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№144: The EU-Turkey Deal on Refugees: How to Move Forward

Author(s): Pinar Elman / Language(s): English

Since the EU-Turkey deal on refugees on 29 November, there has not been a significant reduction in the numbers of migrants crossing into the EU from Turkey. One of the main reasons is probably lack of trust between Turkey and European Commission in their readiness to keep promises. EU can break the impasse by offering Schengen visa liberalisation but at the same time should use the accession negotiations to exert greater pressure on Ankara.

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№143: Ukraine: A Migration Corridor with Half-Closed Doors

Author(s): Piotr Kościński / Language(s): English

At a time when many European countries are strengthening border protection (including building walls), migrants will seek new avenues to Europe. In this context and of particular importance will be the policy of the authorities of Ukraine, which currently, and despite the still unstable situation in the country (war in the east and economic problems) could become the country of choice for migrants. Another problem for Kyiv may be internal migration. Both forms increase the risk of migration to EU countries such as Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Romania, which are neighbours of Ukraine. In this situation, additional EU assistance to the authorities in Kyiv will be necessary.

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Democratic Institutions and Human Rights in the Context of Bulgaria's Accession to the European Union

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The text contains the proceedings of the conference Democratic Institutions and Human Rights in the Context of Bulgaria's Accession to the European Union, 19 June 1995.

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Commentary on the Governmental Mass Privatization Project, October 1993

Author(s): Vesselin Passev / Language(s): English

The belated start of privatization made the realization of the government's privatization program for 1993 impossible. Merely 2 per cent of the designated enterprises will be sold by the end of the year. The work of the Privatization Agency on preparing the companies for privatization is slowed down by the fact that in a great many instances the legal state analysis indicates that the ownership of long-term assets is unestablished.

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Voters and Parliamentarians. An Attempt for a Portrait, December 7, 1990

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

In July 1990 the Center for the Study of Democracy carried out a post-election opinion poll study of the political orientations of the Bulgarian electorate. The study used the method of the direct questionnaire, carried out on a random sample of about 3 000. Parallel with this study, the Center carried out a testing for the values orientation of the respondents. The test was a kind of continuation of the questionnaire, was targeted at the same respondents at the same time as the poll itself.

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The Political Change in Bulgaria. Post-Electoral Attitudes, August 17, 1990

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

In countries with an established parliamentary tradition, political self-determination after elections usually coincides with the actual result of the elections. Any differences are in favour of the winners. Having in mind the complex psychological relations of Bulgarians to political power, we expected originally that answers in our poll would show a wider following of the Bulgarian Socialist Party, BSP (formerly Communist), than revealed in its electoral percentage.

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The Political Change in Bulgaria Pre-Electorial Attitudes, June 7, 1990

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

It would seem that today the basic problem is one of the content of the transition. This is frequently being reduced to the opposition "communist totalitarianism - Western democracy". And this is easy to explain from the point of view of psychology. But this superficially self-evident opposition must not lead us to the over-simplification of the problem of democracy.

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CSD Policy Brief No. 22: Енергийният сектор на България

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

The brief "The Energy Sector of Bulgaria" is elaborated jointly by the Center for the Study of Democracy and the Atlantic Council of US. It presents the main challenges that the energy sector in Bulgaria faces. By virtue of its geography, Bulgaria finds itself in a difficult nexus, drawn into Eurasia’s contentious energy geopolitics and as a European Union member, involved in the Union’s fragmented energy policy and complex regulatory, energy efficiency and climate change objectives. That position is challenging, but it also presents decision-makers in Sofia with opportunities.

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CSD Policy Brief No. 23: Енергийната ефективност в България: към пазарен подход и прозрачност

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

Measured by using market currency exchange rates, Bulgaria has consistently ranked as the most energy intensive economy in the EU: in 2007, it used over a ton of oil equivalent to produce 1,000 Euro worth of gross product. Measured by using purchasing power parity, Bulgaria’s energy intensity is still dismal, around 600 kg of oil equivalent per 1,000 Euro of product. Even though still negligible by any standard, Bulgaria’s energy efficiency has actually improved by about 50% since 1996 and has been on an uninterrupted path to a change for the better by about 5% per year. Overall, the Bulgarian economy seems to have completed the transition from heavy industry to less energy intensive light industry and thus already picked the low hanging fruit of natural gains in efficiency. The country is probably at a point, as some experts argue, from which onwards any additional gain in efficiency will have to be attained through advances in technologies of energy production, conversion, transportation, and use which will call for cost-effective approach and a strong incentive system.

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CSD Policy Brief No. 25: Екологични измерения на устойчивото развитие на енергетиката в Европа

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

Main purpose of this study is to review and discuss the development of regulation at EU level to guide corresponding national legislation and policies designed to address the challenges of sustainable development, notably those on the environment dimension and as regards to the most relevant economic sector – energy. The paper will briefly examine the development of the idea and strategy for sustainable development in Europe over time, the concrete EU legislation and instruments to facilitate national policies to support such development.

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CSD Policy Brief No. 57: Регионалните медии в България: граници на оцеляването

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

The lack of adequate local media is a trend with devastating implications for the regions of Bulgaria. It affects not only the local public institutions; regional economic activity is also hindered by the absence of independent media. At the same time, when discussing the state of media in Bulgaria, the problems of local media are often overlooked. The current publication presents the results of a survey of 179 local media with internet presence. The analysis focused on the mechanisms and factors that prevent journalists and the media from informing the public in an objective, competent, and comprehensive way.

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CSD Policy Brief No. 63: Оценка на уязвимостта към рекет

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

Extortion racketeering has long been pointed out as the defining activity of organised crime. It has also been identified as one of the most effective tools used by organised crime in the accumulation of financial resources and the penetration of the legal economy. Although in recent years this crime has not been among the top listed organised crime threats in the strategic EU policy documents, it still remains ever present in European countries. The seriousness of the phenomenon has been recognised at the EU level and the crime has been listed in a number of EU legal acts in the field of police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters.

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CSD Policy Brief No. 63: La extorsión en el ámbito de la delincuencia organizada: el enfoque de análisis de vulnerabilidades

Author(s): / Language(s): Spanish

Extortion racketeering has long been pointed out as the defining activity of organised crime. It has also been identified as one of the most effective tools used by organised crime in the accumulation of financial resources and the penetration of the legal economy. Although in recent years this crime has not been among the top listed organised crime threats in the strategic EU policy documents, it still remains ever present in European countries. The seriousness of the phenomenon has been recognised at the EU level and the crime has been listed in a number of EU legal acts in the field of police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters.

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Италия и Балканитѣ (по случай общоевропейската война)

Author(s): D-r. Slivenson / Language(s): Bulgarian

A print of the Military Journal, September 15, 1915, referring to Italy's policy on the Balkans.

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ANALIZA NACIONALNIH KAPACITETA ZA DOPRINOS MEĐUNARODNIM CIVILNIM MISIJAMA

Author(s): Dejan Milenković,Dušan Ignjatović,Igor Novaković / Language(s): Serbian

The main goal of this in depth research analysis is to contribute to the creation of legislative framework in order for Serbia to send its civilian experts in peace support operations. This document offers a comparative legal analyses of the legal frameworks for sending civilians in peace support operations of six European countries: Estonia, Croatia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Lithuania and Germany. It also provides a short overview and clarification of what the civilian missions are and how they have evolved over time.

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An analysis of Serbia’s alignment with the European Union’s foreign policy declarations and measures in 2020

Author(s): Igor Novaković,Natan Albahari,Jovana Bogosavljević,Tamara Kitić / Language(s): English

This is the seventh annual report that offers a brief overview of the EU’s foreign policy declarations during 2020 and tabulation of Serbia’s compliance with each of them. The analysis gives an explanation of such foreign policy of Serbia within Chapter 31, as well as the comparative overview of other state’s alignment during 2020.

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An analysis of Serbia’s alignment with the European Union’s foreign policy declarations and measures: Semi-annual review for 2022

Author(s): Igor Novaković,Jovana Bogosavljević,Jovan Nikolić / Language(s): English

An Analysis of Serbia’s alignment with the EU’s foreign policy declarations and measures for period from January to July 2022. The Analysis provides an explanation of Serbia’s foreign policy within Chapter 31, as well as the comparative overview of other state’s alignment during this period

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An analysis of Serbia’s alignment with the European Union’s foreign policy declarations and measures: Semi-annual review for 2023

Author(s): Igor Novaković,Tanja Plavšić / Language(s): English

An Analysis of Serbia’s alignment with the EU’s foreign policy declarations and measures for period from 1st January to 30th June 2023. The Analysis provides an explanation of Serbia’s foreign policy within Chapter 31, as well as the comparative overview of other state’s alignment during this period.

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An analysis of Serbia’s alignment with the European Union’s foreign policy declarations and measures: Semi-annual review for 2024

Author(s): Igor Novaković,Tanja Plavšić / Language(s): English

An Analysis of Serbia’s alignment with the EU’s foreign policy declarations and measures for period from 1st January to 30th June 2024. The Analysis provides an explanation of Serbia’s foreign policy within Chapter 31, as well as the comparative overview of other state’s alignment during this period.

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The unfinished de-russification. The remnants of energy ties between the EU and Russia

Author(s): Agata Loskot-Strachota,Krzysztof Dębiec,Michał Kędzierski,Filip Rudnik,Andrzej Sadecki,Iwona Wiśniewska / Language(s): English

The launch of Russia’s full-scale aggression against Ukraine and its economic war with the West have led to an unprecedented reduction in the European Union’s energy ties with Moscow. Brussels has proven more willing than many expected to shift away from importing Russian energy resources, as evidenced by sanctions imposed on imports of oil and petroleum products. During the gas crisis, the EU demonstrated its resolve to diversify its gas supply at an unprecedented pace, largely replacing the sharply declining volumes from Russia. Diversification efforts are ongoing, encompassing both energy resources and power supply networks. Following the successful emergency wartime synchronisation of Ukraine with the European power grid, the Baltic states plan to disconnect from the Russian system in February 2025.Despite these achievements and the political goal of fully ending hydrocarbon imports from Russia, energy ties with this country have not been reduced to the same extent across all EU member states. The ongoing war renders these dependencies a risk factor for both those individual states and the Union as a whole. This is particularly evident in Central Europe, where most countries in the region still largely rely on Russian gas and oil. Since July, issues have emerged with some Russian oil deliveries, with gas transit through Ukraine likely to cease at the beginning of 2025. Russia also remains a significant player in the European and global nuclear fuel supply chain, with its companies still holding assets within the EU refinery infrastructure.

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