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Analysis of political-propaganda actions of Western media during the Yugoslav crisis with the role in breaking the second Yugoslav state is performed in the paper, on basis of the previously theoretically determined idea of propaganda and political propaganda. By character, it was “propaganda of war” and in certain intervals it was “war propaganda”, while the subject of stigmatization were the Serbs, therefore it was decidedly anti-Serbian by the character. Direct occasion for this analysis were scientific researches of Dr. Slobodan Vukovic regarding the Yugoslav crisis, the role of foreign (Austrian, German, British and American) print media in the development of anti-Serbian propaganda as the basis for the breakage of Yugoslavia and the war against the Serbian people and Serbia. In his works (in the period 2000-2018), especially in the last two-volume compound Serbs in the Narrative of the West: “Humanitarian” NATO Intervention, Vukovic successfully arguments the thesis about the centennial continuous anti-Serbian propaganda and the policy of the West based on it regarding the Serbs, which is the consequence in the greatest extent of the German revanchism for the lost two world wars, but also the result of other interests of the Western forces.
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In 1869 a Bulgarian Learned Society in Braila was finally founded, as realization of an idea of the Bulgarian Revival community from the 1850s. From the begging the Bulgarian Learned Society and its leaders are actively involved in European scientific life, using the experience of the work of similar institutions. Thanks to the efforts of several leading figures, a network of contacts is quickly established, which contributes to the further development of the Society. This article provides information on the BLS‘s connections with various individuals and foreign scientific organizations at the its initial stage, and aims to present and analyze the various factors that influence the development of such relationships.
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The publication presents information on the family history and public activity of the representatives of four generations of the National Revival family Rusovich from Arbanasi, Veliko Tarnovo. It covers the period from the last decades of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The founder of the family is Rusi Nicolau. He originates from Tryavna Balkan (Tryavna or the surrounding villages). He settles in Arbanassi and sets up a family before the devastation and plundering of the village by the КardzhaliiVillans in 1798. The main part of the presentation is based on unpublished Greek-language documents from the archive of the family, which is stored in the 963K Fund – “Brothers Rusovich” trade house – the State Archive of Arbanasi village – Veliko Tarnovo.
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Addressing the vicissitudes and times of triumph and failure in the life of Alexander Exarch (Alexander Boev – Beyoglu), a Bulgarian prominent public figure, the paper discusses the invention, construction and deconstruction of personal biographies in the period of the rise of Bulgarian nationalism in the Ottoman Empire. The latter, historically defined as а period of National Revival, mobilized the ambitions and efforts of Bulgarian revolutionary émigrés to turn into recognizable political subjects and reliable representatives of the national community. The case of Alexander Exarch is especially emblematic in this regard as far as he constructed his identity of a promising diplomate and politician on associations and suggestions for presumable aristocratic origin, coming from the byname “exarch”, added to the names of his family members. This byname perfectly assisted in procuring advocates for the Bulgarian cause in the European courts and circles, but at the same time, it attracted opponents among the émigrés, who blamed Alexander Exarch for taking advantage of “a fake noble exarchal genealogy”.The paper clearly shows how the invented biographies worked as an instrument for response and adaptation to dynamic historical contexts of profound and social transformation as well as how they confronted innovative personal strategies, traditional attitudes and local and translocal political projects.
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After the end of the World War One the old political habits were put under a serious test. The tough consequences of the conflict led to new ideologies that offered quick and easy recipes for coming out of the aftermath of the after military crisis. The Italian fascism, for example, promoted the vision of a strong state, guided by the Fascist Party and its leader. The leader, his party embodied the state. They were its image and content. These understandings were “further developed” by the German National Socialism, which added to them the racial hatred and the idea of the superiority of the Aryan. Everybody knows what the final of these political experiments was.
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The article analyses the Serbian-Russian official relations on the eve and immediately after the February Revolution of 1917 on the basis of studying archival data and taking into account the Serbian and Russian historiography. Particular attention is paid to the attitude of Serbian official representatives in Russia to Tsar Nicholas II, on the eve and just after his overthrow. The aim of the article was to study the attitude of the Serbian elite and the Serbian state towards the February revolution in Russia in 1917.
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The word ‘genius’ has a particularly strong aura in the so-called ‘star age of geniuses’ (I. Passy) – during those memorable for modern Western aesthetics three decades from the late eighteenth – early nineteenth century, when in the face of Kant and the early Romanticists both an unprecedented flowering of the creative individuality with its endless labyrinth of inner worlds and attention to it were observed. Over time, the word ‘genius’ enters everyday language, which enriches the layers of its meaning. The pledge of this article is to typologize the basic nuances of the philosophical-aesthetic concept of genius, which means: to outline the main types of borderness of genius as an aesthetic figure.
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in this paper we deal with the genesis of philosophy as a matter of education образование (Rus.), Bildung (germ.) in the primordial sense. By that, we imply the fundamental fact that it is about a necessity for human, as being finite, to shape his own Being and his identity through education. That is why philosophy is considered to be a life form in which being, work and service are interwoven. not only does on is getting closer to the truth in conversation with others, by being together with them, but he also has the obligation to share his knowledge with others. By the end of the Middle ages, man’s identity was defined by his profession, since essentially no separate public and private spheres were assumed. This situation changes with the modern age, so that participation in the field of work has primarily instru- mental character, while private realm remains related to identity building. By contrast, philosophy, as the unity of thought, way of life and profession, is distinguished as a ”case” transcending the mentioned epochal and struc tural divisions.
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Every person chooses his own view of good and goals in the name of which he coordinates his behavior. Duty and evaluations are constitutive for the core of moral norms and motivation which realize the regulation of human behavior and actions. In relation of his mechanism the internal regulation have a main role and helps to men to create his social behavior and internal norms.
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The paper deals with the transformation of the French Christian democracy in the 1960s: the emergence of new structures, ideological evolution, and political strategy. The relationship between Christian democracy and the main political currents (Gaullism and Socialism), reaction of the Christian Democrats to the major political crises in France, role played by the center in political life, and inner problems in the functioning of Christian democracy are observed.
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The paper discusses the reasons behind the rise of the French Revolution, as well as the processes that it unlocks in Europe. The various incarnations of the idea of nation, national sovereignty, and their relationship with the bloody conflicts in Europe are explicated.
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In the first part of the article, play is considered as a sport. In this case, sport is interpreted figuratively - as a metaphor for a particular type of being of humans. Ortega y Gasset’s essential definition of sports as play refers to the urge toward self-overcoming: „the game requires playing, as much as possible, better“. The second part of the article analyzes the relationship between play and „good utopianism“. Finally, the author analyzes the interpretation of Ortega y Gasset’s idea of hunting and reveals another meaning of play – as a form of relaxation from reality. The article draws comparisons between the idea of play in Schiller, Huizinga and Ortega y Gasset.
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In the present publication is presented the constituting and development of the Bulgarian nation in the scientific works of the Bulgarian historian Hristo Gandev (1907–1987). Some of his studies on the topic raise many discussions and challenges when new methods and new sources are introduced in the field. The historian study the historical process not as a chain of isolated events and facts, but as an assembly of interdependent factors from all spheres of the material and spiritual life of the human being. Thus, this historian works also in the scientific fields of ethnography, demography, sociology, etc. What is interesting is that the work on this topic continues throughout the whole career of this Bulgarian researcher.
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The paper is devoted to the political biography and ideological views of H.P. Newton, who was an outstanding fighter for civil rights of African Americans, political thinker, human rights activist, and internationally recognized scholar. The aim of this paper is historical analysis of the phenomenon of the radical leftist current in the movement of African Americans for civil rights and liberties during the second half of the 20th century based on the research of the political views of H.P. Newton, the leader of the “Black Panthers” party. In order to achieve the set aim, the following tasks are solved: (1) to consider the reasons, conditions, and actualization of radical leftist currents in the African American movement for civil rights and liberties during the second half of the 20th century; (2) to reveal the occurrence, major historical and ideological events in the activity of African American radical leftists by the example of the “Black Panthers” party, as well as to show the role and place of the party in the social and political life of the USA; (3) to analyze the consequences of the development of radical currents in the African American movement for civil rights and liberties during the second half of the 20th century. The scientific novelty of the paper is that it, for the first time in the modern Russian historiography, provides a complex analysis of the phenomenon of leftist currents in the movement of African Americans for civil rights and liberties during the second half of the 20th century using the views of H.P. Newton, the leader of the “Black Panthers” party, as the example. For a long time, there was a stereotype of social and political life in the United States, according to which the “Black Panthers” party headed by H.P. Newton was a criminal terrorist organization. However, an alternative point of view based on newly emerging data from the declassified archives has recently gained strength in the US historiography. This paper is one of the first attempts in Russian historiography to give an objective and undistorted image of H.P. Newton as a representative of radical leftists in the movement of African Americans for civil rights during the second half of the 20th century.
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