Les miracles de saint Jean de Capistran

Author(s): Stanko Andrić / Language(s): French Issue: 2-3/2016

L’histoire franciscaine au XIVe siècle a été marquée par une division entre la majorité de l’ordre institutionnalisé et les partisans d’une réforme (appelés généralement les « Spirituels ») qui exigeaient le retour aux origines « apostoliques » de l’ordre. L’une des ramfications de ce mouvement réformateur au XVe siècle fut l’« Observance régulière », dont le programme était une sorte de compromis entre le radicalisme réformateur et le conservatisme des « conventuels ». Les représentants principaux de l’Observance étaient les Italiens Bernardin de Sienne, Jacques de la Marche et Jean de Capistran. Bien qu’ils fussent surtout obéissants au Saint-Siège, ils refusaient de s’insérer dans la hiérarchie formelle de l’Église ; ils mettaient en valeur la pauvreté « visible » (et non seulement spirituelle), mais ils n’étaient pas hostiles à l’érudition ni à l’éducation ; ils se consacraient notamment à la prédication, la lutte contre les hérétiques et les vices urbains, et ils aimaient à souligner les capacités thaumaturges de leurs membres distingués.

Silesian: From Gwara to Language After 1989

Author(s): Tomasz Dominik Kamusella / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2016

In the past, Silesian was treated as a subdialect of the Polish language (and sometimes of Czech). During the 1990s, following the fall of communism and the establishment of democracy in Poland, most Silesian-speakers decided to treat Silesian as a language in its own right. It became part and parcel of their effort to shed the status of second-class citizens that had been imposed on them in the interwar and communist Poland. Warsaw has not recognized this language yet, but, despite suffering this (quite humiliating) disadvantage, Silesian-speakers have produced a growing number of articles, books, websites, radio and television programmes in their language, winning a recognition for Silesian as a language abroad and among scholars. It appears that the Polish administration's rigid stance toward the Silesians and their language is dictated by the logic of ethnolinguistic nationalism, which equates the legitimacy and stability of the nation-state with the full ethnolinguistic homogeneity of its population. This article sketches the trajectory of the main events and probes into the state of the discourse on the issue of Silesian language and culture during the quarter of a century after the fall of communism in 1989.

Размышления на чужбине (По страницам дневника Д. В. Скрынченко)

Author(s): Alexander Vitalievich Repnikov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2014

The article is devoted to records of historian, theologian, teacher, journalist and Russian nationalist Dmitry Vasilyevich Skrynchenko. Analyzed is the reflection of the main political events in the life of the Russian emigration on the pages of his diary.

Повседневность провинциальных вузов в 40-е годы ХХ века (На примере Владимирской области)

Author(s): Sergey A. Kurasov,Elena M. Petrovicheva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

The article is devoted to problems of everyday life of provincial higher education institutions in the 1940-s. On the example of teachers' institutes of the Vladimir region the borders of ordinary life and their change in a macro-historical context are analyzed. The analysis of space and time structure of the life of higher education institution and of various social practices reflects constructs of daily life that were traditional for the higher education as well as realities of the Soviet society of the 40-s of the 20th century which were characterized by active participation of the state in ordinary life of the citizens.

В. А. Порозов. Краеведческий курс «История и культура Прикамья»: интеллигентоведческий аспект

Author(s): Galina Anatolyevna Budnik / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2015

The article shows the thoughts of the author about the textbook by V. A. Porozov «History and Culture of the Kama Region», published in the Perm State Humanities and Pedagogical University publishing house in 2014. The main attention is devoted to intelligentsia studies; the fragments devoted to genesis of the intelligentsia, determination of its essential features, and the role of intelligentsia as the bearer of the regional culture are of particular interest; besides, some attention is drawn to the destinies of certain intelligentsia members

НАКШБАНДИЙСКИЙ ШЕЙХ ВОЛГО-УРАЛЬСКОГО РЕГИОНА М.-З. КАМАЛОВ И ЕГО СОЧИНЕНИЕ «ТАБСИРАТ АЛ-МУРШИДИН…»

Author(s): Alsu Khasavnekh / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3 (2)/2013

The article summarizes the biographical information about the Tatar sheikh of the Naqshbandi tariqah Muhammad Zakir al-Chistavi, the source of which were the Arabic-language manuscripts from the archival funds of Dagestan. We give an overview M.-Z. Kamalov’s composition “Tabsirat al-murshidin…”, which considers in detail the issues of ethics and ritual practices of the Sufis of the Khalidiya branch of the Naqshbandi tariqah. We also highlight strong centuries-old historical, cultural and religious connections between the Volga-Ural Region and the Northern Caucasus.

Интеллигенция сибирского города и культурно-просветительные организации в 1985—1991 годах (На примере деятельности Советского фонда культуры)

Author(s): Sergey S. Naumov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

The article investigates cultural and educational activity of Omsk and Novosibirsk intelligentsia in the years of reorganization on the example of local offices of the Soviet fund of culture work. On the basis of office work documentation, materials of the periodical press the author shows the role of the scientific and art intelligentsia in the broadcast of collective historical memory, preservation of historical and cultural heritage and local history promotion. The article considers the main activities of the organization in Omsk and Novosibirsk and undertakes their comparison.

МИССИОНЕРСКИЕ ДНЕВНИКИ Е.А. МАЛОВА: РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ РЕЛИГИОЗНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В ПОВОЛЖЬЕ В КОНЦЕ XIX – НАЧАЛЕ XX ВЕКА

Author(s): Artem Valentinovich Krestyaninov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2014

In this article, we consider the unpublished diaries of missioner E.A. Malov and examine his views on the implementation of religious policy in the Volga Region over the late Imperial period. The diaries show the evolution of the Kazan missionary’s ideas about religious policy, and reflect the contradictory interpretations of Ilminskii’s system, which existed in secular and church circles of Russian society. Based on these diaries we can describe how approaches to confessional policy depended on discussions about the necessity of Russification of nonRussian Orthodox population in the Volga Region of the Russian Empire.

Constitutions of the hospitals in the Islamic territories by the Christian physicians (A.D. 750–850)

Author(s): Levent ÖZTÜRK / Language(s): English Issue: 01+02/2016

Болничното дело в Старозагорски окръг след Съединението през 1885 г. до 30-те години на XX век – проблеми и перспективи

Author(s): Iliana Pavlova,Penka Vracheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 01+02/2016

Тhe hospital in Stara Zagora was established on June 3 1883. At first it was owned by the Stara Zagora branch of the Philanthropic Society „St. Panteleimon“. Until 1885 Stara Zagora is located within the Eastern Rumelia, which encompasses the lands between the Balkan and the Rhodope Mountains – artificially created province according to the Treaty of Berlin 1 (13) July 1878. Тhe present study traces the development of the health system in Stara Zagora District after the Compound of the Principality of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia on September 6, 1885 up to the thirties of the 20th century. The Compound in 1885 is placed as a starting point in our analysis, because after this event аre opened up new perspectives in the historical development of the Third Bulgarian State. Тhe aim of this study is to put an emphasis on the political situation and the difficulties determining the specifics in the development of the hospital and healthcare system in Stara Zagora District since 1885 up to the thirties of the 20th century. Material and methods: We made a review of official historical documents for the period 1882 – 1935, as well as publications and analysis on the socio-economic and political processes from this period of time. Results and conclusions: The comprehensive documentary materials allow to trace the social, economic, and political processes after 1885 that influenced the health system development in the department. This analysis supports the view that hospital and healthcare development in Stara Zagora District since 1885 up to the thirties of the 20th century was not a single step but a lasting process that resulted from continued efforts, directly dependent on economic conditions, maturity and medical experience of the Bulgarian society.

Разпространение, социално значение и борба с туберкулозата в регион Кърджали – 1912–2012 г.

Author(s): Todor Cherkezov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 01+02/2016

The annexation of the Kardzhali region to Bulgaria after the Balkan War in 1912 was the basic reason for the region’s belated social and economic development, with a negative influence on communal health. Until that historic moment, the local population lived in extremely miserable conditions and rudimentary hygiene, treated by self-proclaimed imam healers, Turkish doctors, and quacks. Diseases were widely spread, a large part of the population died out of spotted fever, malaria, and tuberculosis. Famine, the unhygienic conditions of life and work in the tobacco warehouses, the swarming thousands of refugees coming from White Sea Thrace, were important reasons for the spreading of tuberculosis which afflicted the majority of the region’s active young generation. The world economic crisis of 1928 further aggravated that communal health problem. Tuberculosis was given a special prominence was in the new Law of Public Health passed in 1929. An important role in the struggle against it was regionally played by the newly-opened, in 1932, hospital in Kardzhali and also the pavilion for consumptives, opened in 1940. After September 9th, 1944, fighting tuberculosis becomes more systematic and purposeful. In 1953, the requirements for executing Decree #699 and Ministerial Order #798 were adopted, containing a complex of measures towards overcoming the ailment. Despite opening a network of specialized establishments – hospitals, consulting offices and dispensaries, the diseases continued to spread, although at a far slower rate, mainly among the village populace prevailing in the Kardzhali region. Only in the period 1985–1990 was there a levelling between the data on the ailment’s spread in the region and the data on its spread in the country. Although much less active now, we still cannot think tuberculosis has been defeated in the Kardzhali region. Unfortunately, at the beginning of the 21st century the ancient conditions for the ailment’s spread are being resuscitated: a poor rustic population with a low health culture, unemployment, uniform and inadequate meals, a deteriorated general living standard.

Między kosmopolityzmem a lokalnością, czyli wybrane zagadnienia z kultury ubioru Starego Sącza i okolic w latach 1860 – 1918. Ćwiczenia z rekonstrukcji

Author(s): Monika Golonka-Czajkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

Reconstruction practices are one of the most popular legitimacy strategies, used in process of making cultural heritage. Customers treat them with a great esteem, and they are expected to bring to reconstructed elements desired importance of authenticity. A contemporary ethnographer/anthropologist is usually diffident when facing such practices, and he focuses on critical description and deconstruction of the practices. But what can he do when local activists ask him to actively participate in the experiment as a so-called expert, whose task is e.g. to reconstruct local folk dress? Of course, his or her decision will depend primarily on research interests and chosen specialization, but the most important issue will be his or her understanding of the ethnographer/anthropologist profession. Thus, some researchers would be sceptic and refuse any assistance, and thereby avoid criticism of their own professional environment, accusing them of mythologization, reification, being peasantry-lover etc. Others will take on the role of full-time experts, who would join different types of bodies and committees, and decide what is and what is not proper in the spectacle they would observe, thus becoming the guardians of the regime of truth folklore. The third strategy, which in my opinion can help to break the deadlock described above, is the participation in the project considered as an open dialogue. Thereby we can try to avoid being an authoritarian arbiter and we can become a real consultant, a person who – according to the Latin root consultare – discusses with partners (creators of a project) the results of the reconstruction as deeply as possible. When working on the reconstruction of dresses, ethnographer/anthropologist can show their complexity, place them in a local context as well as in wider social, cultural and historical context, and avoid narrow and problematic definitions of folk costume. The decision concerning the final form of representation – an album, a staging or a dance etc. – however, should be made by our partners, equipped with not only a solid dose of knowledge, but also with important sensitivity to various epistemological issues behind the process of reconstruction.

The Influence of the Universal and Particular Conciliar Discipline on the Hungarian Conciliar Legislation in the 11th–13th Century

Author(s): Szabolcs Szuromi / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

In the 11th century a fundamental problem arose from the independence of national councils: rulers exerted a serious influence on the convocation and course of the councils, on the promulgation of their decrees, as well as on their legal consequences in the society. Moreover, a number of councils – especially when the ruler was present at the sessions – adopted measures even in matters that belonged to the state. Good examples of such a situation in Hungary were the Council of Szabolcs (1092) and the First Council of Esztergom (1100). In the domestic practice, during the reign of King Coloman, the Second Council of Esztergom (1112) already showed us the ecclesiastical legislation as it gradually obtained independence, and also showed the acceptance of those reforms that were made under the increasing influence of the Holy See. Later on, legate Manfred actively contributed to the Third Council of Esztergom in 1169. The provisions of this council radically excluded the influence of secular power, thanks to the personal attendance of the Roman legate. The frequent presence of the papal legates – particularly in the 13th century – had a fundamental impact upon the Hungarian conciliar legislation and the ecclesiastical judicial practice, and also strengthened the papal privileges of the ecclesiastical institutions, to which many of the contemporary written documents bear witness.

УКРАШЕНИЯ И ЗЕРКАЛА С ХМЕЛЕВСКОГО I СЕЛИЩА

Author(s): Leonard Fedorovich Nedashkovsky,Marat Bayazitovich Shigapov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2015

Wearing-apparel components and mirrors from the materials of field archaeological researches at the Hmelevskoe I settlement (second half of the 13th–14th century), which is situated in the Saratov Volga Region, carried out during the expedition organized in 1995–2002 by the Kazan University under the supervision of L.F. Nedashkovsky are considered in the article. The morphological features of wares (girdle clasps, brackets, tips of belts, belt ring, earring, finger rings, bracelets, syul’gamas, rustling ornament, and mirrors) are analyzed in the article on the basis of typology with involvement of the broad comparative background of materials from synchronous monuments. This complex characterizes the material culture of the Lower Volga town of the Golden Horde time, which, judging by the published materials, differed from the objects of similar purpose, found at the nearby Ukek city.

ВЕЛИКАЯ БУЛГАРИЯ А.Ф. ЛИХАЧЕВА: ПЕРВЫЙ ИСТОРИКО-АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ДИСКУРС ПО КУЛЬТУРЕ ВОЛЖСКИХ БУЛГАР

Author(s): Konstantin Aleksandrovich Rudenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2015

This paper considers the scientific works of the Kazan collector A.F. Likhachev dated back to 1860–1880. An ingenious historical concept for the origin of the Volga Bulgars is presented in them. In his main work devoted to the history and culture of Great Bulgaria, A.F. Likhachev reconstructed lifestyle, basic occupations, and laws in Bulgaria. In addition, the description of crafts was given. It is proved that A.F. Likhachev’s understanding of history and archeology was based on the scientific concepts advanced by the leading archeologists from Moscow and St. Petersburg: A.S. Uvarov and P.I. Lerkh. Although some ideas put forward by A.F. Likhachev were amateurish, their value consisted in the first experience of complex research on the ancient culture of people in the Russian province.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ФОТОДОКУМЕНТА КАК ОБЪЕКТА АРХИВОВЕДЕНИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ИСТОРИОГРАФИИ (2000-Е ГОДЫ)

Author(s): Ramima Olegovna Abilova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2015

The paper considers the problems of photography for archival science in the Russian historiography: acquisition of the archives of documentary photographs; organization of their accounting, storage, and use. Special attention is paid to the archeographic design of documentary photographs for publication.

ИЗДЕЛИЯ ИЗ МЕТАЛЛА С ХМЕЛЁВСКОГО I СЕЛИЩА

Author(s): Leonard Fedorovich Nedashkovskya,Marat Bayazitovich Shigapov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The objects of arms, horse equipment, daily life, trade, and cult from Hmelevskoe I settlement of the second half of the 13th – 14th centuries situated in Saratov Volga region and studied by the expedition organized in 1995–2002 by the Kazan University under the supervision of L.F. Nedashkovsky are considered in the paper. The armament is represented by the fragments of axes, arrowheads, as well as by a fragment of ceramic bomb. The horse equipment studied involves the iron framework of supporting buckle, ring from bridle, horseshoe, and debacle thorns. The clothes details are bead and little bells. Rivets and fragments of copper vessels, cast bronze vessels, fragments of copper sheets, cast-iron cauldrons, iron plough blade, scythe, locks, keys, nails, knives and their couplings, thimbles, facing of whetstone, ring, tube, binding, and disk are the daily life objects analyzed in the paper. The articles of trade and cult objects are represented by the holder of scale-beam and eyelet of a cross-enkolpion, respectively. The materials from Hmelevskoe I settlement, remains of the medieval town, are different from the materials of the same categories found at the Uvek site, the city situated nearby. There were no registered finds of spear-heads, mace-heads, kisten’s, daggers, battle knives, stirrups, silver vessels, metallic buttons, details of bronze lamps, scale cups, weights, and casting moulds at Hmelevskoe I settlement.

Z dziejów parafii unickiej pw. św. Michała Archanioła w Perespie w XVIII wieku

Author(s): Janusz Frykowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

Perespa is a tiny village located in Tyszowce gmina (country commune) that lies within the administration of Tomaszów poviat (county) in Lubelskie Voivodship (District). Its roots date back to at least the beginning of 16th century. The first written record about this village claiming it to be abandoned dates back to 1531. However, it is recorded that the Orthodox church functioned there according to the note from 1570. The operation of the Orthodox parish throughout the remaining years of 16th century was also later confirmed. The Uniate parish of Saint Michael the Archangel was the successor of the Orthodox parish. In the beginning, in terms of jurisdiction it belonged to the protopope in Grabowiec. In accordance with the post-visitation protocols the Orthodox church appears to have been wooden and quite well equipped with ecclesiastical utensils. Also, there was a wooden bell tower and a cemetery by the church. Not only did a paroch (parish priest) have some arable land and grassland at his disposal to cultivate and support himself but also he collected various fees from the parishioners. Furthermore, he also was in possession of a parsonage and ancillary buildings. The personal details of past seven parochs presiding at this church in the period this research focuses on has been established whereas the average number of parishioners for the same period that fluctuated with the time is estimated at between 300 and 375.

Ludobójstwo w Ponarach – obraz zbrodni w świetle relacji Kazimierza Sakowicza i Heleny Pasierbskiej cz. 1

Author(s): Joanna Janusiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2016

This article addresses the truth, almost non-existent in the social awareness, about the genocide committed by the Germans and Lithuanians in 1941–1944 in Ponary. The first part of the publication describes the genesis of the Polish-Lithuanian conflict on the eve of World War II, as well as the situation of Poles in the Vilnius region in the months following occupation. On the basis of Diary by Kazimierz Sakowicz and a study by Helena Pasierbska, the author presents an enormous crime, whose victims included approximately 70 thousand Jews and over 20 thousand Poles killed by Lithuanian shaulists.

Klasztor wpisany w krajobraz wyspy - s. Agnieszka OCD

Author(s): Marek Szajda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 06/2016

Christine Przybyła-Long is one of the 9 milion Americans of Polish ori¬gins living in the United States. Her descendatns came to Chicago during the mass migration from the turn of 20th century and she was born there in 1931. In her account Christine Przybyła-Long tells about her childhood and a life of a family belonging to the “Old Polonia”. She gives a lot of at-tention to the situation of Poles who migrated to the United States after WWII and to her own political involvement into Polish American affairs after 1990, that was crucial in the case of granting four thousand people american visas.