ilinden Uprising.
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The article traces the emergence and stratification of the word pandur/pandurin in Bulgarian language and Bulgarian dialects, of which detailed material is presented.
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Tofa (Karagas) Turks today live in the villages of Nijneudinsk raion in the Irkutsk oblast of the Russian Federation in the Southern Siberia. Living collectively in the Aligcer, Nerha (Tof. Nirsa) and Upper Gutara villages and as scattered in the Nijneudinsk raion and Shumskiy (Uda II) and Voznesenskiy villages, the Tofa Turks were known as the ‘Karagas’ and/or ‘Karagas Tatars’ until 1930. According to the 2010 census, having a total population of only 762, the language of Tofa Turks is included in the Redbook of UNESCO and listed as one of the ‘endangered languages’. The Tofa Turkic language is classified under ‘Uighur-Oghuz’ group in terms of Turkic dialects and has an important place in the comparative Turkology studies because of bearing certain archaic properties and parallelism with Mongolian language. In addition, the facts that the Tofa Turks do not a written language and have lived for centuries depending on oral traditions make the oral cultural products more important in functional terms. Legends, fables, fairy tables, songs, proverbs and riddles are among the major types of oral culture. This study deals with the riddles of the Tofa Turks, a less-studied subject in the General Turkology. Tofa riddles are about humans, animals and birds, earth and natural occurrences and events, nutrition culture, hunting tradition, moral values and traditions. Various researchers attempted to explain the birth of riddles with mythological elements. Since the riddles of the Tofa Turks have certain mythological traits and characteristics in terms of their content, they are extremely striking in the aspect of myth - riddle relation. The current study examines 74 riddles of the Tofa Turks for their style and content, and aims at contributing to the individual or comparative researches to be made in this field.
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Bu metin, TÜBİTAK SOBAG 114K576 numaralı Sedat Veyis Örnek Sözlü Tarih, Biyografi ve Belgelik Çalışması başlıklı projesinin hikâyesidir. Resmî olarak 15 Eylül 2014’te başlamış ve 15 Eylül 2015’te tamamlanacak olan projenin amacı Türkiye’de ilk kez Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi’nde 1980 yılında bağımsız bir kürsü olarak kurulan Halkbilim Kürsüsü’nün kurucusu Prof. Dr. Sedat Veyis Örnek (1929-1980) üzerine sözlü tarih çalışması yapmak, Örnek’in ayrıntılı bir biyografisini yazmak ve http://sedatveyisornek.humanity.ankara.edu.tr adresinde sanal bir Sedat Veyis Örnek belgeliği oluşturmaktır.
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This study is consisted of two parts including the introduction. In the first part, under the heading of horiat’s literary structure, horiat’s definition and form features are explained by giving examples about six types, classified as the ones with puns, the ones with rhymes, the ones with redifs and rhymes, the ones with repetitions, the ones with wings and the ones composed of at least four lines. As for horiat’s themes, they are studied as fourteen types mentioning national conscience, sufistic belief, wisdom, bravery and exploit, luck and misfortune, sorrow, grief and gloom, love and attachment, advice, longing and seperation, wish and request, pray and curse, complaint about time, fate, love and beloved and good and bad friends. Examples from each theme are also provided. Under the second heading, horiat’s musical structures are examined. In this part, horiat’s musical definition, the history of horiat usuls and the information of twenty two usuls and their emergence are given including Atici, Beshiri, Darmangaha, Delliheseni, İdele, İskenderi, Karabas, Kesuk; Sharp Kesuk, Kesuk of Mehav, Kesuk Matari, Kizil, Kurde, Malalla, Mazan, Matari, Memeli, Muchila, Muhalif, Nobatchi, Sherife, Umergele and Yetimi. Horiat usuls are classified regarding their tune and dialect features: Usuls Bayati-flavoured; Karabash, Mazan, Sherife and Umergele; usuls Huseyniflavoured; İdele ve Yolchi; usuls Segah-flavoured; Atici, İskenderi; usuls Rast and Mahurflavoured; Beshiri and Yetimi; Matari usul with Chargah-flavoured. Usuls performed with different tune and dialects are detected as Darmangaha usul; Darmangaha Sabaflavoured (Kirkuk dialect), Darmangaha Huseyni-flavoured (Tuzhurmatu dialect), Usul Delliheseni; Delliheseni Hicaz-flavoured (Kirkuk dialect), Delliheseni Hicaz-flavoured (Tuzhurmatu dialect) and Delliheseni Bayati-flavoured (Erbil dialect), Kesuk usul Segah-flavoured; Sharp Kesuk, Kesuk of Mehav and Kesuk Matari, Usul Kizil; Kizil Rast-flavoured (Kirkuk dialect) and Kizil Charhag-flavoured (Tuzhurmatu dialect), Usul Kurde; Kurde Hicaz-flavoured (Emin Bagvan dialect), Kurde Tahir-flavoured (Yasin Bagvan dialect) and Telli Kurde Tahir-flavoured, Usul Muchila; Muchila Bayatiflavoured, Muchila Hicaz-flavoured and Usul Muchila Hicaz and Bayati-flavoured, Usul Nobatchi Hicaz and Bayati-flavoured, Usul Muhalif Huzzam-flavoured, Muhalif of Ottoman and Telli Muhalif. Horiat performer’s voice features are also handled.
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It is known that past events in written history also reaches up-to date by means of oral literature with different aspects. Written history and oral history contain both differing and resembling elements. It is a fact that some of the information mentioned little or not in formal history, may sometimes be quoted orally in details. Thus, referring to “public memory” in the study of perusing and interpreting historical events have become widespread recently. It’s essential to study past events socially so as to shed clear light on past and recent history in various ways. One of the methods for discovering public interpretation of events in oral history, is to refer to bardic poetry. Martyrdom, war heroes and veterans are significant subjects of epic poems. The article, written history resources transferred to the historical events “oral history” or “social history” name is intended to reveal the sources of information, affect how you fell in bardic (asik) literature. For this purpose, “A Terrorist Organization EOKA which Led to the Establishment of the Cyprus Turkish Resistance Organization”, “Turkish Resistance Organization and the Cyprus Mujahideen” and “of the Fight Cyprus Mujahideen and Peace Operation and Cash Benefits” will be given under headings such as historical events, examples of these events will be talking about bardic poems in literature.
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