Ruch w Jenie
Modern German history: Memoirs of Lutz Rathenow, Edwin Kratschmer, Thomas Auerbach, Roland Jahn. On German Liedermacher/songwriter Wolf Biermann. On Jürgen Fuchs. On Matthias Domaschk who died in a mysterious way in prison.
More...We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Modern German history: Memoirs of Lutz Rathenow, Edwin Kratschmer, Thomas Auerbach, Roland Jahn. On German Liedermacher/songwriter Wolf Biermann. On Jürgen Fuchs. On Matthias Domaschk who died in a mysterious way in prison.
More...
Fragments of Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński's sermons and comments on them prepared by the Secret Police.
More...
Memoirs of the former French SS-man Michel Cisay who fighted against the Red Army in Poland. Translation and comments by Jan Rutkiewicz.
More...
A collection of photos, taken between January and May 1945 in some Polish by Soviet war reporters who were going towards Berlin with the Red Army. Most of the photos have been previously not published.
More...
Memoirs of Tadeusz Gumuła. On the history of the Cap Arcona which was a large German luxury ocean liner and was sunk with the loss of many lives when laden with 7,000 or 8,000 prisoners from concentration camps, after being unfortunately bombed by the RAF.
More...
Documents and comments on the May Coup d'Etat, carried out in Poland by Józef Piłsudski, between May 12, and May 14, 1926, when 215 soldiers and 164 civilians were killed and approximately 900 people were wounded. The article contains many photos.
More...
To emphasize the importance of Roman Catholic religion in the Kingdom of Poland, a separate Roman Catholic Clerical Section was established by the Government Commission on Religious Affairs and Public Enlightment. The Section under the leadership of the Primate of the Polish Kingdom has intermediated in relations between the Church and government authorities. It has informed the secular jurisdiction about the situation of the clergy, indicated candidates for ecclesiastical offices, preparing draft legislation concerning the priesthood. Its competence included also the collection of statistical data about the priests, monks, and seminar students. In January 1829 the minister of religious affairs asked the Section to prepare the opinion on the implementation of the decree of 17th April 1819, under the power of which part of the Roman Catholic monasteries were dissolved. The opinion prepared by the Section was reporting the progress of the Church reformation in Polish Kingdom since 1817, of which one of the stages was already mentioned dissolution of the monasteries. Draft amendments on the number of clerical positions and their staffing, “reformations” of the monasteries, and setting new borders were prepared by Government Commission on Religious Affairs in 1817. They were negotiated in Vatican on behalf of the Polish Kingdom by the Russia’s foreign minister Karl Nesselrode. The result was establishing archbishopric of Warsaw and bishopric of Podlachia, marking the new boundaries of the dioceses, and gaining the title of the Primate of the Polish Kingdom for the archbishop of Warsaw. In the papal bull Ex imposita Nobis of 30th June 1818 pope Pius VII also agreed to dissolve some of the abbeys and monasteries, and allocate the obtained funds to improve living conditions of the priests in parishes. As the papal delegate to perform the reformation of the Church was appointed the kujavian bishop Franciszek Malczewski, later also the archbishop of Warsaw, and since 1819 the Primate of the Kingdom. After assessing the value of ecclesiastical properties and financial needs it turned out that about seven hundred thousand polish zloty is missing (the annual incomes of the poor parishes did not exceed one thousand zloty). The archbishop Malczewski decided that the orders engaged in education of youth, living on alms, with low incomes, and those, which ensure many parish priests and vicars will not be dissolved. He indicated the monasteries of the former Austrian jurisdiction as the more affluent, and those convents from the former Prussian rule as the poorer ones. Franciszek Malczewski has developed only assumptions to the suppressive decree,his illness prevented him to continue the work. At the request of Government Commission the draft of the decree (despite the lack of formal authority) was prepared by bishop Szczepan Hołowczyc. Archbishop Malczewski,to the insistence of minister of religious affairs,signed it on 17th April 1819, the day before his deat
More...
The Diocesan Archive in Kielce stores the collection of calendars and catalogues of different dioceses and monastic provinces of Poland, containing 19th and 20th centuries prints and several old prints. Part of this collection are Cistercian calendars and catalogues (five old prints and six 19th century prints). The subject of research in this paper are Cistercian ecclesiastical directories and schematisms. The researched Cistercian prints come from the turn of the 18th century. It was the time of annexations and boundary changes in Poland. The directories and catalogues represent the changing jurisdictional affilliances of the Polish Cistercian monasteries.The discussed prints consist of the calendar – directory and the catalogue – schematism. The directory (directorium) – liturgical calendar – is a valuable source for research about the divine service of Polish Cistercians. A meaningful historical source is the catalogue of the monasteries and people, printed and co-published with the Directorium. An additional source is a list of deceased printed from 1803. From the eleven Cistercian prints preserved in the Diocesan Archive in Kielce, seven are not listed in the Bibliografia polska by Estreichers (from the Old Polish period five old prints, from the 19th century prints – two).
More...
The purpose of this article is to present the problem of the monastic heritage in the view of Michel Foucault’s output. The monastic issue is most fully discussed by the afore mentioned author in his work Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, originally published in 1975 in France, and in Poland in 1993. In the Foucault’s point of view, the main legacy of the monasteries is the fact that they constitute the source, although far and transformed, of the disciplinary order, which has emerged at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, and according to Gilles Deleuze – remained roughly until the end of 20th century, when it was replaced by the life ordering logic of social control. In the first part of hereby article I will discuss selected threads of disciplinary society, which the author of Discipline and Punish considers as related to the organization of monastic life. Therefore, I will discuss the problem of the body and self, time and space, and power. In the second part of the article I will focus on the methodology of Michel Foucault – the archeological and genealogical analysis, which enables him to point out, as I believe, in a surprising and not so obvious manner, the link between the medieval convent life and the social organization in the period between the turn of 17th and 18th and the end of 20th century. Contrary to the widespread views of the monastic legacy problem in which it is considered for instance as the source of high culture or charitable activities, the heritage itself for Foucault are the social practices, of which aim was, figuratively speaking, replaced about the half of 17th century – from the preparation for the Parousia to the emphasis on economic efficiency and the emergence of new form of domination over the individual. Isolation, the control over the body and detailed schedule of the day distinguishing the monastic life so far, are becoming the techniques of power in the forming disciplinary society, generating new, unknown earlier, forms of domination.
More...
The project to produce a 3D laser scan of the Chapelle des Ursulines (Ursulines’ shrine) in Quebec City and to create the experience of an immersive virtual visit, illustrates the new types of relations to space afforded by information technologies. The Panoscope (Courchesne 2000) equipped with an omnidirectional controller offers an alternative experience of the shrine that opens new roads for the interpretation of the formal and symbolic dimensions associated with such spaces. If the virtual model will never replace the original physical shrine, it nevertheless offers an experience enriched by multiple layers of information. Furthermore, it allows for the live interaction between remote visitors and experts into a dynamic dialogue about the various aspects and dimensions of this historical site. Such a project finally contributes the ongoing discussion about the new models for mixed reality Milgram et Kishino (1994) and their value in the interpretation of patrimonial heritage.
More...
The researches on the Dominican libraries are poorly advanced, although they already have some scientific descriptions. The least known is the history of the monastic libraries of brothers preachers on the eastern fringe of the First Polish Republic, which after the partitions were the part of the Russian Empire (in the Polish historiography known as “the taken lands”, and in Russian “the western lands”). The Dominican convents on those lands were under the jurisdiction of three provinces – Polish (part of the Volynian province), Russian (second part of the Volynian province, but also the whole Podolian and Kievan provinces), and Lithuanian (Vilnius, Minsk and Grodno provinces). The monasteries varied in size and thus their library collections had also different number of volumes. We did not have the knowledge on that matter so far, as there were no known inventories and catalogues providing such information. Therefore, it is important to discover them, and to determine on this base the sizes of the collections of each monastery. The query in the archives and libraries in Eastern Europe has brought very good results, as it turned out that there can be found many valuable sources on this subject. This paper focuses mainly on the two essential types of sources: inventories and library catalogues. A lot of inventories containing detailed lists of books with titles, places, dates of publication and formats were found. The structure of the inventories is basically unified: the volumes are grouped by fields, such as for instance: Bible, dogmatic theology, moral theology, history of the Church, general history (secular), apologetics, sometimes also banned books (libri prohibiti). The records of volumes contain also cannonical visitations, performed by the bishops or their delegates, which can also be considered as a kind of inventory; similarly to the intrinsic inventories, they are grouped by fields. Rarely, both in the inventories and visitations, there can be found groupings by formats; there are only few examples, this concerns only very small collections. This paper provides an overview on the state of research of Dominican libraries in the eastern borderlands of the First Polish Republic, and later on the western provinces of the Russian Empire. Although those surveys are still week, they can be found not only in Poland, but also in the neighbouring eastern countries. Afterwards, basing on the collected source material, the situation of the monastic libraries during the annexation period is briefly outlined. Finally, the status and locations of stored inventories and other types of collections (and therefore the visitations) are presented. At the end of this work is placed a list of the sources with the year of origin, the current storage in archives or libraries, and the signature. This list does not include, however, the Russian archives and libraries. That requires another queries. The essay is limited only to Polish, Ukrainian,Belarusian[..
More...
Since the beginning of 18th century and especially during the Great Northern War, the convent of st. Clare was bearing many expenses in order to maintain Polish and foreign (the Saxon, Swedish, Russian, and Prussian) armies. Additionally, there were the costs of war contributions and also buyouts of the equipment, food, horses, cattle, and people arrested or confiscated during the marches of separate troops through the villages belonging to the nuns. At the outbreak of Kościuszko Uprising (24th March 1794) the Clarisses were dutifully performing all recommendations of the insurgent authorities, related with financial support of this patriotic spurt: they have equiped the recruit for the equestrian militia ensuring him clothes, tacked up horse, weapons, the wage; additionally, they have provided people for defense and also prepared bandages. Especially painful for them was the requisition (in the form of a loan) of silver, mostly in the form of valuable liturgical equipment, which they have never recovered. After the fall of Cracow (15th June 1794) the sisters were forced to keep the Prussian troops that were stationed in the city.
More...
The article is an introduction to the research of the book collection of Bernardine Fathers convent in Przeworsk. A few references in literature inform that the facility had a rich library, of which presently little remained of its former glory. Its fragments – once neglected, stolen, given away – can be found i.a. in the collections of the Bernardine Fathers in Cracow and The Czartoryski Library. The set of manuscripts and the resource of 15th and 16th centuries prints became the basis of research on the forgotten, but in the years of splendor valuable, collection. The main character of the text is Erwin Rödel – antiquary from Przeworsk, one of the main “suppliers” of the manuscripts and books to the Czartoryski library in Sieniawa, stemming from the repression after the November Uprising and the need to evacuate the collections from Puławy. Seriously depleted resource from Puławy was replenished and expanded thanks to the donations and numerous contacts of librarians from Sieniawa, such as Karol Druziewicz and Józef Łepkowski, with antiquaries and monastic libraries. He was well-deserved to Czartoryski family, bringing to Sieniawa many valuable library collections, not always gained fairly and in accordance with the librarian policy, however, and as a result – causing also problems arising from the claims of the previous owners, whose collections he diminished or even deconstructed. The preserved documentation shows that the monastery in Przeworsk through the actions of Rödel has lost 11 parchment diplomas dated from 15th to 17th centuries, 30 manuscripts from the City Archive (i.a. books of city assessors, courts, voyts, and registries), 10 other manuscripts of the time range from 16th to 18th centuries, and about 300 old prints (partly from the monastic library of Bernardines, partly from the fahters of The Holy Sepulchre). The belonging to the presented library is indicated by numerous provenance entries described in the text.
More...
The specialists researching the Templars history are familiar with the marquis of Albon: his The Cartulary of the Templar Commandery (Cartulaire général de l’Ordre du Temple) issued in 1913 is the basis of all studies on the beginnings of the first chivalric order in history. The less known is The handwritten cartulary, collected by the insatiable of work writer: 71 volumes stored in the French National Library provides an unmatched set of copies from various sources, drafted in the main European archives, starting with the same origin and ending with the trial of the convent. The first part of the article presents an intellectual way and working methods of a researcher, who was above all a noble scholar of his age. His project to prepare a complete set of sources on the Knights Templar is matching perfectly to the excitement caused by the willingness to document, which seized then the researchers across the Europe concerned about their own participation in the great national work. It is additionally mentioned about the method, which presided the realization of the cartulary written by hand, as well as its value for contemporary historian. The second part shows the contribution of the marquis’ of Albon art in relation to the awareness of the history of the Order of Oriental Templars. The published cartulary indeed contains important acts issued by the authorities of the Crusader states, but a large number of them were already issued elsewhere. Drawn up and unpublished copies collected in the volume 59 of this issue appear to be even more valuable for the historian. One can find here especially agreements between the Templars and the Hospitallers, diplomas issued by Christian principalities of the East, as well as very useful series of correspondence. While significant number of the copies concerning the East is already present in various publications, then the huge edition by marquis of Albon did not reveal all of the secrets and could serve as a basis for future publishing ventures, which are the sources regarding Knights Templar.
More...
Annales Miechovienses started in the Middle Ages in the Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem in Miechów. In the 19th and 20th centuries three editions of this Annales were done (1866, 1872, 1960). During the World War II the book with the manuscript, on the basis of which this chronicle has been issued in print, was irretrievably lost but fortunately, the photographies of the text of Annales were preserved. Some of the historians believed, that even in the 17th century in the monastery in Miechów existed two copies of manuscripts of the Annales Miechovienses: the first one, that in 19th and 20th centuries became the basis of editions, and the second one – completely unknown. The proof of the existence of two different versions was to be the difference between the text presently known as Annales, and the quotes from the monastic chronicle included in the Samuel Nakielski’s book Miechovia sive promptuarium antiquitatum monasterii Miechoviensis, published in Cracow in the thirties and forties of the 17th century. According to some researches, the differences indicate that Nakielski drew his quotations from an unknown manuscript of the Annales Miechovienses. However, the analysis of Nakielski’s citations from other texts, with different narrative sources, indicates, that the author of Miechovia was not always passing the borrowed quotes accurately: he often introduced changes and amendments (he was adding his own sententeces, shortening them, changing dates etc.). Therefore, the differences between the text of Annales known today, and references to it in Miechovia, could not be a sufficient argument for the thesis statement outlined above. The analysis of Miechovia suggests, that the source from which Nakielski was quoting the passages of monastic chronicle, contained additionaly other texts missing in the manuscript book, part of which is presently known as the text of Annales Miechovienses. Therefore, it is a proof that, indeed, in Nakielski’s times existed two manuscripts of the work, placed in two different books. Presumably, the unknown version of Annales Miechovienses was more extensive one than the version preserved to this day.
More...
Syncretism and the overlapping of morphologically distinct units or entire categories have different influence on morphologically complex and less complex forms. In principle, both syncretism and polysemy corrupt the ideal distribution of morphological units and the balance between form and function. However, compared to polysemy, the influence of syncretism is more dramatic because it decreases the efficiency and grammatical applicability of individual forms, whereas polysemy extends the functional capacity of inflectional categories. In Veps, there is relatively little syncretism in synchronic case paradigms. Both noun and verb inflection are based on regular suffixal morphology. Unlike in the southern Finnic languages, such as Vote, Estonian and Livonian, syncretism does not influence the most frequent case categories in Veps. There are certain lexical types that display morphonological alternation but there are no inflectional categories that would be distinguished by means of flexive morphology and stem alternation. However, in certain cases syncretism extends beyond those categories that are predictable as there are some examples of accidental inflectional homonymy between the partitive singular and nominative plural. More generally speaking, the historical development of the Veps local case system is strongly affected by syncretism. This article focuses on syncretism in the western varieties of Central Veps, which are slightly different from the other local varieties of the given language area. Those categories that are affected by syncretism will be examined in the light of paradigmatic overlapping and syntactic compensation. The assessment of syncretism from a functional perspective is based on the assumption that paradigmatic identity between distinct categories is not always realized at a syntactic level.
More...
Review on: Estonian in typological perspective, [Berlin] (Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung (STUF). Language Typlogy and Universals. Volume 62. Issue 1/2)
More...
This article presents an acoustic-phonetic study of Veps word prosody. The results are analysed from the point of view of their role in the manifestation of the Veps prosodic structure. This paper deals with the role of quantity in Central Veps. It focuses on the quantity of vowels. Traditionally, in North Veps the vowels u and i are long in the stressed syllable, while in Central and South Veps they are shortened (e.g sur' ’big’, hir' ’mouse’). The main issue raised in the paper deals with the durations of vowels in Central Veps. The results show that in monosyllabic words the duration of the vowels is longer than in the first syllable of polysyllabic words.
More...