Турското крило на Независимото дружество за защита правата на човека (НДЗПЧ)

Author(s): Zeynep Zafer / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The paper relates in first person about the motivation, participants, organizing and enlarging the Turkish resistance movement against the assimilation actions of the Bulgarian communist regime from the 1980s. From the inside point of view are narrated the processes of the resistance of the Turks and Muslims against the attempts to change their names and violent Bulgarisation. In details are followed the actions concerning the voicing of the repressions of the regime against the Muslims, starving strikes as symbols of resistance, the participation of Turks in the Independent Society of Human Rights Protection and the establishment of „Turkish section“ to it.The paper relates about the role of the radio for the „voiceless“ minorities suffering from the repressions of the totalitarian regime. The importance of the Western radio stations as the only hope for penetration of news about the dissident movement in the socialist countries in the 1970s – 1980s has been outlined. The radio stations played also the role of coordinating centre for the resistance of the Turks and Muslims in Bulgaria during 1985-1989.

Турското робство, отразено в песенния фолклор от Македония

Author(s): Dimitâr Angelov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1995

The material from Bulgaria's song folklore disclosing moments of the life of Bulgarians under the Turkish yoke, is abundant and impressive. This can be seen reflected in the content of a huge number of songs treating various topics - focusing on heroes, history, the revolutionary effort, day-today routine. This also holds good of the plight of Bulgarians in Macedonia a region which remained under the sultan's authority even after Bulgaria's liberation in 1877-78.

Търговската модерност на Българското възраждане

Русев, Ив. (2015). Търговската модерност на Българското възраждане като култура и практика. Изследване и извори. Велико Търново: Ровита. ISBN: 978-954-8914-34-5.

Author(s): Margarita Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

Търговската предприемчивост на Минчо Генчев от Трявна, отразена в документалния му архив от 30-те – 80-те години на XIX в.

Author(s): Irina Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

During the Revival Tryavna was built up as a settlement with a well-defined craft and merchant community. The lack of fertile agricultural land determines the specific local activities based on the available natural resources. Craft production becomes a barter commodity not only for the domestic market but also abroad. Gradually, the artisan becomes merchant of his products, and accumulates a good financial capital. Craftsmen and traders also occupy an important position in communal life and dictates directions in settlement’s development. One of these representatives of the craft-trade stratum in Tryavna is Mincho Genchev. He is a tailor. He also appears as a merchant and leases grain and livestock, which became evident through the detailed registrations of the commercial transactions in his “Mixed Trade Notebook” (1836–1883). The notebook is part of his archive, which is preserved at the Bulgarian Historical Archive, National Library – Sofia. As a merchant he appears in the markets of Uzundzhovo, Tekirdağ and Edirne, from where he bought goods not only for his tailoring business, but also for his shop. The imported items can be divided into several categories: food, beverages and spices; tobacco; fabrics and textile products; metal products; medical products; books; jewelry, etc. His preserved archive can be used as a benchmark of the movement in commodity prices in different years. Thanks to his documented activity we can determine Mincho Genchev as one of the influential entrepreneurs – craftsmen and traders, who raised Tryavna as a proto-industrial and commercial center in the 19th century.

Търговското предприемачество през епохата на Възраждането: Примерът на братя Пулиеви (1839-1868)

Author(s): Ivaylo Naydenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

In the first part of my paper, I am going to deal with the concepts of entrepreneurship and particularly with commercial entrepreneurship. In the light of all existing theories, I use the paradigm of Israel Kirzner and Mark Casson adopted by some Greek historians such as Maria-Christina Chatziioannou. According to them, the entrepreneur is an agent who earns a profit, buying cheap commodities and selling them at dear prices. In the second part, I deal with the entrepreneurial activity of brothers Hristo, Nikola and Ivan Todorovi Pulievi. They established commercial enterprise with their relative Evlogi Georgiev (1839). A few years later his brother – Hristo Georgiev was also enrolled in the work of the trade house “Pulievi-Georgievi”. From the early 1840s onwards Hristo and Nikola T. Pulievi expanded their network in Ottoman Bulgaria. After the Crimean War (1853-1856) Nikola T. Puliev restricted his activities. Much more intriguing is the case with Ivan Todorov Puliev who lived and worked part-time in Galati and Braila. It is also interesting to note Ivan’s mercantile acumen in terms of his idea about the expansion of Pulievi’s network in Serres. Moreover, he wanted to settle down permanently in this town in order to present the mercantile house “Pulievi-Georgievi” in this region. This idea failed but still it is worth noting because it gives us inquisitive clues about Ivan’s business behavior. In many respects, Pulievi dealt as their Greek colleagues. Of course, there are some important differences. All these things should be discussed because this is the only way of broadening our overall knowledge on the entrepreneurship’s nature.

Тържествени чествания по повод 95 години от Балканската война в Благоевград

Author(s): Elena Alexandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2007

Тържествено откриване на новата офис-къща на Македонския научен институт – Филиал Благоевград

Author(s): Kiril Alexiev,Michaela Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Търновосейменският отряд във военната защита на Съединението 1885 г.

Author(s): Anton Donchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The article reveals the contribution of one of the Bulgarian Army – Tarnovo-Seymen squad in the military defence of the Union of 1885 between the Principality of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia. Made up of battalions of the former Eastern Rumelia militia and army reinforcements from the “old” state borders of the Principality as a temporary purpose unit, the detachment takes the security of the borders of the “United” fatherland against the expected invasion by the Ottoman Empire in key strategic sectors around Tarnovo Seymen (today Simeonovgrad).

Търновският предприемач Никола хаджи Славчев

Author(s): Svetla Atanasova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The professional biography of Nikola Hadzhi Slavchev – one of the pioneers of the brewing industry in our country is the embodiment of the life maxim that success begins with a fresh start. However, the guarantees for this are rooted in the leadership qualities of the entrepreneur – measured risk, effective solutions for the production and marketing, and a clear vision for the future. The well-educated Nikola h. Slavchev, a school alumnus of Robert College in Constantinople and the Military School in Sofia, changed his life in 1892, taking responsibility for his father’s heritage. Initially, the Hadzhi Slavchevi brothers in partnership with Ivan Halachev established a general partnership for the production and trading of beer. In 1906 the partnership was broken down. The crisis was solved by Nikola hadzhi Slavchev. He gathered the assets and liabilities of the company, invested his capital in the establishment of a limited company “Nikola Hadzhi Slavchev”. As an unlimitedly responsible member, he lead thoughtfully the brewing company until 1923. During the Balkan wars and the World War I (1912–1918), the production and consumption of beer increased enormously and the factory in Turnovo town became one of the most sought-after partners. In parallel with this activity Nikola h. Slavchev was a concessionaire of the coal mine “LEV” in the region of Tryavna. He made the first attempts to create a housing fund for his workers. Donation was not alien to him either. During his lifetime, he established a trustee fund for the education of poor children and support for cultural and educational institutions.

Търсенето на истината минава през болка и предизвикателство

Author(s): Vladimir Pankov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1998

In his interview Vladimir Pankov discussed some important aspects of the contemporary socio-political, cultural and scientific life in the Republic of Macedonia.

ТЮРКО-МУСУЛЬМАНСКОЕ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА НИЖЕГОРОДЧИНЕ В ЭПОХУ ЗОЛОТОЙ ОРДЫ

Author(s): Damir Zinyurovich Khairetdinov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2015

Recent studies provide evidence that the southern part of the present Nizhny Novgorod region was included into the Golden Horde. It is proved archaeologically that large Golden Horde settlements existed on these lands (Kurmysh, Murzitsy). The narrative sources mention Saraklych, a Golden Horde town. The written sources trace the appearance of Tatar villages near Arzamas to the Golden Horde baskaks. The influence of Turkic-Muslim culture here was exercised through the processes taking place in the Ulus (province) of Mohshi. As a result of the decentralization in the Golden Horde and the decline of the Ulus of Mohshi, the role played by Mishar Yurt, which formed from the Ulus of Mohshi, became increasingly important since the middle of the 14th century. However, its history has been insufficiently studied.

Тютюневата индустрия в Стара Загора между двете световни войни

Author(s): Evgenia I. Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/1998

The tobacco industry in Stara Zagora had traditions already during the National Revival but the first independent tobacco factories started work in the 1880s. Its greatest achievements were in the period between the two World Wars. A leading role was played by the “Sluntse” factory of the H. Draganov Brothers and the “Tsar Osvoboditel” factory of Kunyu Pashoolou and Sons. In the middle of the 1930s they ranked third in output after the Plovdiv tobacco cartels. Together with the enterprises of the food and beverages industry they gave Stara Zagora the features of a town of the light industries.

ТЮТЮНЕВИТЕ КООПЕРАЦИИ В ГРАД ГОРНА ДЖУМАЯ В ПЕРИОДА 1919 – 1947 ГОДИНА

Author(s): Anastasiya Kirilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Тютюневият град: дискурсът на индустриалното наследство

Author(s): Lina Gergova,Yana Gergova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The Tobacco city is a case which at a certain moment attracted significant publicattention; at the same time, it is an example which combines various discourses. Inorder to find the specificity of this case, the article examines three more exampleswhich in geographical and historical aspect are appropriate for comparative researchon the problem, having in mind the commensurability in reference to size and significanceof the settlement and the cultural and industrial traditions, the relevant timecoincidence of the processes, as well as the geographical and economic representativeness.The research questions which the study attempts to answer are analyticalas well as completely practical, related to real management and political decisions.From an anthropological point of view, we are interested in the problem of the correlationbetween re-functionalizing with the purpose of settling, attracting investmentsand publics, and updating the use and access, one the one hand, and, on the other, thenarrative which represents the space itself in its capacity of heritage and the degree towhich this narrative should be preserved.

Тютюнът и предприемаческият усет на Русчо Вълков Миркович. Щрихи от българската стопанска действителност в края на 80-те и през 90-те години на ХІХ в.

Author(s): Valentin Kitanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

Ruscho Vulkov Mirkovich was a typical representative of the modern Bul-garian economic elite formed during the Bulgarian Revival. His long and successful com-mercial biography is a convincing testimony to the deep and lasting economic and social changes that occurred in the nineteenth century, which are characteristic not only of his hometown Sliven, but also of the entire Bulgarian national territory. The professional experience he gained for over four decades in the field of trade with aba garment, wool, foreign merchandise, salt, foods, and other goods, allowed him to maintain a very high rate of commercial activity, particularly after 1878 at a number of market centres such as Sliven, Constantinople, Yambol, Burgas, and Straldzha. The well-known Sliven entre-preneur was fully committed to his trade endeavours and at the same time he was an active public figure – something typical for that period. After 1887, although of his re-spectable age, he turned to the field of tobacco, becoming a pioneer of one of the most successful industries in the Bulgarian commercial development by founding a tobacco factory in Yambol through the joint-stock company R. V. Mirkovich & Co. The available documents in the Bulgarian archives allow us to conclude that Ru-scho Mirkovich’s decision to engage with the tobacco industry was a carefully consid-ered step. He had the approval of his partners and attracted skilled experts to ensure the smooth running of the tobacco factory. The company was part of Yambol’s eco-nomic infrastructure from the late 1880s and throughout the 1890s. The present study focuses specifically on this aspect of Ruscho Vulkov Mirkovich’s active work as evi-dence of entrepreneurial sense and adaptability in the conditions of the dynamically changing economic reality of post-liberation Bulgaria.

У сусрет јубилеју: Спомен библиотека Карловачке гимназије

Author(s): Tamara Malešev,Olivera Topalov,Irena Zečević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2021

The library of the Serbian Orthodox Great Grammar School of Sremski Karlovci, better known as the Karlovci Grammar School, is the oldest school library among Serbs. Its foundations were laid by the most esteemed intellectuals of that time in difficult cultural and historical conditions, but it withstood many challenges. With a collection of over 18,000 titles, today it represents the place of library information, educational, and cultural activities of the school. This paper presents the historical perspective, as well as the current activities of the Karlovci Grammar School Library.

Убийството в с. Баница, Серско или новото рождение на Годе Делчев

Author(s): Dimitar Tyulekov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2003

Убикација средњовековног утврђења Неваде

Author(s): Dejan Bulić,Vladeta Petrović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2010

The only trace of existence of the medieval fortress Nevade is preserved in the Charter issued in 1411 by Hungarian King Sigismund to peer Petar Perenji, as well as in the name of the village of Nevada, located near Gornji Milanovac and former Rudnik. The abundance of material remains in this area is completely understandable if we bear in mind the importance of the medieval city of Rudnik and mining grounds around it. Although on the territory of the village of Nevada, there have not been found yet medieval material traces, there are remains of several fortresses in its vicinity. The fortress located in the hill of Trijeska, in the territory of the Jablanica village, on the mouth of the Jablanica Stream and the Grabovicka River, is the nearest one to the present-day village of Nevada. By all accounts this fortress is so far non located fortress of Nevada. Located near the village of Nevada, the fortress in Trijeska is one of the dominant points on the southern sides of Rudnik, from where it was possible to control the roads from Rudnik to Moravian Grac and Žiča. At the same time it was also part of the fortifications that protected the medieval town of Rudnik and the territory where strip mines, plants and settlements were located.

УВОДНИ ДУМИ

Author(s): Vesselka Toncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2014

УВОЂЕЊЕ СУДИЈСКОГ ИСПИТА У КРАЉЕВИНИ СРБИЈИ

Author(s): Zoran Čvorović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 180/2021

The paper deals with the history of the judge exam in the Kingdom of Serbia. So far, this issue has not been the subject of legal-historical research, although the institution of a special judge exam has a tradition of more than a century in Serbian law. The subject of the paper is processed mainly on the basis of original unpublished and published archival material, as well as relevant domestic literature. Researching the history of the judge exam is important for researching the broader problem of judicial independence in the Kingdom of Serbia, since judicial competence is an important guarantee of judicial independence. The research of the history of the judge exam in Serbia is important at this moment given the fact that the official strategic documents of the Government of the Republic of Serbia announced the reform of the existing concept of the Bar Exam. Without knowing the beginnings of the application of the judge exam institution in Serbian law, it is difficult to implement a valid reform of the institution of the Bar Exam today. The institution of the judge exam was prescribed for the first time in the Kingdom of Serbia by the Law on Judges from 1891, but no sooner than 1911 did it come to life with the adoption of the Law on Judges and the Rules for Taking the Judge Exam. Only persons who worked in the civil service for a certain number of years had the right to take the judge exam, while lawyers who worked in the court were privileged in relation to lawyers from other professions. A number of measures were envisaged to ensure impartiality and publicity. The judge exam was three-part, consisting of a written essay (theme), solving a hypothetical case (clausura) and an oral exam. The legal-theoretical knowledge of the candidates about a specific institute, as well as the knowledge of national and comparative positive law were checked with the written essay. Clausura and the oral exam served to test the practical knowledge of the application of national material and procedural legislation.