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Të vendosura, siç thotë Kantakuzeni, “në kufi jtë skajorë të Perandorisë së Bizantit”, trojet shqiptare qenë për shumë kohë brezi i takimit dhe i përplasjes midis dy njësive të mëdha gjeopolitike të Mesjetës, Perandorisë së Lindjes dhe asaj të Perëndimit.
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Gjeopolitika është revista më e re që synon të thithë studime rreth një hapësie interesante si ajo e Ballkanit ku shqiptarët janë duke fi tuar një rol thelbësor. Popullsitë e ndryshme shqiptare në rajon përfaqësojnë këmbët e një ure që lidh Perëndimin me lindjen. Por më së pari ato duhet të rindërtojnë urën. Që nuk është vetëm e tyrja.
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Under the complex network of international treaties, norm and regulations that surrounds our environment, one of the major problems that arises deals with the gap between the regulatory world governance and the democratic control and accountability. Can we speak about a democratic deficit of these international, supranational, transnational actors that came to populate the international system? Recent literature on globalization generally assumes the existence of such a deficit which means it is also worth to raise questions with regard to the ways and means of improving the democratic accountability of these actors. Due to the limits imposed to this article, we will concentrate our answers on the European Union as a particular case of a semi-constitutional system of nation states that still reveals intractable problems of democratic legitimacy.
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Unresolved conflicts continue to smoulder in Transnistria, Chechnya, Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh and South Ossetia. “Para-states” have formed in most conflict-affected areas. These have grown to become permanent players in the region. In Chechnya, guerrilla fights continue in the wake of the Russian army’s siege of the republic. The conflict in Tajikistan ended in 1997 and the normalisation process is currently under way... Each of these conflicts has entailed profound political, social, ethnic and economic changes, as well as affecting other spheres of life. The “para-states” have fortified their independence and are no longer controlled by the external powers on which they depended in the initial phases of the conflicts... Unresolved conflicts ave an adverse effect on the situation in the region. They hinder political and economic development of the affected countries, lead to the brutalisation of political life and breed instability by providing save havens for organised crime, terrorism, etc. They are also the cause of large-scale migration problems. However, with time, these negative effects become less and less turbulent...
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Asistăm la o metamorfozare a metodelor de confruntare dintre state. Timpul este foarte scurt, metodele se rafinează iar aceste metode sunt dificil de identificat. Subtilul ia locul evidentului iar soft power inlocuiește mitraliera. Este România o țintă intr-un asemenea război și deține armele necesare să contra-atace? We are witnessing a metamorphosis of the methods of confrontation between states. The time is short, methods are refined and are more difficult to be identified. Obvious is replaced with subtle and soft power replaces the gun. Is Romania a target in this war and has the necessary weapons to counter?
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Throughout the history of warfare, different countries have used special operations in their effort to achieve key strategic objectives. The objectives of these special operations ranged from hostage rescue to foreign government overthrow. As a consequence of the international terrorism threat within the context of globalization, there is an increased likelihood for Strategic Combined Joint Special Operations to be used in the future as an efficient method for solving potential international crises. This paper purpose is to explore the interoperability's domain, as one of the key factors for the success of Strategic Combined Joint Special Operations.
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The concept of security has never had a static nature, but after the end of the Cold War, it has become more fluid in nature, and this feature probably will continue into the 21st century. Nowadays we are currentlyassisting to a redefinition of security rules and the role of international institutions.The conception of international relations, international security paradigm, the way the threats are perceived and defined, and the methods to prevent and combat them have fundamentally changed, especially after the September 11 attacks.Nowadays, the new hazards and threats to international security do not recognize national borders, are ofteninterconnected and require increasingly more international cooperation to counter them. No state, no matter how powerful, has the capacity to ensure alone its invulnerability to new threats.
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Respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, rule of law and human rights are fundamental values of the European Union, which are enshrined in the basic treaties. Charter of Fundamental Rights ofEuropean Union brings together in a single text, all civil rights, political, economic and social of Europeancitizens and contributes in the promotion and protection of human rights. This Charter became legally binding from the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, on 1 December 2009. Also, the Treaty of Lisbonprovides the accession of the Union to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR). This accession will be a consequence to the new legal personality of the EU and will highlight the significance of human rights at the level of the Union.
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Never in modern history of mankind were there many elements of uncertainty. Despite the many assumptions issued in recent years, few are able to discern what will happen in the medium or long term, and assumptions are accurate. Increasing the values of the components of the new security equation means that we have entered an era of strategic insecurity. The situation is even more complicated as the process of globalization continues, which means that nobody can be considered outside the game. The need for self-protection of some states may result in a third reflux democratization that end of the third reflux democratization. What are the most endangered states is not hard to guess, but no saddle democracies powers can not be considered safe.From this perspective, new security threats require Member States and partners of NATO to work together to safeguard the common values of democracy, security and freedom. Thus, in the Riga declaration specified,".... The policy of partnership, dialogue and cooperation supported by NATO, is essential to achieve tasks and goals of the Alliance. They were encouraged strong partnership relations with other Member States of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC), Mediterranean Dialogue (MD) and Istanbul Cooperation Initiative (ICI). Alliance Partners supporting the values, contribute to EuroAtlantic stability and security, but also beyond. NATO missions and operations have already demonstrated the operational policies of the values of these relations of partnership with more than 80 countries outside the Alliance, which helped to support these missions and operations.
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The need to know as many details as possible about the "psychological, physical and professional preparation of terrorists, terrorist groups, arising from the intention of brainwashing new recruits, religious indoctrination and training based on patterns inspired by the Great Jihad Encyclopedia , The letter of a member of al-Qaeda, How to resist and confront special services investigators require now more than ever, special attention to understand the reconfiguration of terrorist groups and a new approach to anti-terrorism training fighters. Al-Qaeda ("Jihad al-Qaeda "), after the merger in June 2001 with Al-Jihad (Egyptian Islamic Jihad) has common training bases in the South, South-East Asia and the Middle East. It is well-known that apart from these bases, the terrorist group is very active in its European cells called white al Qaeda or "terrorists with white skin." This group brings together around 800 Bosnian mujahedins and its purpose is to extend Al-Qaida in Europe, with the ultimate goal of creating a "pan-Islamic" caliphate worldwide.
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“To wash money” is an American expression which refers to the reinvestment in legal business of the money resulted from illegal business by the use of some complex internal and international financial circuits. In this way the money are practically removed from the offended area, hidden in one legal business accounts and then used by a legal company. This process is the nucleus of the main strategies of washing money as complex as they are.
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The authors define the notion of the urban place as well as the process of urbanisation. They also show how the process of the increase in world urban populations grew to 47% in the year 2000. They also stress the differences in urbanisation levels between the highest (74%) and the lowest developed countries in the world (37%) – this means there was a ratio of 2:1 in the year 2000. This essay also shows a projection of future urbanisation up to the year 2030, when the ratio should be lower (1.5:1 – this means that the developed countries will have an urbanisation coefficient of 82%, compared with underdeveloped countries where around 55% of the population will be urban). In the second part of the essay, by using the Pearson χ2 test, as well as the coefficient of contingency, the authors present an analysis of the relationship between the urbanisation coefficient and its eventual consequences. The data are taken from the book "The World in Numbers" (the population of the country and country capitals, BNP per capita, consumption of electrical energy per capita, life expectancy of females and males, birth rate and mortality) in order to prove four hypotheses regarding the connections of these variables with the urban population coefficient. Two hypotheses are completely proven regarding the connection of the urbanisation level with the life expectancy of females and males, as well as with natality and mortality. The other two hypotheses have only been partially proven (regarding the BNP and the consumption of energy). However, the part of the hypothesis regarding the population of a country as well as the country capital was not completely proven.
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Book-Review: Braco Kovačević: Zarobljena država, Evropski defendologija centar za naučna, politička, ekonomska, socijalna, bezbjednosna, sociološka i kriminološka istraživanja, Banja Luka, 2018. Reviewed by Slijepčević Dušanka.
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Book-Review: Aleksandar Savanović: Teorija Republike, Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Fakultet političkih nauka, Banja Luka, 2019. Reviewed by Budimir Željko.
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Book-Review: Maks Bergholc: Nasilje kao generativna sila: Identitet, nacionalizam i sjećanje u jednoj balkanskoj zajednici, Buybook, Sarajevo-Zagreb, 2018. Reviewed by Lazić Siniša D.
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