Pejzaż kulturalny: Kiedy Aslan umierał... / Kochamy Boznańską
On 'The Chronicles of Narnia’ and on the Exhibition of Olga Boznanska’s paintings (Zachęta Narodowa Galeria Sztuki, Warszawa, grudzień 2005 - styczeń 2006)
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On 'The Chronicles of Narnia’ and on the Exhibition of Olga Boznanska’s paintings (Zachęta Narodowa Galeria Sztuki, Warszawa, grudzień 2005 - styczeń 2006)
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“The fact that the Belarusians managed to keep their language – in spite of destroying villages, churches and all traditional forms of social life – is a real miracle.“
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It’s Impossible to Live without the Truth Zbigniew Raszewski: Raptularz, t. 1 i 2, red. Edyta i Tomasz Kubikowscy, Puls, Warszawa 2004, s. 544+704. Cross/roads of Theology Józef Majewski: Teologia na rozdrożach, Znak, Kraków 2005, s. 255. A Very Oecumenic Calendar Kalendarz ekumeniczny 2006, red. Adam Dobrzyński OP, Homini, Kraków 2005, s. nlb. Marzenna Guzowska recommends to reading Marek Zagańczyk “Droga do Sieny” (Zeszyty Literackie) Tessa Capponi-Borawska „Dziennik toskański” (Rosner & Wspólnicy) Karolina Lanckorońska „Notatki z podróży do Grecji” (Biblioteki „Więzi”)
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Some of the Crimean Tartars believe to be the real Ukrainian patriots in the Crimea. On the future of the Tartars who have mainly lost their tradition and language during the Soviet area.
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A view on the Orange Revolution of an Ukrainian student from Kiev.
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An article on the activity of Andrzej Mazur and an interview with Andrzej Ostoja-Owsiany, a member of the anti-communist opposition in Łódź.
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Zbigniew Nosowski: Neither the Łagiewniki Catholicism, nor the Toruń Catholicism On the dangers of the planned by the party Law and Justice Fourth Polish Republic. Tomasz Wiscicki: With an Open Text On the changes in the Polish Ministry for Foreign Affairs and in the Polish embassies.
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“Poland is only big European country which has lost the independence for more than 100 years. That’s why the national security so important the Poles is.” The Poles do not consent to Russia’s attempts to dominate its neighbours.
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Linguistic representation of new extralinguistic reality and phenomena (with newly lexicalized denotata) establishes a relation between a newly opened referential conceptual world and the current, productive vocabulary, resulting in a broader socially functional capacity and effi cacy (funcionality) of the Slovene language. Electronic texts in conversational form are characterized by a structure highly resemblant of the structure of spoken texts, the main difference being in the pattern of turn taking, which is a media-related feature. E-texts also include communicative signals in the form of specific signs (various punctuation marks, suspension dots etc). Developmental semantico-syntactic changes are discussed primarily in terms of transitivity. As a categorial semantic component, transitivity makes part of the denotative meaning mainly of verbs and deverbal derivational expressions. As a systemic indicator of semantico-syntactic changes in verbs, it causes rearrangement of their meaning within a lexeme or it reveals and determines new meanings. Transitivity changes are analyzed for two types of verbs: (a) verbs which themselves denotate new extralinguistic reality (technical: digitalizirati/internetizirati vse, to digitalize/to internet everything, ekologizirati regionalni sistem, to ecologíze the regional system, internetizirati vse, to internet(ize) everything, piratizirati programe, to piratize software, poračunaliti vsa opravila, to computerize all tasks poskenirati sliko to skan a picture, to network with a system of channels, vitaminizirati margarino, to vitaminize margerine, tehnizirati kmetijstvo, to technicize agriculture, etc, or sociopolitical: albanizirati/ amerikanizirati/ argentizirati se/koga, to albanize/americanize/argentinize oneself/somebody, globalizirati družbo, to globalize society, internacionalizirati študij, to internationalize studies, regionalizirati dejavnost, to regionalize one’s activities, reprivatizirati lastništvo, to reprivatize ownership (=to restore private property), zdemoralizirati družbo, to demoralize society, etc; (b) verbs that only introduce new extralinguistic reality (igrati (se) na računalnik, to play with the computer/to play computer games, pognati programska okna, to run program windows, prostituirati se industriji, to prostitute oneself (=to sell out) to the industry, servisirati izstope na sisteme, to service access to systems, seliti se na strežnik, to move to (another) server.
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The paper analyses two groups of verbs in the Bulgarian language (primary imperfectives and denominal derivatives in -iram/-iziram, -uvam/-ovam), morphologically uncharacterized w.r.t. aspect and without suffixal aspectual correlates. In classical theories of aspect they are traditionally interpreted as biaspectual – i.e. verbs which, depending on their nominal and adverbial environment, function in certain conditions as imperfectives, in others – as perfectives. We have chosen, as a theoretical starting point to the analysis of such verbs, the theory of aspect of St. Karolak, where aspect is interpreted as a conceptual (universal) category, the aspectual component being an inherent constituent of the lexical meaning of the verb – that is to say, a specific aspectual concept cannot be subjected to transformation and elimination. Such an approach makes it possible to demonstrate that the concept of “biaspectual verb” in the above-defined sense is untenable and has no heuristic value. The analysis of the verbs from the two differentiated groups proves that, independently of their formal similarity, the verbs belonging to them relate to different aspectual classes and are the markers of aspectual structures, which are non-identical in character and in degree of complexity. It is necessary to point out that the aspectual oppositions in such verbs are achieved within their stems (present, imperfect vs aorist; present vs present), where it is possible to observe a semantic derivation and increase in complexity of the aspectual structure along with a change in the hierarchy between components, without this taking place in the manner typical of the Slavonic languages – by means of aspectual suffixes. Precisely this is the reason why such verbs are treated as “biaspectual”.
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The paper presents an investigation of the semantics of past passive participles derived from intransitive verbs and structures with the component ce, which marks a variety of semantic and syntactic changes in the proposition, as well as the functioning of predicative structures with such participles. The study is based on the methodology of semantic syntax and, in particular, on the understanding of the compound structure of complex concepts and the varying theme-rheme order of the arguments of the predicate – which opens possibilities for different conceptualizations of one and the same situation. We also refer to Prof. Karolak’s theory of aspect as a semantic category and on aspectual meaning as a configuration of the simple aspectual meanings of perfectivity and imperfectivity, as well as on his classification of verbs. An analysis is made of the dependency between the possibility to form passive participles out of ntransitive verbs and the semantic structure of the predicate, expressed by the respective verb. It is established that passive participles are formed out of intransitive verbs with the component ce, which are bearers of configurations of aspectual components with a specific semantic value, one of these being state – predominantly of inchoative configurations, semantically derived from resultatives, and of triaspectual telics, reduced in the aorist stem to inchoatives. We arrive at the conclusion that structures with the auxiliary "s'm" and passive participles of intransitive verbs are markers of statal passive and mainly express states from man’s emotional and mental sphere. Such structures are also used to code states of affairs as a result of processes and activities, which according to the speaker’s assessment are not subject to specification, are not brought about by intensional impact, are not observable, or their substantiation is not communicatively relevant.
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High frequency of VV clusters is typical for Albanian language. As can be seen foreign lexicon is the rich source of vocalic clusters occurring within morphemes. In the domestic words vocalic sequences are found mainly on morphemic boundaries. Thanks to the morphology of verbs the inventory of final VV clusters in Albanian words is quite rich too. Frequency of VV clusters in Albanian is compared with other Slavic Languages.
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The Office (in Old-Slavic: služ.ba, in Greek: akolouthia) can be found in a medieval Bulgarian script (dated from the XlV/XVth century) which is stored in the Jagiellonian Library in Krakow (No 932). The script contains some hymn works indented for the Sundays of Easter period (post-paschal period). The Office dedicated to a woman martyr called Sunday (the name in a Greek version: Kiriakija, in a Latin version: Dominica) is a kind of work which is very rarely found in medieval manuscripts. The Office from the Krakow manuscript has been compared with Bulgarian one dated from the Xlllth century and with Serbian one dated the XVth century as well as with a printed Church Slavic version so as to determine the peculiarity and originality of this work (as far as the composition elements, the contents and the language are concerned). It is worth stating that both the individual features and the description of the woman martyr called Sunday presented in the Office of the Krakow manuscript are tightly related to Oration in praise of Sunday by Patriarch Eutymius.
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This review article is devoted to the book Riječi na granici punoznačnosti written by prof. dr hab. Snježana Kordić. The first chapter of the book deals with the semantic, grammatical and pragmatic characteristics of the personal pronouns ja / ti / on etc. (‘I / you / he’) in Serbo-Croatian and other languages. In the second chapter is discussed one of the pronominal semantic transpositions – the polite form Vi, which is the only one to have been conventionalised. A type of generalisation by means of the word čovjek also represents a pragmatically conditioned transposition, which is analysed in the third chapter. In the fourth chapter, the demonstrative pronouns in Serbo-Croatian ovaj ‘this’, taj ‘that’ and onaj ‘that’ are compared with their respective equivalent pronouns in Polish, Czech and Russian. The fifth chapter is devoted to the demonstrative words evo / eto / eno ‘behold, here is’. The sixth chapter examines the syntactic and semantic peculiarities of the composite conjunctions tim više što, tim prije što, utoliko više što, utoliko prije što, to više što in Serbo-Croatian (‘all the more because, all the less because’). The seventh chapter deals with Serbo-Croatian verbs imati ‘to have’ i biti ‘to be’. In the last chapter are described the meanings and grammatical features of the full and modal verb trebati ‘need/should’. This excelent and informative monograph is supplied with examples, carts, a subject index, an author index, a long summaries in English and German, and with eight bibliographies.
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The author talks about how and when the conjunctions da and kako can be used concurrently in a complex sentence in Serbian language. She claims that conjunction kako has variable signifícance, depending on whether it introduces a complement clause without any consequences to its semantics (neutral, not stressed conjunction kako1), or it introduces new additions to the semantics (semantically marked kako2), while conjunction kako3 can be at the same time compulsory determinant of the complement predicate, where it is not possible to exchange it with a complementary conjunction da. The author illustrates all the above mentioned usages of the complementary conjunction kako through examples from the literary texts of the Serbian writers from the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century.
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