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Већ се раније у историјској литератури, на основу оскудне турске грађе, знало да је у селу Жеравице (на ријеци Ступчаница) започела производња жељеза почетком XVI вијека и да је на подстицај досељених рудара из Чајнича, током четврте деценије достигла врхунац, тако да је половина укупних прихода тога насеља отпадала на тај у Босни сваким даном траженији метал. Сазнања о његовој производњи могу се унапријед временски помјерити једним уговором из Дубровачког архива из 1492. године о закупу којим је Радован Радибратовић преузео половину самокова и половину пећи и другог што припада томе самокову за 40 златних дуката2 . Још прије пола вијека, покојни професор И. Божић је у једној напомени своје сјајне књиге: Дубровник и Турска у XIV и XV веку успут парафразирао овај уговор, замјењујући при том (вјероватно нехотично!) име власника једне половине тих рударских постројења Франческа (Радоњића) с именом власника њихове друге половине Антонија (Мароја Милутиновића).
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The aim of the present paper is to propose a study on the narrative about the destruction of Babylon in 689 BC, presented in the royal inscriptions of its destroyer – Sennacherib, and of its restorer – Esarhaddon. Both groups of texts expose different points of view on the event in relation to their structure, composition and message. In the first part of the paper, some basic historical facts on the event are summarised in the light of the previous research and their conclusions. The destruction came as result of prolonged war between Assyria and a coalition of Babylonia and Elam in the period 694–689 BC. It came also as a result of Sennacherib’s unsuccessful policy in Babylonia prior to the conflict aimed at imposing Assyrian domination. The second part of the study is concentrated on Sennacherib’s version of the destruction described in his inscription from Bavian (Sennacherib No. 223). A translation of the passage under discussion into Bulgarian is proposed. The narrative scheme is examined in detail, and several episodes in its story are defined. This version of the destruction is called here the version of the convenient memory, because it exposes a traditional story in form and meaning, representative for the Assyrian royal inscriptions and their propagandistic content where the king and his anger have a key role in all deeds described. The third part of the paper is concentrated on the second version for the destruction, narrated in the inscriptions of Esarhaddon, with emphasis on inscription Esarhaddon No. 104, known from several copies from Assyria and Babylonia. A translation of the passage with the narrative into Bulgarian is proposed. The story in this text presents a very different view to the event in several episodes and ascribes the destruction to the main Babylonian deity – Marduk – and his anger. A comparison of both versions shows serious differences in their narratives and explains the logic behind these differences. The second version on the event is named in the paper the version of the convenient oblivion, because it gives a different explanation for the destruction, centered on the deity’s anger. The aim of the fourth part of the study is to analyse the composition of the second version in relation to its variants and sources in the light of the royal inscriptions of Esarhaddon. Several episodes of the story are presented with major or minor variations in form, meaning and structure of the narrative in different royal texts. Parallels are made with inscriptions Esarhaddon Nos 108, 116 and 113. All modifications (variants) are seen here as an instrument of the propagandist nature of the message in the text. The sources used for the composition of the second version differ in type. There is intertextuality among inscriptions of Esarhaddon, as well as phraseological use of passages from the royal inscriptions of Sennacherib, the ritual series Šurpu and the Gilgameš Epic. The diversity of sources used in the composition of the second version is remarkable, as also the literary abilities of the royal scribes, and the king himself. The last, fifth part of the study deals with some conclusions on the nature, aims, spreading and reception of the second version. The message of the passage is well composed and aimed at a wide public, mainly in Babylonia. Its main goal is to propose a theological explanation for the destruction of Babylon, where Assyrians are replaced by Marduk in the role of the destroyer. The arguments in favour of this explanation in the text are based on beliefs of ordinary people and ascribe their personal tragedy to god’s will. The use of widespread elements from the consciousness and the psychology of the ancient Babylonians is seen as the main manipulative achievement of the second version. Some notes on the reception of the version are added in the light of a later text – a passage in Nabonidus’ inscription from Babylon, where the destruction is explained in some of the terms noted early in Esarhaddon’s narrative of the event.
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The collection includes 18 materials published or prepared for publication by the author over the last five years. They reflect the scientific search, which is filled with domestic historical science, which develops current issues of experience of the XX century. Some of the publications devoted to projects carried out jointly with foreign colleagues have appeared in Russian-language publications and are little known to Ukrainian readers. In preparation for publication, all of them were revised, if necessary, they were made with the necessary corrections and minimal additions to agree between the plots of the book. In the case of reprints, the texts are submitted mainly in the original version and form of the relevant publication, indicating the republics, or, in case of some differences, those that are given authorial preference.
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Purpose of the article is to show the interconnection between national revival in Galicia (the end of 19 – the beginning of 20 century) and development of the art of carving. The methodology of the research is based on the general principles of scientific work: authenticity, historicism, and logic. Dominant for the analysis of socio-cultural processes and the development of the carving in Galicia (the end of 19 – the beginning of 20 century)are comparative- historical and cultural sciencw methods. Scientific Novelty. The essence of scientific research is the illumination of the artistic features of carving in the western Ukrainian region (using materials of the historical and ethnographic area of Galicia) as a component of national and regional spiritual and material culture. Conclusions. The scientific research is done, the theoretical generalizations on the scientific problem of the conceptual solution of the theme of the national revival in the development of the art of carving in Galicia(the end of 19 – the beginning of 20 century)are made.
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In order to make the thorough mendacity of Putin's rhetoric about "Ukraine as a State of Neo-Nazis" fully evident, CEEOL is offering the Ukrainian Jewish journal ”Ї“ as the strongest possible proof of a habit of "modern Ukrainian and world intellectual thought". The NGO "Ї", an independent cultural organization founded in the late 1980's in L'viv, focuses on modern Ukrainian and world intellectual thought. It offers periodic forums for discussion of issues concerning Ukraine and, among others, Europe, Russia, post-Byzantium, the Muslim Renaissance. It analyzes the current situation in order to develop future socio-political strategies. The organization also publishes "Ї", a quarterly journal dealing with European and Ukrainian issues in politics, philosophy, and culture. It also examines the relationship of Ukrainians with Russians, Poles, Austrians, and Jews and places Ukraine in a modern geopolitical sphere that can further Ukraine's identity as a modern state.
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In order to make the thorough mendacity of Putin's rhetoric about "Ukraine as a State of Neo-Nazis" fully evident, CEEOL is offering the Ukrainian Jewish journal ”Ї“ as the strongest possible proof of a habit of "modern Ukrainian and world intellectual thought". The NGO "Ї", an independent cultural organization founded in the late 1980's in L'viv, focuses on modern Ukrainian and world intellectual thought. It offers periodic forums for discussion of issues concerning Ukraine and, among others, Europe, Russia, post-Byzantium, the Muslim Renaissance. It analyzes the current situation in order to develop future socio-political strategies. The organization also publishes "Ї", a quarterly journal dealing with European and Ukrainian issues in politics, philosophy, and culture. It also examines the relationship of Ukrainians with Russians, Poles, Austrians, and Jews and places Ukraine in a modern geopolitical sphere that can further Ukraine's identity as a modern state.
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Wearing-apparel components and mirrors from the materials of field archaeological researches at the Hmelevskoe I settlement (second half of the 13th–14th century), which is situated in the Saratov Volga Region, carried out during the expedition organized in 1995–2002 by the Kazan University under the supervision of L.F. Nedashkovsky are considered in the article. The morphological features of wares (girdle clasps, brackets, tips of belts, belt ring, earring, finger rings, bracelets, syul’gamas, rustling ornament, and mirrors) are analyzed in the article on the basis of typology with involvement of the broad comparative background of materials from synchronous monuments. This complex characterizes the material culture of the Lower Volga town of the Golden Horde time, which, judging by the published materials, differed from the objects of similar purpose, found at the nearby Ukek city.
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The article deals with the history of the sale of the real estate property belonging to A. F. Kumanina, the Moscow aunt of F. M. Dostoevsky, in the Tula province. The division of the property received by her heirs after her death was to be carried out after their entry into the ownership of the estates: first Tula, then Smolensk and Ryazan, which were pledged. Lawyers played a criminal role in this process. They developed an illegal scheme during the division and sale of the house and land plot in Tula, which predetermined the fate of the Kumanin inheritance, most of which was spent on paying debts, arrears and attorney fees. In connection with the inheritance case, F. M. Dostoevsky sought legal assistance from V. P. Gaevsky, V. I. Veselovsky, B. B. Polyakov, V. I. Gubin, E. V. Korsh, A. V. Lokhvitsky, V. I. Lustikh. The facts testifying to the unseemly role of the attorneys, which ultimately led to the unexpected outcome of the “Kumanin story,” are presented in the memoirs and correspondence of the writer’s brother Andrey Mikhailovich. They are also indicated in the correspondence of the other heirs of A. F. Kumanina, including F. M. Dostoevsky and his closest relatives, who tried to regain the right to own hereditary estates, as well as the materials of the genealogic inventory of N. S. Lazarev-Stanishchev, who became one of the participants in the “Kumanin inheritance” scam. The Appendix contains a previously unpublished letter from D. A. Smirnov, assistant to attorney V. I. Veselovsky in the “case of the Kumanin inheritance,” to A. M. Dostoevsky dated February 10, 1874 about the sale of the Kumanin house in Tula.
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