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The article is intended to present the procedural solutions adopted in the Polish Sejm’s Rules of Procedure, the purpose of which was to specify in detail the procedure for hearing petitions in the Sejm, and thus to put the constitutional right of petition into effect. The author refers to historical attempts to statutorily regulate the petition hearing procedure. Remarks on the current statutory basis for filing petitions with the Sejm and the rules on consideration of petitions by the Sejm bodies – the Marshal of the Sejm and the Petitions Committee, are presented in the context of parliamentary practice during recent years. The author presents statistical data on petitions submitted for consideration by the Petitions Committee and the most frequently used manners of processing them in the practice of petition handling. Comments for the law as it should stand regarding the procedure for hearing petitions in the Sejm, which have been the subject of consideration in recent years, are also presented.
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One of the consequences of the political changes in Poland after 1989 was granting citizens the right to initiate legal acts. It has activated society’s participation in public life and contributed to building a civil society. In 1994, a citizens’ constitutional initiative was established, and, in 1997, a citizens’ legislative initiative was undertaken. The aim of the study was to present the citizens’ initiative of resolution of the inhabitants of local government units in Poland. Originally, it functioned without a statutory basis and was established by the local government units themselves. This raised doubts as to its legitimacy, which was also reflected in the judgments of voivodeship administrative courts. The practice was in favor of its universal establishment, and it also became increasingly popular, especially in communes. In 2018, all local government laws were amended to grant the residents of all local government units in Poland the option of submitting a citizens’ initiative, and it is only up to their activity whether they will exercise this right.
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The article deals with the issue of relations between the Sejm and the Senate in the procedure of exercising its legislative function by the parliament. The author points out that the current Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997 greatly limits the influence of the Senate on the legislative process, which refers to the Polish systemic tradition. In this way, the Constitution adopts an extremely asymmetric bicameral model, despite the fact that both chambers of parliament in the Polish system are perceived as an organ of the legislative authority. The author critically assesses the regulations in force from the point of view of the axiology of the democratic system and postulates strengthening the Senate’s position in the implementation of the legislative function.
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Poland’s National Security Council (Rada Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego, RBN) is defined in the country’s Constitution as organ doradczy Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w zakresie wewnętrznego i zewnętrznego bezpieczeństwa państwa (officially translating into: “the advisory organ to the President of the Republic regarding internal and external security of the State”). Against that background, this article uses analysis of policy practice as it seeks to explain whether the NSC truly plays that role of advisory organ, or is more in the nature of a coordinating-and-consulting body. To address this research topic, three areas have been identified for broader and deeper consideration, i.e. the means of selecting Council Members, the frequency with which Sittings have been convened, and the subject matter addressed at those Sittings.
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The article provides an analysis of the powers of the President of the Republic of Poland, which may have an impact on counteracting and moderating constitutional crises and constitutional rot. It aims to describe the potential actions that the head of state may take in a constitutional crisis to restore the stabilization of the state and the constitutional order with its values. The study also includes a reflection on the influence of the style of the presidency on the effectiveness of arbitration.
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The subject of the article is to consider the theoretical and practical possibilities of the President of the Republic of Poland to perform his constitutional tasks in the area of state security. The presented analysis takes into account the legal and institutional conditions resulting from Poland’s membership in the European Union.
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The publication is devoted to the question of the place of the state and citizen-user in cyberspace. Two opposite approaches are considered, each of which is based on the positions of the primacy of a state or a person in the issue of cybersecurity. The arguments of the supporters of both approaches are given and the conclusion is made about the effectiveness of their dialectical interaction in order to increase the effectiveness of cybersecurity measures.
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Unemployment decreases happiness in individuals’ lives, generating pecuniary and non-pecuniary costs for unemployed individuals, especially for the least satisfied or most vulnerable groups. The study investigates cognitive aspects of individual well-being among unemployed people. Based on a pooled cross-sectional dataset of 689 unemployed respondents and multivariate regression outputs, the research constructs a “vulnerability scale” and suggests the use of a “differentiated supporting system” in developing countries. The proposed system requires identifying and supporting the least satisfied unemployed individuals first, as they need that the most. Therefore, applying a differentiated supporting system can increase policy efficiency and enhance societal life satisfaction in developing countries with limited resources available for employment agencies. Use of the scale requires easily observable data (age, gender, marital status, educational attainment, and unemployment duration) and is readily reproducible in other cases. Within the conceptual framework of the “differentiated supporting system,” employment agencies can construct a measurable “vulnerability scale” for unemployed individuals and increase resource use efficiency.
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The study focuses on revealing key monetary policy instruments that can influence stock market development and elaborating whether shocks from financial markets and other macroeconomic conditions are further transferred to the real sector, as expected under the monetary transmission mechanism. This paper is an extension of our previous theoretical and empirical research expanding to ten developed and eight developing economies for the period of 1999-2020 using panel data and vector autoregressive models, impulse response functions, and scenario analysis. Firstly, it was examined that actions of monetary policymakers were efficient for stimulating the development of stock markets mostly for developed countries, whereas stock indices in most developing countries seemed not to be sensitive to changes in monetary conditions. Using scenario analysis and impulse response functions, it was discovered that in developing countries, including Poland and Ukraine, an expansionary policy focused on increasing money supply would mitigate deceleration and facilitate the growth of stock indices in the next four quarters, whereas, in developed countries, including the USA, a decline in interest rates under expansionary regime would stimulate the development of stock markets. Finally, the evolution of financial markets together with macroeconomic, social, and political conditions was concluded to be a statistically important factor of economic growth, as initially expected.
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The article presents the most important aspects of the political leadership of the President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, during the first days of the war. The most important war conditions determining the political leadership as well as the legal and socio-political premises determining the indicated process were analyzed. The article also discusses the communication strategy and information policy of the Ukrainian state, which are an integral part of strengthening the internal and international position of the president and the political leadership of Volodymyr Zelensky, in crucial time of first days of aggression. The text presents the most important aspects in this regard, influencing the deepening of the political leadership of the Ukrainian president and the legitimacy of the government.
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The study tries to reconsider the social outburst that took place in Chile on October 18, 2019. This will be carried out based primarily on the notion of symptom in Freud and in light of two relevant counterpoints regarding this psychoanalytic category, we’re talking about the philosophers Slavoj Žižek and Jacques Derrida.
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The article discusses the mechanisms of the Peruvian internal conflict development (1980‑2000), with particular emphasis on the beginning of military operations in the central‑southern province and the circumstances of the peasants’ involvement. In the text, I decolonize the image of comuneros as passive victims of political violence. I assume that they were generally involved in the armed conflict but they responded primarily not to the macro‑ but the micro‑conditions of the processes of violence (i.e. inter‑ and intra‑village antagonisms instead of the political competition of the irregular forces with the state that arose outside their community). The article looks, therefore, at the mechanisms of the Peruvian conflict before the beginning of village self‑defense forces and identifies the sources of civilian terror in the province as well as its impact on the further course of the war. The text is based on the existing sources describing the participation of the peasants in the struggles, confronted with the results of my fieldwork in Peru in 2005‑2010 and their update from 2015‑2019.
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Both structures – government (or more broadly state) and local administration have been functioning in the contemporary Polish state for over 20 years. Hence, a natural analytical procedure is to review the structures and principles of operation, including, in particular, their efficiency and effectiveness. The subject of the article is to make a political science analysis in the context of postulates submitted (mainly by academic and scientific circles) relating to the modernization of public administration in Poland in the 21st century and to compare it with the administrative practice of the contemporary Polish state. Several research methods were used in the presented article: historical-descriptive analysis, legal-institutional analysis, comparative and systemic method.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected every aspect of social life and the economy. The aim of the article is to present the opinion of growers from the Sandomierz region on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fruit production, as well as to determine their sense of agency (impact on local and national matters) and to indicate their point of view about public institutions and non-governmental organizations’ support for Polish agriculture. The quantitative and qualitative study was conducted during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The obtained results indicate that the impact of the pandemic on the fruit growers was not significant. Nevertheless, fruit producers consider the support of public institutions as insufficient, and at the same time formulate high expectations towards them.
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The aim of this article is to try to reconstruct the potential changes to the electoral system to the Sejm and the Senate resulting from the announcements of the politicians of the Law and Justice party, as well as to indicate the impact of such changes on the election results based on the data from the 2019 elections. These studies indicate that such changes would lead to a significant strengthening of the party with the largest number of votes, in fact leading to the marginalization of the smallest parliamentary parties. As a result, there would be a far-reaching disproportionality of the choices and a violation of the material aspect of the principle of equality. In addition, an artificial majority would be created that could, under certain circumstances, constitute a constitutional majority despite relatively low public support.
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The subject of this paper is an analysis of the element of integration and desintegration in process of creating of Silesian ethnicity. The author proposes the political theory interpretation of processes, which took place on Upper Silesia in last three decades. For this purpose propose a category of Silesian politics, which is a term to named a specific of political life in this region. This political life is based on multi-directional relationship of politcal subjectivities, which expressed in dyad integration-desintegration. This dyad is an interpration scheme, which allows to describe negative dependence, when integration of first subject is conditioned of desintegration of second subject. In this paper the author propose to structuring of political life by pointing three levels (the organised subjects, public sphere, individual) of political life participants action, and in frame of this levels problems planes, which are include a issue, to which they relate.
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The subject of the article is an analysis of the attitude of selected radical left movements in the world towards the war in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to identify and systematize the attitudes of the radical left organizations to the war in Ukraine. The author assumed that these attitudes were different, and their differentiation was a consequence of ideological differences, as well as the political context and narrative environment in which these organizations operated. The methods used to verify the hypothesis were a critical analysis of source texts and an aspect analysis.
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Peer appraisal enables teammates to participate in the performance appraisal system. This type of evaluation belongs to the modern evaluation practice based on 360-degree feedback. Peer appraisal reduces subjectivity in evaluation, but also creates a number of challenges for all parties involved. The article analyzes the theoretical model of peer appraisal in relation to the current practice of including more participants in the civil servant’s assessment in Bulgaria.
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The paper analyses the regulations of the most significant environmental legislation related to the cultural heritage. There have been especially emphasized international agreements in the environmental field in which Republic of Serbia has a membership status and which are of importance for the protection of cultural heritage. The second part of the paper is based on the overview of the national legislation in the field of the environment that has provisions on the cultural heritage protection. In that light, it is possible to, in a relatively clear manner, identify parts of the regulations in the field of the environment that in various ways correspond to the certain aspects of the cultural heritage protection. The broader sense of the relevance of the regulations in the environmental field that is indirectly important for the protection of the cultural heritage is also pointed out. In the separate part of the paper, there has been given an overview of the most significant regulations in the field of cultural heritage. The analysis of the state of the national legislation is put in the context of the harmonization with the appropriate EU regulations in the environmental field and cultural heritage. The basic thesis which is proved in the paper is that the cultural heritage protection is a part of the regulation system of the environmental field in a broader sense, but that building stronger ties between instruments of the cultural heritage protection and environmental protection demands further improvements of the system of norms in the environmental and cultural heritage fields.
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